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VIDEO PHOTOGRAPHY
image recording seems to consist of two isolated realities video and stillphotography
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Two things
Access to a video camera
Patience
Terminology
Shot,
basically from when press record to stop recording Framing & Composition,
the picture see in the viewfinder (or on a monitor)
Transition
The way in which any two video shots are joined together is called the
transition.
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Pan
Side-to-side camera movement.
Tilt Up-and-down camera movement.
Zoom
In-and-out camera movement (i.e. closer and more distant).
Iris (Exposure) The opening which lets light into the camera. A wider iris means more
light and a brighter picture.
White balance
Adjusting the colours until they look natural and consistent.
Shutter Analogous to the shutter in a still camera.
Audio
Sound which is recorded to go with the pictures.
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Planning - "plan and shoot
Shoot Plan
Planning to Edit
Post-production
In-Camera
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Video Formats and Standards
CRT based televisions to flat LCD and plasma screens -digital TV - HD (High Definition) standards
CRT displays - 50fps or 60fps (frames per second)
Video has 30 FPS
720P / 1080i / 1080P
720 and 1080 refer to the vertical resolution - the number of
horizontal lines on screen 720 vertical lines one gets a width of 1280 pixels
720 X 1280 = 921,600 pixel of overall resolution
1080 standard provides 1920 horizontal pixels of resolution
1080 X 1920 provides 2,073,600 pixels of resolution
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Tape, Hard Drives, and Memory Cards
Video tapes - film, tape is an ongoing expense
HDV tape will pretty much disappear as an offering innew camcorders
Hard drives or solid state media
Current cameras feature drives with between 60 -120GB
camera using AVCHD compression shoots about 6 10GB per hour
Camcorders which use SD (preferably the highercapacity SDHC) memory cards are much smaller and
lighter than those that use hard drives
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Formats & Code
Analog
Lo-Band: Approximately 3 megahertz bandwidth(250 lines EIAresolution or ~333x480 edge-to-edge)
Hi-Band : Approximately 5 megahertz bandwidth (420 linesEIA resolution or ~550x480 edge-to-edge)
Digital
MiniDV (1995), DVD (1995)- Mini DVD-R or DVD-RAM, DV(1996), D-VHS (1998), Digital8 (1999), MICROMV (2001), Blu-ray Disc (2003), HDV (2004), MPEG-2 codec based format,H.264, AVCHD (Advanced Video Coding High Definition),Multiview Video Coding
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Camera Parts & Functions
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1. Lens cover2. LCD screen3. Turn on LCD screen
4. Volume button5. Battery6. Battery lock7. Power button8. Record start/stop button9. Power from the adaptor jack insert10. Place rope handy camera lens
11. Battery information12. Lamp button13. Button for choose color quality14. Lens15. Microphone16. Lamp sign record17. Infrared for record in dark place18. Control button video19. The use of light20. Fadder button21. Back light button22. Focus button23. Remote sensor lights
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Most domestic camcorders can do just about everythingautomatically
Auto-functions usually perform well enough, there will besome situations they can't cope with (e.g. bad lightingconditions).
To get the best results or obtain a particular effect it is oftennecessary to over-ride auto-functions and go manual.
Two Types of Camera Analog camcorder
Digital camcorder
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Analog camcorder
two basic parts:
1 - A camera section, consisting of a CCD, lens and motors tohandle the zoom, focus and aperture
2 - A VCR section, in which a typical TV VCR is shrunk downto fit in a much smaller space.
The camera component's function is to receive visualinformation and interpret it as an electronic video signal.
Electronic video signal and records it on video tape asmagnetic patterns
A third component, the viewfinder, receives the video imageas well - modern camcorders also have larger full-color LCDscreens.
There are many formats for analog camcorders, and manyextra features
The main variable is what kind of storage tape they use.
Analog information, on the other hand, "fades" with each copy-- the copying process doesn't reproduce the original signalexactly.
