8/18/2019 void ab initio
1/73Page 1
Reportable
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6673 OF 2014
Satya Pal A a ! ... A""#lla tV#$%&%
Stat# '( M.P. a ! Ot)#$% ... R#%"' !# t%
J U D G M E N T
Dipak Misra, J.
T)# a""#lla t* a %#"t&a+# a$,a * (,l#! a a""l,-at,'
!at#! 4.2.200 , t)# '((,-# '( t)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$* )'"al*
t)# t),$! $#%"' !# t )#$#, * ('$ -a -#llat,' '( $#+,%t#$#!
!'-& # t% !at#! . .2001* 21.4.2004 a ! 11.7.2006 ),-)
"#$ta, t' $#+,%t$at,' '( , '5#a/l# "$'"#$ty %,t&at#! '
Pl't N'. 7 * P& a/, a+)* Ra,%# R'a!* )'"al. A% "&t
('$t) /y t)# a""#lla t , ),% a""l,-at,' * t)# %a,! "l't a%
all'tt#! t' ),% 't)#$* S t. V##$a5al, A a !* /y t)# P& a/,
8/18/2019 void ab initio
2/73Page 2
H'&%, + C''"#$at,5# S'-,#ty Lt!. ('$ %)'$t* 8t)# S'-,#ty9:*
t)# ('&$t) $#%"' !# t )#$#, * /y # t#$, + , t' a %al# !##!
!at#! 22.3.1 62* $#+,%t#$#! ' 30.03.1 62. S t. V##$a5al,
A a ! #;",$#! ' 12.6.1 . A(t#$ )#$ !#at)* t)# ('&$t)
$#%"' !# t* t)$'&+) ,t% '((,-# /#a$#$ #;#-&t#! a D##! '(
E;t, +&,%) # t ' . .2001 & ,lat#$ally -a -#ll, + t)# %a,!
all't # t a ! ' t)# %t$# +t) '( %&-) !'-& # t* #;#-&t#! a
$#+,%t#$#! %al# !##! !at#! 21.4.2004 , (a5'&$ '( M$%.
Ma ,t )%, a !
M$. S.C. S)a$ a.
2. A% ,% #5,!# t* & !#$ t)#%# -,$-& %ta -#%* t)#
a""#lla t '5#! t)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$ R#+,%t$at,' : %##>, +
-a -#llat,' '( t)# D##! '( E;t, +&,%) # t !at#! . .2001.
T)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$ $# #-t#! t)# %a,! "$ay#$ ' t ' -'& t%*
a #ly* t)# !,%"&t# /#t ## t)# "a$t,#% a% "# !, + /#('$#
t)# -' "#t# t a&t)'$,ty & !#$ t)# M.P. C''"#$at,5#
S'-,#t,#% A-t* 1 60 ('$ %)'$t ?t)# 1 60 A-t@: a ! %#-' !ly*
),% &$,%!,-t,' a% l, ,t#! ' ly t' t)# #;t# t '( $#+,%t#$, +
t)# !'-& # t% a ! ,( a y "a$ty !#%,$#! ,t% -a -#llat,' *
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
3/73Page 3
t)# t' 5#$,(y t)at t)# -a -#llat,' !##! ,% $#+,%t#$#! '
a""$'"$,at# %ta " "a"#$. T)#$#a(t#$* t)# a""#lla t (,l#! a
a""l,-at,' & !#$ S#-t,' 6 '( t)# R#+,%t$at,' A-t* 1 0
('$ /$#5,ty* 8t)# A-t9:* ),-) a% $# #-t#! /y t)# I %"#-t'$
# #$al R#+,%t$at,' : %tat, + t)at t)# "' #$% -' (#$$#! '
I %"#-t'$ # #$al R#+,%t$at,' : & !#$ S#-t,' 6 '( t)# A-t
,% l, ,t#! t' +# #$al %&"#$, t# !# -# '( t)# $#+,%t$at,'
'((,-# a ! a>, + $&l#% a ! 't t' "$'5,!# )#a$, + /y a y
S&/ R#+,%t$a$. T)# I %"#-t'$ # #$al (&$t)#$ , t, at#! ),
t)at a+a, %t t)# '$!#$ '( S&/ R#+,%t$a$* ,t a% '"# t' t)#
a""#lla t t' , ,t,at# a""$'"$,at# "$'-##!, +% /#('$# a C'&$t
'( -' "#t# t &$,%!,-t,' .
3. #, + a++$,#5#! /y t)# a('$#%a,! '$!#$%* t)# a""#lla t
"$#(#$$#! B.P. N'. 13=0= '( 200 /#('$# t)# H,+) C'&$t.
T)# "$ay#$ , t)# $,t "#t,t,' a% ('$ !#-la$, + t)#
E;t, +&,%) # t D##! a% #ll a% t)# %&/%# t %al# !##!%
a% 5',! a/ , ,t,' ,t) a (&$t)#$ !,$#-t,' t' t)# $#%"' !# t%
t' $#-'$! t)# -a -#llat,' '( %&-) !'-& # t%. It a%
-' t# !#! /#('$# t)# H,+) C'&$t t)at t)# E;t, +&,%) # t
D##! a% $#+,%t#$#! -' t$a$y t' t)# "$'5,%,' % -' ta, #! ,
S#-t,' 17 1: /: '( t)# A-t /y t)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$ a !*
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
4/73Page 4
t)#$#('$#* ,t a% '/l,+at'$y ' t)# "a$t '( t)# ),+)#$
a&t)'$,t,#% , #;#$-,%# '( "' #$% & !#$ S#-t,' 6 '( t)# A-t
t' !#-la$# t)# %a,! a-t,' a% a/ , ,t,' 5',! a ! -' %# tly
t)# %&/%# t %al# !##!% t' /# 5',!.
4. T)# %a,! %ta ! a ! %ta -# '( t)# a""#lla t a%
$#%,%t#! /y t)# -' t#%t, + $#%"' !# t% -' t# !, +* , t#$
al,a* t)at a% t)# , ,t,al all'tt##* S t. V##$a5al, A a !* !,!
't ta># a y %t#"% ('$ 3= y#a$% t' $a,%# a y -' %t$&-t,' '
t)# "l't , %t,' * t)# $#%"' !# t '. 4 $#+,%t#$#! t)#
E;t, +&,%) # t D##! ' . .2001. O t)# %t$# +t) '( %a,!
!##!* t)# $#%"' !# t %'-,#ty #;#-&t#! a ! $#+,%t#$#! t)#
%al# !##! !at#! 21.4.2004 , (a5'&$ '( Ma ,t
8/18/2019 void ab initio
5/73Page 5
a""l,-at,' & !#$ S#-t,' =7 1: '( t)# 1 60 A-t a% (,l#! ('$
a! , t#$, , & -t,' ),-) a% +$a t#! /y t)# %a,!
a&t)'$,ty ' 1.2.2006 $#%t$a, , + t)# $#%"' !# t% t' a>#
a y -' %t$&-t,' '5#$ t)# %a,! "$'"#$ty. T)# %a,! '$!#$ '(
, & -t,' %t''! 5a-at#! /y '$!#$ !at#! 12.4.2006. T)#
%a,! '$!#$ 5a-at, + t)# '$!#$ '( , & -t,' a% a((,$ #! /y
t)# J', t R#+,%t$a$ a ! t)# D#"&ty R#+,%t$a$ a% !,$#-t#! t'
(, ally a! &!,-at# t)# !,%"&t#.
=. A% t)# (a-t&al at$,; '&l! & 5#,l a% t)# a""#lla t
, %t,t&t#! a y a l#+al "$'-##!, + a+a, %t t)# $#%"' !# t%*
t)#y ,%%! a 't,-# ' 12.7.2007 a%>, + ), t' $#(& ! t)#
-' %,!#$at,' a '& t '( R%.6 la>)%. A+a, %t 5a$,'&%
'$!#$%* t)# a""#lla t "$#(#$$#! t)$## %"#-,al l#a5# "#t,t,' %*
,.#. SLP C: N'. 34 =7 '( 2010* SLP C: N'. 132== '( 2012
a ! t)# "$#%# t a""#al a$,%, + '&t '( SLP C: N'. =02 '(
2012. T)# SLP C: N'. 34 =7 '( 2010 a% "$#(#$$#!
a%%a,l, + t)# a, ta, a/,l,ty '( t)# $#5,%,' "#t,t,' a ! t)#
%a,! SLP ,% "# !, +. SLP C: N'. 132== '( 2012 $#lat#% t'
a""', t # t '( $#-#,5#$ t' "$'t#-t ),% , t#$#%t* ),-) %t''!
!,% ,%%#! /y '$!#$ !at#! 17.7.2013. I %)all $#(#$ t' t)# %a,!
'$!#$ , !#ta,l at t)# a""$'"$,at# t, #.
5
8/18/2019 void ab initio
6/73Page 6
6. T)# H,+) C'&$t t''> 't# '( t)# (a-t&al a%%#$t,' %*
%-a #! t)# $#l#5a t "$'5,%,' % '( t)# A-t* t''> 't# '( t)#
a&t)'$,t,#% -,t#! /y t)# a""#lla t a ! #5# t&ally -a # t'
)'l! t)at t)# -' t$'5#$%y $a,%#! /y t)# a""#lla t -'&l! /#
a! &!,-at#! /#('$# t)# a""$'"$,at# ('$& a ! 't , t)# $,t
"$'-##!, +. T)# H,+) C'&$t (&$t)#$ )#l! t)at t)#
a&t)'$,t,#% & !#$ t)# A-t )a! -'$$#-tly %tat#! t)at t)#y
)a5# ' &$,%!,-t,' t' !#-,!# t)# %'& ! #%% '( $#+,%t$at,'
'( E;t, +&,%) # t D##! '$ t)# %al# !##!% a ! !#-la$# t)#
a% &ll a ! 5',!.
7. I )a5# )#a$! M$. Satya Pal A a !* a""#lla t , "#$%'
a ! M$. S.
8/18/2019 void ab initio
7/73Page 7
t)# A-t. T)#$# ,% ' -a5,l '5#$ t)# (a-t t)at E;t, +&,%) # t
D##! a% $#+,%t#$#! ' . .2001 a ! %&/%# t %al# !##!%
#$# $#+,%t#$#! t)#$#a(t#$. T)# %ta ! '( t)# $#%"' !# t% ,%
t)at t)#y )a! "a,! t)# a '& t t' t)# a""#lla t a ! t)#$# ,%
a (, !, + t' t)at #((#-t , t)# S"#-,al L#a5# P#t,t,' t)at )a%
/## !,% ,%%#! /y t),% C'&$t.
. P$#%# tly* I %)all !#al ,t) t)# %-)# # '( t)# A-t.
S#-t,' 17 '--&$$, + , Pa$t III '( t)# A-t !#al% ,t) t)#
!'-& # t% '( ),-) $#+,%t$at,' ,% -' "&l%'$y. T)#
-' t$'5#$%y "#$ta, % t' S#-t,' 17 1: /: '( t)# A-t* a% &$+#!
/y t)# a""#lla t. T)# %a,! "$'5,%,' $#a!% a% ('ll' %
817 1: /: 't)#$ ' t#%ta # ta$y , %t$& # t%),-) "&$"'$t '$ '"#$at# t' -$#at#* !#-la$#*
a%%,+ * l, ,t '$ #;t, +&,%)* )#t)#$ , "$#%# t '$, (&t&$#* a y $,+)t* t,tl# '$ , t#$#%t* )#t)#$5#%t#! '$ -' t, +# t* '( t)# 5al '( ' # )& !$#!$&"##% a ! &" a$!%* t' '$ , , '5a/l#"$'"#$ty 9
10. S#-t,' 1 '( t)# A-t !#al% ,t) t)# !'-& # t% '(
),-) $#+,%t$at,' ,% '"t,' al. S#-t,' 20 '( t)# A-t !#al%
,t) t)# !'-& # t% -' ta, , + , t#$l, #at,' %* /la >%*
#$a%&$#% '$ alt#$at,' %. T)# %a,! "$'5,%,' ,% $#"$'!&-#!
/#l'
7
8/18/2019 void ab initio
8/73Page 8
820. Documents containing interlineations,blanks, erasures or alterations. G 1: T)#$#+,%t#$, + '((,-#$ ay , ),% !,%-$#t,' $#(&%#% t'a--#"t ('$ $#+,%t$at,' a y !'-& # t , ),-)
a y , t#$l, #at,' * /la >* #$a%&$# '$ alt#$at,'a""#a$%* & l#%% t)# "#$%' % #;#-&t, + t)#!'-& # t att#%t ,t) t)#,$ %,+ at&$#% '$ , ,t,al%%&-) , t#$l, #at,' * /la >* #$a%&$# '$ alt#$at,' .
2: I( t)# $#+,%t#$, + '((,-#$ $#+,%t#$% a y %&-)!'-& # t* )# %)all* at t)# t, # '( $#+,%t#$, + t)#%a #* a># a 't# , t)# $#+,%t#$ '( %&-), t#$l, #at,' * /la >* #$a%&$# '$ alt#$at,' .
11. S#-t,' 21 '( t)# A-t "$'5,!#% ('$ !#%-$,"t,' '(
"$'"#$ty a ! a"% '$ "la %. T)# %a,! "$'5,%,' ,% a%
& !#$
821. Description of propert an! maps orplans. 1: N' ' t#%ta # ta$y !'-& # t$#lat, + t' , '5a/l# "$'"#$ty %)all /# a--#"t#!('$ $#+,%t$at,' & l#%% ,t -' ta, % a !#%-$,"t,' '( %&-) "$'"#$ty %&((,-,# t t' ,!# t,(y t)# %a #.
2: H'&%#% , t' % %)all /# !#%-$,/#! a% %,t&at#' t)# '$t) '$ 't)#$ %,!# '( t)# %t$##t '$ $'a!
),-) %)'&l! /# %"#-,(,#!: t' ),-) t)#y ($' t*a ! /y t)#,$ #;,%t, + a ! ('$ #$ '--&"a -,#%*a ! /y t)#,$ & /#$% ,( t)# )'&%#% , %&-) %t$##t
'$ $'a! a$# & /#$#!.3: Ot)#$ )'&%#% a ! la ! %)all /# !#%-$,/#! /y
t)#,$ a #* ,( a y* a ! a% /#, + t)# t#$$,t'$,al!,5,%,' , ),-) t)#y a$# %,t&at#* a ! /y t)#,$%&"#$(,-,al -' t# t%* t)# $'a!% a ! 't)#$"$'"#$t,#% ' ),-) t)#y a/&t* a ! t)#,$ #;,%t, +'--&"a -,#%* a ! al%'* )# #5#$ ,t ,% "$a-t,-a/l#*/y $#(#$# -# t' a +'5#$ # t a" '$ %&$5#y.
4: N' ' t#%ta # ta$y !'-& # t -' ta, , + aa" '$ "la '( a y "$'"#$ty -' "$,%#! t)#$#,
8
8/18/2019 void ab initio
9/73Page 9
%)all /# a--#"t#! ('$ $#+,%t$at,' & l#%% ,t ,%a--' "a ,#! /y a t$ -'"y '( t)# a" '$ "la *'$* , -a%# %&-) "$'"#$ty ,% %,t&at# , %#5#$al!,%t$,-t%* /y %&-) & /#$ '( t$ -'",#% '( t)#
a" '$ "la % a% a$# # &al t' t)# & /#$ '( %&-)!,%t$,-t%.9
12. S#-t,' 22 !#al% ,t) t)# !#%-$,"t,' '( )'&%#% a !
la ! /y $#(#$# -# t' '5#$ # t a"% '$ %&$5#y%. T)# %a,!
"$'5,%,' ,% a% ('ll' %
822. Description of "ouses an! lan! breference to go#ernment maps of sur#e s. G 1:B)#$# ,t ,%* , t)# '", ,' '( t)# Stat#
'5#$ # t* "$a-t,-a/l# t' !#%-$,/# )'&%#%* 't/#, + )'&%#% , t' %* a ! la !% /y $#(#$# -# t'a +'5#$ # t a" '$ %&$5#y* t)# Stat#
'5#$ # t ay* /y $&l# a!# & !#$ t),% A-t*$# &,$# t)at %&-) )'&%#% a ! la !% a% a('$#%a,!
%)all* ('$ t)# "&$"'%#% '( %#-t,' 21* /# %'!#%-$,/#!.
2: Sa5# a% 't)#$ ,%# "$'5,!#! /y a y $&l# a!#& !#$ %&/ %#-t,' 1:* (a,l&$# t' -' "ly ,t) t)#"$'5,%,' % '( %#-t,' 21* %&/ %#-t,' 2: '$%&/ %#-t,' 3:* %)all 't !,%# t,tl# a !'-& # t t'/# $#+,%t#$#! ,( t)# !#%-$,"t,' '( t)# "$'"#$ty t'
),-) ,t $#lat#% ,% %&((,-,# t t' ,!# t,(y t)at"$'"#$ty.9
13. S#-t,' 32 '( t)# A-t* ),-) '--&$% , Pa$t VI "$'5,!#%
('$ "#$%' % t' "$#%# t !'-& # t% ('$ $#+,%t$at,' . T)# %a,!