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Digital camcorders Digital camcorders have all these same elements
Have an added component that takes the analog information thecamera gathers and translates it to bytes of data.
Records the picture and sound as 1s and 0s.
Digital camcorders are so popular because you can copy 1s and0s very easily without losing any of the information
Video information in digital form can also be loaded onto
computers, where you can edit it, copy it, e-mail it and manipulateit.
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The CCD (charge-coupled device)
Film camera, - "sees" the world through lenses.
Lenses serve to focus the light from a scene onto film treated withchemicals that have a controlled reaction to light & camera filmrecords the scene in front of it.
It picks up greater amounts of light from brighter parts of the scene,and lower amounts of light from darker parts of the scene.
Instead of focusing it onto film, it shines the light onto a smallsemiconductor image sensor.
CCD - measures light with a half-inch (about 1 cm) panel of 300,000to 500,000 tiny light-sensitive diodes called photosites.
Each photosite measures the amount of light (photons) Translates this information into electrons (electrical charges)
A brighter image is represented by a higher electrical charge, and adarker image is represented by a lower electrical charge.
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To create a color image
camcorder has to detect not only thetotal light levels, but also the levels of
each color of light. the full spectrum of colors by combining
the three colors red, green and blue
a beam splitter separates a signal intothree different versions
one showing the level of red light, oneshowing the level of green light and oneshowing the level of blue light.
Each of these images is captured by itsown chip
The camera then overlays these threeimages and the intensities of thedifferent primary colors blend to producea full-color image.
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The Lens
The first step in recording a video image is to focus light
onto the CCD, using a lens. Focus
Auto-focus is strictly for amateurs
Autofocus device, usually an infrared beam that bounces offobjects in the center of the frame and comes back to a sensoron the camcorder
To find the distance to the object, the processor calculates howlong it takes the beam to bounce and return
Small motor that moves the lens, focusing it on objects at thisdistance
Manual focus difficult, but if want to be any good at all, good
focus control is essential.
Focus ring at the front of the lens housing
Turn the ring clockwise for closer focus, anti-clockwise formore distant focus.
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zoom lens
Camcorders are also equipped with a zoom lens(opticalzooms)
Attached motor that adjusts the zoom lens in response to asimple toggle control on the grip
The function which moves your point of view closer to, orfurther away from, the subject
Magnify a scene by increasing the focal length of the lens
Further zoom in, the more difficult it is to keep the picturesteady
Digital zooms stabilize magnified pictures a little better thanoptical zooms
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Iris
Adjustable opening (aperture), which controls the amount
of light coming through the lens Turn clockwise to close and anticlockwise to open.
Shutter
Video camera shutters work quite differently from still filmcamera shutters but the result is basically the same.
The shutter "opens" and "closes" once for each frame ofvideo
25 times per second for PAL and 30 times per second forNTSC
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White Balance
White balance means colour balance
It a "true white" reference
Which tells the camera what each colour should look like
"Auto-white" means the completely automatic function (no userinput at all).
"Manual-white" means the operation described below.
"Colour correction" means any other method of adjusting colours.
Audio
Cameras come with built-in microphones, usually hi-fi stereo.
Range of frequencies detectable by the human ear approximately 20Hz to 20kHz.
Most cameras have an "auto-gain control", which adjusts theaudio level automatically.
Many cameras have a "low-cut filter", sometimes referred to as a"wind-noise filter" or something similar.
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Effects
Cameras come with a selection of built-in digital effects
Such as digital still, mix, strobe, etc. These can be verycool, or they can be very clumsy and tacky
Framing
Shots are all about composition - process of creating
composition Rather than pointing the camera at the subject, you
need to compose an image
Type of Shots
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EWS (Extreme Wide Shot) VWS (Very Wide Shot) WS (Wide Shot)
MS (Mid Shot)MCU (Medium Close Up) CU (Close Up)
ECU (Extreme Close Up) CA (Cutaway)
http://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/very-wide-shot.htmlhttp://www.mediacollege.com/video/shots/extreme-wide-shot.html