"$'5,%,' ,% $#"$'!&-#! /#l'
8$2. %ersons to present !ocuments forregistration G E;-#"t , t)# -a%#% # t,' #! ,
9
8/18/2019 void ab initio
10/73Page 10
%#-t,' % 31* a ! * #5#$y !'-& # t t' /#$#+,%t#$#! & !#$ t),% A-t* )#t)#$ %&-)$#+,%t$at,' /# -' "&l%'$y '$ '"t,' al* %)all /#"$#%# t#! at t)# "$'"#$ $#+,%t$at,' '((,-#
a: /y %' # "#$%' #;#-&t, + '$ -la, , + & !#$t)# %a #* '$* , t)# -a%# '( a -'"y '( a !#-$## '$'$!#$* -la, , + & !#$ t)# !#-$## '$ '$!#$* '$
/: /y t)# $#"$#%# tat,5# '$ a%%,+ ## '( %&-) a"#$%' * '$
-: /y t)# a+# t '( %&-) a "#$%' * $#"$#%# tat,5#'$ a%%,+ * !&ly a&t)'$,%#! /y "' #$ '( att'$ #y #;#-&t#! a ! a&t)# t,-at#! , a #$)#$#, a(t#$ # t,' #!.9
14. S#-t,' 32A '( t)# A-t ),-) )a% /## , %#$t#! .#.(.
24. .2001* lay% !' -' "&l%'$y a((,;, + '( ")'t'+$a")%*
#t-. S#-t,' 33 '( t)# A-t %t,"&lat#% t)# "' #$ '( att'$ #y
$#-'+ , a/l# ('$ "&$"'%#% '( S#-t,' 32. S#-t,' 34 '( t)#
A-t "$'5,!#% ('$ # &,$y /#('$# $#+,%t$at,' /y t)#
R#+,%t#$, + O((,-#$.
1=. I )a5# $#(#$$#! t' t)# a('$#%a,! "$'5,%,' % t'
& !#$%ta ! t)# %-)# # '( $#+,%t$at,' a ! t)# $'l# '( t)#
R#+,%t$at,' O((,-#$. It ,% &$+#! /y t)# a""#lla t t)at t)#
E;t, +&,%) # t D##! a% $#+,%t#$#! -' t$a$y t' t)#
"$'5,%,' % -' ta, #! , S#-t,' 17 1: /: '( t)# A-t a ! , a
($a&!&l# t a #$. S#-t,' 17 1: /: %t,"&lat#% -#$ta,
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
11/73Page 11
-at#+'$,#% '( !'-& # t% ),-) a$# $# &,$#! t' /# $#+,%t#$#!.
It %t,"&lat#% $#+,%t$at,' '( ' t#%ta # ta$y !'-& # t%
),-) "&$"'$t '$ '"#$at# t' -$#at#* !#-la$#* a%%,+ * l, ,t '$
#;t, +&,%)* )#t)#$ , "$#%# t '$ , (&t&$#* a y $,+)t* t,tl#
'$ , t#$#%t* )#t)#$ 5#%t#! '$ -' t, +# t* '( t)# 5al '( ' #
)& !$#! $&"##% a ! &" a$!%* t' '$ , , '5a/l# "$'"#$ty.
It ,% -' t# !#! /y t)# a""#lla t t)at a&t)'$,ty* ' t)#
+$'& ! '( ($a&!* -a !#-la$# t)# !##!% t' /# &ll a ! 5',!.
T' /'l%t#$ t)# %a,! %ta !* )# )a% !$a , %",$at,' ($' t)#
a&t)'$,ty , Yanala Malleshwari v. Anantula Sayamma 1
F&ll # -):. #('$# t)# F&ll # -)* t)# %t,' a$'%#
)#t)#$ a "#$%' -a &ll,(y t)# %al# /y #;#-&t, + a !
$#+,%t#$, + a -a -#llat,' !##! a ! )#t)#$ t)# R#+,%t#$, +
O((,-#$ l,># D,%t$,-t R#+,%t$a$ a ! '$ S&/ R#+,%t$a$
a""', t#! /y t)# Stat# '5#$ # t* ,% /'& ! t' $#(&%#
$#+,%t$at,' )# a -a -#llat,' !##! ,% "$#%# t#!. Ra'* J.*
a!5#$t, + t' t)# "$'5,%,' % '( t)# A-t a ! t)# R&l#% a !
! #ll, + &"' t)# -' -#"t '( ($a&! )#l! t)&%
8T)# "#$%' * )' )a% #; (a-,# $,+)t )#t)#$ %&-)$,+)t ,% $#+,%t#$#! '$ 't -a al ay% a""$'a-) t)#$#+,%t#$, + a&t)'$,ty* ,t) a $# %t t' -a -#l a%al# !##!* ),-) a% $#+,%t#$#! #a$l,#$ /y %&-)
1 AIR 2007 AP 57
11
8/18/2019 void ab initio
12/73Page 12
$#+,%t#$, + a&t)'$,ty /y %)' , + t)at %&/%# t$#+,%t$at,' a% '/ta, #! /y ($a&! /y a "#$%'
)' ,% 't # t,tl#! t' t$a %(#$ t)# "$'"#$ty '$t)at %&-) t$a %(#$ a% $#+,%t#$#! /y "lay, +
($a&! ' t)# ' #$ '$ ' t)# %t$a +#$. I t)#"$#%# t %tat&t'$y !,%"# %at,' * a #ly* T$a %(#$'( P$'"#$ty A-t* C' t$a-t A-t* S"#-,(,- R#l,#( A-ta ! R#+,%t$at,' A-t* t)# C'&$t !'#% 't %## a y "$'),/,t,' '"#$at, + ' t)# #;#$-,%# '( , )#$# t"' #$ /y t)# $#+,%t#$, + a&t)'$,ty t' -a -#l t)#%al# !##! #a$l,#$ $#+,%t#$#!* ),-) ,% l,>#ly t'-a&%# "$# &!,-# t' t)# t$ ' #$ a% #ll a% t't)# # t,$# "&/l,- at la$+#.9
C)a !$a,a)* J.* ),l# -' -&$$, + ,t) Ra'* J. '", #!
t)at
8I '&l! l,># t' $#,t#$at# t)at t)#$# ,% ' %"#-,(,-"$'),/,t,' & !#$ t)# R#+,%t$at,' A-t* 1 0 ('$%)'$t t)# A-t : t' $#+,%t#$ a !##! '( -a -#llat,' .
T)# R#+,%t#$, + O((,-#$ -a $#(&%# $#+,%t$at,' ,t)# %,t&at,' % a$,%, + & !#$ S#-t,' % 1 22 * 32 a ! 3= a ! t)# $#l#5a t $&l#% a$# R&l#%26* = a ! 117. &t , all 't)#$ -a%#% )#$# t)#-' !,t,' % & !#$ t)# A-t ,.#.*S#-t,' % 17 a ! 1 '( t)# A-t a$# (&l(,ll#!* t)#R#+,%t#$, + O((,-#$ ,% /'& ! t' $#+,%t#$ t)#!'-& # t a ! ,t ,% 't , !,%"&t# t)at t)#-a -#llat,' !##! (&l(,ll% t)# -' !,t,' % ('$ t)#
"&$"'%# '( $#+,%t$at,' . H' #5#$* t)# A-t !'#%'t "#$ ,t t)# R#+,%t#$, + O((,-#$ t' # &,$# , t'
t)# t,tl# '( t)# "a$ty "$#%# t, + t)# !'-& # t ('$$#+,%t$at,' a ! t)# %,t&at,' % # t,' #! , t)#a/'5# %a,! "$'5,%,' % & !#$ ),-) t)#$#+,%t$at,' -a /# $#(&%#! a$# ('$ !,((#$# t"&$"'%# a ! ' ly & !#$ t)'%# -' t, +# -,#% )#-a $#(&%#. T),% C'&$t -a 't # la$+# t)# %-'"#'( t)#%# "$'5,%,' % & !#$ t)# +&,%# '(
, t#$"$#tat,' '( %tat&t#. F&$t)#$ )# t)#$# ,%' "$'),/,t,' & !#$ t)# A-t t)# R#+,%t#$, +
1
http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82548,82550,82551,82552','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82548,82550,82551,82552','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82565','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82569','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26524','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26525','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82548,82550,82551,82552','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82548,82550,82551,82552','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82565','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','82569','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26524','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26525','1');
8/18/2019 void ab initio
13/73Page 13
O((,-#$ )a% t' $#+,%t#$ t)# !'-& # t% "$#%# t#!('$ $#+,%t$at,' , a--'$!a -# ,t) la a ! t),%C'&$t /y &!,-,al , t#$"$#tat,' -a 't , "'%#t)# %a # , t' t)# %tat&t#. It ,% #ll %#ttl#! t)at
)at )a% 't /## "$'5,!#! ('$ , a %tat&t#-a 't /# %&""l,#! /y C'&$t% a ! t' !' %' ,lla '& t t' l#+,%lat, + ),-) ,% 't t)# (& -t,' '( t)# C'&$t%.9
16. I t)# %a,! -a%#* t)# , '$,ty 5,# ,% t' t)# ('ll' , +
#((#-t
8T)# "&$"'%# '( 't, + !' t)#%# "$'5,%,' % '( TP A-t a ! t)# R#+,%t$at,' A-t ,% t' -' # t' a-' -l&%,' a% t' )#t)#$ a 5# !'$ $#ta, % a y , t#$#%t , t)# "$'"#$ty ),-) )# %'l! a ! '(
),-) a %al# !##! a% #;#-&t#! a ! $#+,%t#$#!. T)# a % #$ ,% # ")at,- ' . T)#$#('$#* , y 5,# * )# a "#$%' t$a %(#$% all ),% $,+)t%* ),%$,+)t% , t)# "$'"#$ly +#t #;t, +&,%)#! a ! ,( )#
t$,#% t' +#t /a-> t)# "$'"#$ty* ,t )a% t' /# !' #/y -)all# +, + t)# %al# !##! ),-) )# )a%#;#-&t#! a ! ),-) ,% $#+,%t#$#! /y t)#S&/ R#+,%t$a$.9
17. It ,% a"t t' 't# )#$# t)at , t)# %a,! -a%#* t)# a '$,ty
t''> t)# 5,# t)at ,( a "#$%' ,% a++$,#5#! /y t)#
-a -#llat,' !##!* ),% $# #!y ,% t' %##> a a""$'"$,at# $#l,#(
, t)# -,5,l -'&$t a ! t)# $,t "#t,t,' ,% 't t)# "$'"#$
$# #!y.
1 . T)# H,+) C'&$t , t)# , "&+ #! '$!#$ )a% al%'
$#(#$$#! t' a D,5,%,' # -) !#-,%,' '( t)# Ma!$a% H,+)
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
14/73Page 14
C'&$t , E.R. Kalaivan v. Inspector General of
Registration, hennai an! Anr 2 . I t)# %a,! -a%#* t)#
D,5,%,' # -) t''> 't# '( t)# !#-,%,' , Yanala
Malleshwari %&"$a: a ! t)# R&l# 26 >: '( t)# A !)$a
P$a!#%) R#+,%t$at,' R&l#% t)at a% , t$'!&-#! a(t#$ t)#
5#$!,-t '( t)# F&ll # -). T)# D,5,%,' # -) !#alt ,t)
!#-,%,' '( t)# H,+) C'&$t '( A !)$a P$a!#%) a ! t)#
-' %t,t&t,' al 5al,!,ty '( t)# # ly a # !#! R&l#* ),-)
"$'5,!#% ('$ a!)#$# -# t' t)# "$, -,"l#% '( at&$al &%t,-#
)# t)#$# ,% "$#%# tat,' '( & ,lat#$al -a -#llat,' !##!.
T)# Ma!$a% H,+) C'&$t '/%#$5#! t)at t)# %,t&at,' ,%
"$#5al# t , A !)$a /#-a&%# '( $&l# "'%,t,' a ! t)#$#a(t#$
"$'-##!#! t' %tat# t)&%
8I t),% -' t#;t* # ay al%' &%#(&lly $#(#$ t' t)# &!+ # t '( a l#a$ #! %, +l# J&!+# '( t),% C'&$t, G.D. Subramaniam v. The Sub-Registrar,Konur 3 . T)# l#a$ #! J&!+# )a% #;t# %,5#ly -' %,!#$#! t)# %-'"# '( $#+,%t$at,' '( -a -#llat,' '( %al# !##! a ! )a! <, at#ly )#l!t)at %&-) & ,lat#$al -a -#llat,' '( !##! -a 't/# a!# , t)# a/%# -# '( a y %"#-,(,- "$'5,%,'('$ t)# R#+,%t$a$ t' !' %'. B# a$# # t,$#ly ,a+$## # t ,t) t)# %a,! 5,# ta># /y t)#l#a$ #! %, +l# J&!+#.9
2 AIR 2010 Madras 183 2009 CIJ 243 Madras
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
15/73Page 15
# ,t 't#!* a(t#$ %' %tat, +* t)# D,5,%,' # -) '", #!
t)&%
8T)at a"a$t* ' t)# (a-t% '( t),% -a%#* '&$att# t,' ,% 't !$a t' a y '( t)# %"#-,(,-"$'5,%,' & !#$ t)# R#+,%t$at,' A-t # "' #$, +t)# R#+,%t$a$ t' # t#$ta, a !'-& # t '( -a -#llat,' ('$ $#+,%t$at,' ' t)# +$'& ! t)att)# %al# -' %,!#$at,' a% 't "a,! a !-' %# tly* $#-#,5#! /y t)# 5# !'$. F&$t)#$* ,'&$ '", ,' * )# t)# R#+,%t$a$ %at,%(,#% ), %#l( ' t)# "#$&%al '( t)# !'-& # t* )#$#, ,t ,%%tat#! t)at t)# (&ll %al# -' %,!#$at,' ,% $#-#,5#!a ! ' %&-) %at,%(a-t,' * # t#$ta, t)# !'-& # t('$ $#+,%t$at,' * -a 't t)#$#a(t#$ /# -' (#$$#!
,t) a "' #$ ('$ -a -#llat,' '( t)# !##! ' t)#+$'& ! t)at t)# (&ll %al# -' %,!#$at,' a% 't"a,! a ! $#-#,5#! /y t)# 5# !'$. C' (#$$, + %&-)"' #$ ' t)# R#+,%t$a$ '&l! ta ta '& t t'-' (#$$, + a "' #$ t' !#-,!# t)# !,%"&t#!
%t,' %. T)at a"a$t* a% al$#a!y %tat#!* , t)#a/%# -# '( a y "$'5,%,' %"#-,(,-ally # "' #$, +t)# R#+,%t$a$ t' # t#$ta, a !'-& # t '( -a -#llat,' ('$ $#+,%t$at,' * ,t)'&t t)#%,+ at&$# '( /'t) t)# 5# !'$ a ! t)# "&$-)a%#$*t)# !##! -a 't /# # t#$ta, #!. F'$ t)# %a,!$#a%' * # (, ! ' , (,$ ,ty , t)# , "&+ #!-,$-&la$ ,%%! /y t)# I %"#-t'$ # #$al '( R#+,%t$at,' .9
1 . I t),% $#+a$!* I ay &%#(&lly $#(#$ t' t)# &!+ # t
$#(#$$#! , M. Rama"rishna Re!!y v. Su# Registrar,
$angalore an! Another 4* /y a l#a$ #! S, +l# J&!+# '(
a H,+) C'&$t. I t)# %a,! -a%#* t)# "#t,t,' #$
t)#$#, -la, #! t)at )# a% t)# la (&l ' #$ '( t)# "$'"#$ty 4 AIR 2000 Karnataka 46
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
16/73Page 16
a ! t)# -' -#$ #! -''"#$at,5# %'-,#ty )a! ' $,+)t '5#$ t)#
%a,! %,t# '$ -'&l! ,t /# %'l! /y t)# %a,! %'-,#ty , (a5'&$ '(
t)# "$,5at# $#%"' !# t%. It a% -' t# !#! t)at t)#
S&/ R#+,%t$a$ -'&l! 't )a5# $#+,%t#$#! t)# %al# !##!
$#lat, + t' t)# %a,! %,t# , (a5'&$ '( t)# %#-' ! $#%"' !# t.
A 't,-# a% %# t t' t)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$ /y t)# "#t,t,' #$
-all, + &"' t' $# '5# t)# a # '( t)# %#-' ! $#%"' !# t
a% "&$-)a%#$ '( t)# %,t#* /&t t)# %a,! $# %t a% 't
-' "l,#! ,t) /y t)# -' -#$ #! S&/ R#+,%t$a$. #, +
!,%%at,%(,#! ,t) t)# %a,! , a-t,' * a $,t "#t,t,' a% (,l#!
%##>, + a""$'"$,at# !,$#-t,' t' -' %,!#$ t)# !# a !
-' ta, #! , t)# 't,-#. T)# l#a$ #! S, +l# J&!+# ),l#
!#al, + ,t) t)# -' -#"t '( $#+,%t$at,' '( , %t$& # t%
& !#$ t)# A-t* '/%#$5#! t)at
8T)# '/ #-t a ! , t# t '( "$'5,!, + ('$$#+,%t$at,' '( , %t$& # t% & !#$ t)# A-t ,% t'-$#at# a ! a, ta, a "&/l,- $#-'$! '( t$a %a-t,' % $#lat, + t' , '5a/l# "$'"#$t,#%* '
),-) #5#$y "#$%' !#al, + ,t) a , '5a/l#"$'"#$ty -a $#ly ,t) -' (,!# -#* ('$ a (&ll a !-' "l#t# a--'& t '( t)# t$a %a-t,' % /y ),-)),% t,tl# t' t)# , '5a/l# "$'"#$ty* ay /#a((#-t#!. S#-t,' 17 '( t)# A-t # & #$at#% t)#!'-& # t% '( ),-) t)# $#+,%t$at,' ,%-' "&l%'$y. All , %t$& # t% #;-#"t B,ll%: ),-)"&$"'$t '$ '"#$at# t' -$#at#* !#-la$#* a%%,+ * l, ,t'$ #;t, +&,%)* )#t)#$ , "$#%# t '$ , (&t&$#*a y $,+)t* t,tl# '$ , t#$#%t* )#t)#$ 5#%t#! '$
1
http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26524','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26524','1');
8/18/2019 void ab initio
17/73Page 17
-' t, +# t* , $#+a$! t' a , '5a/l# "$'"#$ty*t)# 5al '( ),-) ,% R%. 100 '$ '$#* a ! all
,(t D##!% a% al%' l#a%#% $#lat, + t' , '5a/l#"$'"#$t,#% ('$ a y t#$ #;-##!, + ' # y#a$* a$#
-' "&l%'$y $#+,%t$a/l#.9
T)#$#a(t#$* t)# l#a$ #! J&!+# $#(#$$#! t' 5a$,'&%
"$'5,%,' % '( t)# T$a %(#$ '( P$'"#$ty A-t* 1 = a ! al%' '(
t)# A-t a ! -' -l&!#! a% ('ll' %
8....... )# a "#$%' )' -la, % t' /# t)# ' #$'$ a "#$%' , t#$#%t#! , a , '5a/l# "$'"#$ty*(, !% t)at %' #' # #l%# )a% #;#-&t#! a !$#+,%t#$#! a %al# !##! '$ 't)#$ !##! , $#+a$! t'),% "$'"#$ty* -la, , + t' /# t)# ' #$ '$ a"#$%' , t#$#%t#! , t)# "$'"#$ty* t)# a""$'"$,at#-'&$%# ('$ ), ,% t' (,l# a %&,t ('$ !#-la$at,' a !-' %# t,al $#l,#(%. I( )# ,% %at,%(,#! %&-) %al#!##! ,% #;#-&t#! /y a "#$%' ,t)'&t a y t,tl#a ! t)at t)# !##! ,% 5',! a/ , ,t,'* )# ay #5#-)''%# t' ,+ '$# t)# %a # a ! l#a5# ,t t' t)#"#$%' -la, , + t,tl# & !#$ %&-) !##! t'#%ta/l,%) ),% t,tl# , a""$'"$,at# "$'-##!, +%. AC'&$t '( La )a% t)# &$,%!,-t,' t' !#-la$# a!'-& # t t' /# 5',! '$ #5# -a -#l a !'-& # t.
&t & !#$ ' -,$-& %ta -#%* a "#$%' -la, , +t' /# t)# ' #$ '( a "$'"#$ty '$ a )'l!#$ '( a"$'"#$ty* -a $# &,$# t)# R#+,%t#$, + A&t)'$,ty t'-a -#l t)# $#+,%t$at,' '( a !'-& # t.9
20. I t),% -' t#;t* # ay $#(#$ t' a t ' J&!+# # -)
!#-,%,' '( t),% C'&$t , %hota Ganga &a'mi an! another
v. Government of An!hra (ra!esh an! others =. I t)#
%a,! -a%#* t)# H,+) C'&$t '( A !)$a P$a!#%) )a! !,% ,%%#!5 (2010) 15 SCC 207
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
18/73Page 18
t)# $,t "#t,t,' $#ly, + ' t)# F&ll # -) !#-,%,' ,
Yanala Malleshwari %&"$a:. T)# (at)#$ '( t)# a""#lla t%
t)#$#, )a! "&$-)a%#! t)# "l't , %t,' ($' t)# 4t)
$#%"' !# t /y a $#+,%t#$#! %al# !##! !at#! 21.6.1 3 a !
%, -# t)# t)#y #$# , "'%%#%%,' a ! # 'y # t '( t)#
%a,! "$'"#$ty. S&/%# tly* t)# ('&$t) $#%"' !# t
& ,lat#$ally $#+,%t#$#! t)# -a -#llat,' !##! ,t)'&t a y
't,-# t' t)# a""#lla t%. A $,t "#t,t,' a% (,l#! %##>, +
!#-la$at,' t)at t)# -a -#llat,' !##! a% ,ll#+al /&t t)#
%a,! $,t "#t,t,' a% !,% ,%%#! )'l!, + t)at t)# a""#lla t%
%)'&l! a""$'a-) t)# -,5,l -'&$t. T),% C'&$t* , t)# %a,!
(a-t&al at$,; '", #!
8I '&$ '", ,' * t)#$# a% ' ##! ('$ t)#a""#lla t% t' a""$'a-) t)# -,5,l -'&$t a% t)# %a,!-a -#llat,' !##! !at#! 4 200= a% #ll a%$#+,%t$at,' '( t)# %a # a% )'lly 5',! a ! '#%t a ! -a /# ,+ '$#! alt'+#t)#$. F'$,ll&%t$at,' * ,( A t$a %(#$% a ",#-# '( la ! t' B /y a $#+,%t#$#! %al# !##!* t)# * ,( ,t ,% 't !,%"&t#!t)at A )a! t)# t,tl# t' t)# la !* t)at t,tl# "a%%#%t' B ' t)# $#+,%t$at,' '( t)# %al# !##!
$#t$'%"#-t,5#ly ($' t)# !at# '( t)# #;#-&t,' '( t)# %a #: a ! B t)# /#-' #% t)# ' #$ '( t)#la !. I( A a t% t' %&/%# tly +#t t)at %al#!##! -a -#ll#!* )# )a% t' (,l# a -,5,l %&,t ('$-a -#llat,' '$ #l%# )# -a $# %t B t' %#ll t)#la ! /a-> t' A /&t /y ' %t$#t-) '( , a+, at,' *-a a -a -#llat,' !##! /# #;#-&t#! '$ $#+,%t#$#!.
T),% ,% & )#a$! '( , la .9
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
19/73Page 19
T)#$#a(t#$* t)# C'&$t $#(#$$#! t' R&l# 26 >: ,: '(
A !)$a P$a!#%) R#+,%t$at,' R&l#% ($a #! & !#$ S#-t,' 6
'( t)# A-t ),-) $#a!% a% ('ll' %
8 i : T)# $#+,%t#$, + '((,-#$ %)all # %&$# at t)#t, # '( "$#"a$at,' ('$ $#+,%t$at,' '( -a -#llat,' !##!% '( "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#! !##!'( -' 5#ya -#% ' %al# /#('$# ), t)at %&-)-a -#llat,' !##!% a$# #;#-&t#! /y all t)##;#-&ta t a ! -la, a t "a$t,#% t' t)# "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#! -' 5#ya -# ' %al# a ! t)at %&-)-a -#llat,' !##! ,% a--' "a ,#! /y a!#-la$at,' %)' , + at&$al -' %# t '$ '$!#$% '( a -' "#t# t C,5,l '$ H,+) C'&$t '$ Stat# '$C# t$al '5#$ # t a &ll, + t)# t$a %a-t,'-' ta, #! , t)# "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#! !##! '( -' 5#ya -# ' %al#
P$'5,!#! t)at t)# $#+,%t#$, + '((,-#$ %)all !,%"# %#,t) t)# #;#-&t,' '( -a -#llat,' !##!% /y
#;#-&ta t a ! -la, a t "a$t,#% t' t)# "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#! !##!% '( -' 5#ya -#% ' %al# /#('$# ),,( t)# -a -#llat,' !##! ,% #;#-&t#! /y a C,5,l
J&!+# '$ a +'5#$ # t '((,-#$ -' "#t# t t'#;#-&t# +'5#$ # t '$!#$% !#-la$, + t)# "$'"#$t,#%-' ta, #! , t)# "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#! -' 5#ya -#' %al# t' /# +'5#$ # t '$ a%%,+ #! '$# !' # t la !% '$ "$'"#$t,#% 't $#+,%t#$a/l# /y a y "$'5,%,' '( la .9
A(t#$ $#"$'!&-, + t)# R&l#* t)# C'&$t "$'-##!#! t'
%tat#
8A $#a!, + '( t)# a/'5# R&l# al%' %&""'$t% t)#'/%#$5at,' % # )a5# a!# a/'5#. It ,% ' ly )#a %al# !##! ,% -a -#ll#! /y a -' "#t# t -'&$tt)at t)# -a -#llat,' !##! -a /# $#+,%t#$#! a !t)at t'' a(t#$ 't,-# t' t)# "a$t,#% -' -#$ #!. I
1
8/18/2019 void ab initio
20/73Page 20
t),% -a%#* #,t)#$ ,% t)#$# a y !#-la$at,' /y a-' "#t# t -'&$t '$ a% t)#$# a y 't,-# t' t)#"a$t,#%. H# -#* t),% R&l# al%' a>#% ,t -l#a$ t)at/'t) t)# -a -#llat,' !##! a% #ll a% $#+,%t$at,'
t)#$#'( #$# )'lly 5',! a ! ' #%t a !#a , +l#%% t$a %a-t,' %.9
21. O a $#a!, + '( t)# a('$#%a,! &!+ # t* t ' a%"#-t%
a$# 't,-#!. It ,% #5,!# t ($' "a$a+$a") 4 '( t)# &!+ # t
t)at t)# C'&$t )a% '", #! t)at t)# -a -#llat,' !##! -a 't
/# #;#-&t#! '$ $#+,%t#$#! a ! , "a$a+$a") = '( t)# %a,!
&!+ # t* $#(#$# -# )a% /## a!# t' R&l# 26 >: ,: ),-)
)a% /## ($a #! /y t)# Stat# '( A !)$a P$a!#%) & !#$
S#-t,' 6 '( t)# A-t a ! ' t)at /a%,%* ,t )a% /## $&l#!
t)at t)# %a,! R&l# %&""'$t% t)# '/%#$5at,' % a!# /y t)#
C'&$t. It ,% a"t t' 't# )#$# t)at t)# -a%# )a! a$,%# ($'
t)# Stat# '( A !)$a P$a!#%)* )#$# %"#-,(,- $&l# )a! -' #
, t' ('$-# a(t#$ t)# "$' '& -# # t /y t)# F&ll # -) , t)#
-a%# '( Yanala Malleshwari %&"$a:. T)at a"a$t t)#
'/%#$5at,' % a!# , "a$a+$a") 4 '( t)# !#-,%,' ,% '(
+# #$al , "'$t.
22. At t),% & -t&$#* I t), > ,t a"t t' $#(#$ t' S#-t,' 6 '(
t)# A-t* ),-) $#a!% a% ('ll' %
8&'. %o(er of )nspector*General to superinten!registration offices an! make rules + 1: T)#
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
21/73Page 21
I %"#-t'$ # #$al %)all #;#$-,%# a +# #$al%&"#$, t# !# -# '5#$ all t)# $#+,%t$at,' '((,-#% ,t)# t#$$,t'$,#% & !#$ t)# = Stat# '5#$ # tK* a !%)all )a5# "' #$ ($' t, # t' t, # t' a># $&l#%
-' %,%t# t ,t) t),% A-t
a: "$'5,!, + ('$ t)# %a(# -&%t'!y '( /''>%*"a"#$% a ! !'-& # t%
aa: "$'5,!, + t)# a #$ , ),-) a ! t)#%a(#+&a$!% %&/ #-t t' ),-) t)# /''>% ay /# >#"t, -' "&t#$ (l'"",#% '$ !,%>#tt#% '$ , a y 't)#$#l#-t$' ,- ('$ & !#$ %&/ %#-t,' 1: '( %#-t,'
16A K
/: !#-la$, + )at la +&a+# %)all /# !## #! t'/# -' ' ly &%#! , #a-) !,%t$,-t
-: !#-la$, + )at t#$$,t'$,al !,5,%,' % %)all /#$#-'+ , #! & !#$ %#-t,' 21
!: $#+&lat, + t)# a '& t '( (, #% , "'%#! & !#$
%#-t,' % 2= a ! 34* $#%"#-t,5#ly
#: $#+&lat, + t)# #;#$-,%# '( t)# !,%-$#t,'$#"'%#! , t)# $#+,%t#$, + '((,-#$ /y %#-t,' 63
(: $#+&lat, + t)# ('$ , ),-) $#+,%t#$, +'((,-#$% a$# t' a># # '$a !a '( !'-& # t%
+: $#+&lat, + t)# a&t)# t,-at,' /y R#+,%t$a$%
a ! S&/ R#+,%t$a$% '( t)# /''>% >#"t , t)#,$$#%"#-t,5# '((,-#% & !#$ %#-t,' =1
++: $#+&lat, + t)# a #$ , ),-) t)#, %t$& # t% $#(#$$#! t' , %&/ %#-t,' 2: '( %#-t,' ay /# "$#%# t#! ('$ $#+,%t$at,'
): !#-la$, + t)# "a$t,-&la$% t' /# -' ta, #! ,I !#;#% N'%. I* II* III a ! IV* $#%"#-t,5#ly
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
22/73Page 22
,: !#-la$, + t)# )'l,!ay% t)at %)all /# '/%#$5#!, t)# $#+,%t$at,' '((,-#% a !
: +# #$ally* $#+&lat, + t)# "$'-##!, +% '( t)#
R#+,%t$a$% a ! S&/ R#+,%t$a$%.
2: T)# $&l#% %' a!# %)all /# %&/ ,tt#! t' t)#Stat# '5#$ # t ('$ a""$'5al* a !* a(t#$ t)#y )a5# /## a""$'5#!* t)#y %)all /# "&/l,%)#! ,t)# O((,-,al a #tt#* a ! ' "&/l,-at,' %)all)a5# #((#-t a% ,( # a-t#! , t),% A-t.9
23. T)# R&l# ),-) I )a5# $#"$'!&-#! )a% /## ($a #!
& !#$ t)# a('$#%a,! "$'5,%,' a ! )a% /## , -'$"'$at#! a%
R&l# 26 >: ,:. T)# %t,' t)at # #$+#% ('$ -' %,!#$at,' ,%
)#t)#$ , t)# a/%# -# '( a y %"#-,(,- $&l# , t)# Stat# '(
Ma!)ya P$a!#%)* t)# +# #$al "$, -,"l# la,! !' , t)# -a%#
'( %hota Ganga &a'mi %&"$a: '&l! /# a""l,-a/l#.
24. O a -a$#(&l $#a!, + '( t)# "$'5,%,' % '( t)# A-t* I !'
't (, ! t)#$# ,% a y "$'),/,t,' t' $#+,%t#$ a !'-& # t '(
-a -#llat,' '$ !##! '( #;t, +&,%) # t. S#-t,' 3= '( t)#
A-t ),-) !#al% ,t) "$'-#!&$# -a 't /# -' %t$! t'
-' (#$ a &a%, &!,-,al "' #$ ' t)# $#+,%t#$, + a&t)'$,ty.
T)# l#a$ #! S, +l# J&!+# '( t)# H,+) C'&$t '( a ,
M. Rama"rishna Re!!y %&"$a: )a% '/%#$5#! t)at
8... I( a !&ly %ta "#! !'-& # t ,% "$#%# t#! ('$
$#+,%t$at,' ,t) $# &,$#! $#+,%t$at,' (## ,t)%&""'$t, + # -l'%&$#% $# &,$#! t' %at,%(y t)#
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
23/73Page 23
"$'5,%,' % $#lat, + t' 5al&at,' a ! "ay # t '( %ta " !&ty & !#$ t)# a Sta " A-t*1 =7 a ! t)# $# &,$# # t% '( S#-t,' 230 A '$26 UL '( I -' # Ta; A-t* 1 61 a ! S#-t,'
22 A '( t)# R#+,%t$at,' A-t a ! S#-t,' 26 '( U$/a La ! C#,l, + a ! R#+&lat,' : A-t* 1 76a ! a y 't)#$ $#l#5a t %tat&t'$y "$'5,%,' %:* t)#S&/ R#+,%t$a$ ,ll "$'-##! t' $#+,%t#$ t)#!'-& # t. #('$# $#+,%t$at,' * t)# R#+,%t#$, +O((,-#$ ,ll "#$&%# t)# !'-& # t t' /# $#+,%t#$#!a ! %&""'$t, + !'-& # t% l,># ta; "a,! $#-#,"t%*$#5# $#+,%t#$ #;t$a-t% a ! #5# -'",#% '( #a$l,#$ t,tl# !##!%:. &t %&-) , -,!# tal
#;a , at,' ,% 't ,t) t)# "&$"'%# '( a%-#$ta, , + '$ 5#$,(y, + t)# t,tl# '( t)# #;#-&ta t*/&t ' ly t' # %&$# t)at t)#$# ,% ' 5,'lat,' '( S#-t,' 22 A '( t)# A-t a ! t)at t)#$# ,%-' "l,a -# ,t) t)# %tat&t'$y $# &,$# # t%& !#$ Sta " La %* Ta;at,' La %* La ! C#,l, +a ! La ! R#('$ % La % #t-.9
It ,% a"t t' 't# t)#$# t)at t)# l#a$ #! S, +l# J&!+#)a% $#(#$$#! t' a !#-,%,' '( t)# Ma!$a% H,+) C'&$t , (ar"
)iew Enterprises v. State of %amil *a!u 6* )#$#, ,t )a%
/## '/%#$5#! t)at (& -t,' '( t)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$* ('$
"&$"'%#% '( $#+,%t$at,' * a$# "&$#ly a! , ,%t$at,5# a ! 't
&a%, &!,-,al a !* t)#$#('$#* )# -a 't !#-,!# )#t)#$ a
!'-& # t ),-) ,% $#+,%t#$#! ,% #;#-&t#! /y a "#$%'
)a5, + t,tl# a% $#-,t#! , t)# , %t$& # t.
2=. T)&%* , t)# a/%# -# '( a y "' #$ -' (#$$#! ' t)#
R#+,%t#$, + A&t)'$,ty t' a! &!,-at# a y a%"#-t* ,t ,% !,((,-<6 AIR 1990 Mad 251
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
24/73Page 24
t' a+$## ,t) t)# 5,# , %hota Ganga &a'mi %&"$a: t)at
t)# R#+,%t#$, + A&t)'$,ty -a 't & ,lat#$ally $#+,%t#$ a !##!
'( -a -#llat,' . I y -' %,!#$#! '", ,' * , t)# a/%# -# '(
a y $&l# l,># t)# ' # t)at ,% "$#5al# t , t)# Stat# '( A !)$a
P$a!#%)* ),-) -' a !% t)# R#+,%t#$, + O((,-#$ t' # %&$#
at t)# t, # '( "$#"a$at,' ('$ $#+,%t$at,' '( -a -#llat,'
!##!% '( "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#! !##! '( -' 5#ya -#% ' %al#
/#('$# ), t)at %&-) -a -#llat,' !##!% a$# #;#-&t#! /y all
t)# #;#-&ta t a ! -la, a t "a$t,#% t' t)# "$#5,'&%ly
$#+,%t#$#! -' 5#ya -# ' %al# a ! t)at %&-) -a -#llat,'
!##! ,% a--' "a ,#! /y !#-la$at,' %)' , + at&$al
-' %# t* t)# R#+,%t#$, + A&t)'$,ty '$ t)# %&"#$,'$ a&t)'$,ty
-a 't $#(&%# t' $#+,%t#$ a !##! '( -a -#llat,' %'l#ly ' t)#
+$'& ! t)at t)# -la, a t "a$t,#% t' t)# "$#5,'&%ly $#+,%t#$#!
-' 5#ya -# a$# 't "$#%# t '$ t)#y )a5# 't +,5# -' %# t.
26. S#-t,' 6 # "' #$% t)# I %"#-t'$ # #$al t' a>#
$&l#% -' %,%t# t ,t) t)# A-t. H# )a% /## all'-at#! -#$ta,
a$#a% t' ($a # $&l#%. R&l# 26 >: ,: $#lat, + t' A !)$a
P$a!#%) & !#$ S#-t,' 6 '( t)# A-t ay -' # & !#$ a y
%&-) $#+&lat'$y #a%&$#. I !' 't , t# ! t' #;"$#%% a y
'", ,' ,t) $#+a$! t' t)# 5al,!,ty '( t)# R&l#. T)# R&l#
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
25/73Page 25
a-t&ally "$'5,!#% t)# a #$ '( 5#$,(,-at,' '( #;#-&t,' . It
,% a -' !,t,' "$#-#!# t ('$ t)# "&$"'%# '( #;#-&t,' a !
$#+,%t$at,' . I t)# a/%# -# '( a y $&l# t' '", # t)at /y '
%t$#t-) '( , a+, at,' -a a -a -#llat,' !##! /# a--#"t#!
'$ $#+,%t#$#! /y t)# R#+,%t#$, + A&t)'$,ty !'#% 't a""#a$ t'
/# -'$$#-t. It %## % t' # t)at ,t )a% /## /$'a!ly %tat#!.
H# -#* I a '( t)# 5,# t)at +# #$al '/%#$5at,' % , %hota
Ganga &a'mi %&"$a: $# &,$#% t' /# -' %,!#$#! /y a la$+#$
# -).
27. Ha5, + %a,! t)at* I '&l! )a5# !,$#-t#! t)# R#+,%t$y t'
"la-# t)# "a"#$% /#('$# t)# H' @/l# t)# C),#( J&%t,-# ('$
-' %t,t&t,' '( t)# la$+#$ # -)* /&t I a -' %t$a, #! t'
$#(#$ t' -#$ta, 't)#$ (a-t% ),-) a$# , "#$at,5# t' /# %tat#!.
I t)# -a%# at )a ! t)# (a-t&al %-'$# t)at ,% #5, -,/l# ,% t)at
t)# S'-,#ty )a! #;#-&t#! a %al# !##! , (a5'&$ '( t)# 't)#$
'( t)# a""#lla t ' 22.2.1 62. A% t)# -' %t$&-t,' a% 't
$a,%#! a ! t)#$# a% 5,'lat,' * a% -la, #! /y t)# %'-,#ty* ,t
#;#-&t#! t)# E;t, +&,%) # t D##! !at#! . .2001 a !
-a -#ll#! t)# %al# !##! !at#! 22.2.1 62. O t)# %t$# +t) '(
t)# E;t, +&,%) # t D##!* t)# S'-,#ty #;#-&t#! a !
$#+,%t#$#! a %al# !##! , (a5'&$ '( 't)#$ "$,5at# $#%"' !# t%
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
26/73Page 26
a ! (&$t)#$ t$a %a-t,' % t''> "la-#. A% t)# (a-t&al at$,;
'&l! $#5#al* t)# !,%"&t# $a,%#! /y t)# a""#lla t & !#$
S#-t,' 64 '( t)# 1 60 A-t ,% %t,ll "# !, + /#('$# t)#
-' "#t# t a&t)'$,ty ('$ a! &!,-at,' . T)# %a,! a&t)'$,ty
)a% t)# &$,%!,-t,' t' )'l! )#t)#$ -a -#llat,' '( t)#
all't # t a!# , (a5'&$ '( t)# 't)#$ '( t)# a""#lla t a%
&%t,(,#! , la . T)# %a,! '$!#$ ,% (&$t)#$ %&/ #-t t' a""#al
a ! 't)#$ "$'-##!, +% a !* t)#$#('$#* I $#($a, ($'
a!5#$t, + t' t)# %a #.
2 . I t),% $#+a$!* I ay $#(#$ ,t) "$'(,t t' t)# '$!#$ !at#!
J&ly 17* 2013 ' ),-) $#l,a -# )a% /## "la-#! /y t)#
$#%"' !# t%* "a%%#! , Satya (al Anan! v. (un+a#i
ousing ooperative Society - thers 7 . I t)# %a,! -a%#*
t)# C'&$t )a% ta># 't# '( t)# !,%"&t# "# !, + /#('$# t)#
R#+,%t$a$ & !#$ S#-t,' 64 '( t)# 1 60 A-t* %t,' , + t)#
l#+al,ty '( t)# #;#-&t,' '( t)# E;t, +&,%) # t D##! a !
all't # t '( t)# "$'"#$ty , !,%"&t# , (a5'&$ '( 't)#$
$#%"' !# t%. B),l# !#al, + ,t) t)# (a-t& '( a""', t # t
'( $#-#,5#$* t)# C'&$t )a% '/%#$5#! t)&%
7 SLP(C) N ! 13255 " 2012
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
27/73Page 27
8B# &%t al%' # t,' )#$#, t)at !&$, + t)#"# !# -y '( t)#%# "$'-##!, +%* t)# %#-' !$#%"' !# t %'l! t)# "$'"#$ty , (a5'&$ '( $#%"' !# t '%. 4 a ! = /y %al# !##! !at#!
11.7.2006. It a""#a$% t)at t)# S&/ R#+,%t$a$ ', %"#-t,' '( t)# !,%"&t#! "l't ('& ! t)at t)#$#
#$# t ' -' %t$&-t#! !&"l#; a ! t ' '$# #a$-' "l#t,' a% ' t)# !at# '( , %"#-t,' ,.#. '13.03.2007 '( ),-) ' # a% '--&",#! /y $#%"' !# t '.4.
It &%t /# $# # /#$#! t)at t)# , %ta t
"$'-##!, +% a$,%# '&t '( t)# , t#$l'-&t'$y "$'-##!, +% %##>, + a""', t # t '( t)# $#-#,5#$at t)# , %ta -# '( t)# "#t,t,' #$ )#$#, . Ha5, +$#+a$! t' t)# (a-t t)at $#%"' !# t '. 4 a% ,"'%%#%%,' '( t)# "$'"#$ty , !,%"&t# at l#a%t%, -# 13.03.2007 a! ,tt#!ly a ! al%' )a5, +$#+a$! t' t)# (a-t t)at t)# "#t,t,' #$ $#-#,5#! aa '& t '( R%.6*=0*000 # !' 't %## a y
&%t,(,-at,' ('$ t)# a""', t # t '( t)# $#-#,5#$.9
2 . I )a5# 't#! t),% a%"#-t a% t)# -'& %#l ('$ t)#
$#%"' !# t )a% ),+)l,+)t#! t)# %a,! a%"#-t ('$ t '
"&$"'%#%* a #ly* a !,%"&t# /#('$# t)# a""$'"$,at# ('$& ,%
"# !, + ('$ a! &!,-at,' a ! t)at t)# a""#lla t )a! # t#$#!
, t' a -' "$' ,%# ,t) t)# $#%"' !# t%. It ,% al%' &$+#!
t)at t)# -' "$' ,%# a% # t#$#! , t' t' /&y "#a-#. T)&%*
t)# a""#lla t )a% $a,%#! a !,%"&t#* a--#"t#! t)# ' #y ($'
t)# %&/%# t "&$-)a%#$% a ! '5#! t)# a&t)'$,ty & !#$
t)# A-t t' -a -#l t)# !##! '( #;t, +&,%) # t. I %&-) a
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
28/73Page 28
%,t&at,' * , y 5,# * t)# $,t -'&$t )a% $,+)tly !#-l, #! t'
#;#$-,%# t)# &$,%!,-t,' .
30. I 5,# '( t)# ('$#+', + a aly%,%* ),l# 't (, !, + a y
#$$'$ ' t)# (a-t&al %-'$# '( t)# !,% ,%%al '( t)# $,t
"#t,t,' /y t)# H,+) C'&$t* a% %tat#! #a$l,#$* I a '( t)#
5,# t)at t)# "$, -,"l# /y ay '( +# #$al '/%#$5at,' % %tat#!
, %hota Ganga &a'mi %&"$a: $# &,$#% -' %,!#$at,' /y a
la$+#$ # -) a !* t)#$#('$#* t)# "a"#$% /# "la-#! /#('$# t)#
H' @/l# t)# C),#( J&%t,-# ('$ -' %t,t&t,' '( a la$+#$ # -).
.............................J.
D,"a> M,%$aK
N# D#l),A&+&%t 2=* 201=
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
29/73Page 29
REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO. 6673 OF 2014 (Ari i!" O#$ %& SLP (C' N%. )02 %& 2012'
SAT*A PAL ANAND +++APPELLANT
V .
STATE OF M.P. AND ORS. +++RESPONDENTS
J U D , M E N T
V. ,OPALA ,O-DA J.
I have gone through the judgment of my
learned brother Judge, Justice Dipak Misra,
wherein certain relevant facts have been
adverted to by my learned brother on the
contentious legal issues urged on behalf of the
parties. My learned brother has also adverted
to the relevant provisions under Sections !,
2
8/18/2019 void ab initio
30/73Page 30
", and # of the Indian $egistration %ct,
"&!'.
2! My learned brother Judge has also
referred to the full bench decision of the
%ndhra (radesh )igh *ourt in the case of
Yanala Malleshwari v. Anantula Sayamma 8 , the
judgment of the Madras )igh *ourt in the case
of E.R. Kalaivan v. Inspector General of
Registration !hennai " Anr. # and the
judgment of the +arnataka )igh *ourt in the
case of M. Rama$rishna Re%%y v. Su&
Registrar 'angalore " Anr.()
My learned
brother judge has also referred the decision
of this *ourt in the case of *hota Ganga
+a,mi " Anr. v. Government of An%hra -ra%esh
" rs. (( wherein the )igh *ourt of %ndhra
(radesh dismissed the rit (etition of the
appellant therein, relying on the -ull ench
decision of Yanala Malleshwari /supra0.
8 %I$ !!1 %( 219 %I$ !"! Madras "'10 %I$ !!! +arnataka 3411 / !"!0 "2 S** !1
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
31/73Page 31
3! I have also taken into consideration the
fact that the sale deed of the property in
dispute was e5ecuted by the Society in favour
of the mother of the appellant on .!#."&4
in respect of the plot involved in this
proceeding. 6he contention urged on behalf of
the Society is that as there was no
construction raised by the appellant or his
deceased mother on the said plot of land and
therefore, there has been a violation of the
ye7laws of the Society, as claimed by the
Society and hence, it has e5ecuted the
85tinguishment Deed dated !&.!'. !!" with
respect to the said plot of land and
cancelled the already registered absolute
sale deed in favour of the appellant9s mother
dated .!#."&4 .
4! :n the basis of the registration of the
85tinguishment Deed with respect to the said
plot of land, the subse;uent allotment of the
said plot of land took place and the sale
deed was registered by the society in favour
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
32/73Page 32
of Mrs. Manjeet +aur7respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
33/73Page 33
of the M.(. *o7operative Societies %ct, "&4!,
before the $egistrar of Societies. )ence, the
Special =eave (etition filed by the appellant
was dismissed by this *ourt. My learned
brother, in the present case has also based
his findings on similar reasons.
6! I respectfully dissent with the said view
taken by my learned brother Judge by giving
the following reasons.
7! It is an undisputed fact that the
respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
34/73Page 34
as her legal heirs to succeed her intestate
property comprising of the said plot of land.
8! Subse;uent to the death of the
appellant9s mother, the Society, represented
by its office bearer has e5ecuted an
e5tinguished deed dated !&.!'. !!",
unilaterally cancelling their already
registered sale7 deed with regard to the said
plot of land. 6hereafter, on the strength of
the e5tinguished deed, the Society e5ecuted a
registered sale deed dated ".!3. !!3 in
favour of respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
35/73Page 35
Indian $egistration %ct, "&!' read with
Section #" of the Specific $elief %ct, "&4#.
9! 6here is also a reference with regard to
the taking of the consideration amount of
$s.4,2!,!!!>7 by the appellant from the
respondent no.2 vide the e5ecution of the
Deed of *ompromise dated !4.!1. !!3. 6he
appellant has also raised a dispute in that
regard under Section 43 of the M.(.
*o7operative Societies %ct, "&4! before the
Sub7$egistrar, *o7operative Society, hopal
which is pending in respect of the said plot
of land. esides this, some of the
litigations between the parties are pending
before different forum i.e. Joint $egistrar,
*o7operative Society, State *o7operative
6ribunal and in the )igh *ourt.
"!. 6he appellant filed an application
before the Sub7$egistrar /$egistration0,
seeking the cancellation of the
e5tinguishment deed dated !&.!'. !!" e5ecuted
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
36/73Page 36
by the Society against the appellant9s plot
of land. y order dated '.!4. !!', the
Sub7$egistrar /$egistration0 dismissed the
application of the appellant, holding that
since the ;uestion of sustainability of the
e5tinguished deed dated !&.!'. !!" and
interpretation of *lause 3#/"0 of the
ye7=aws of Society are still pending before
Sub7$egistrar, *o7operative Society and
various other competent forum, the
jurisdiction of the Sub7$egistrar is limited
only to the e5tent to register the document.
6he Sub7$egistrar further held that if any of
the parties want its cancellation, then the
relevant party may file for the registration
of the cancellation deed with regard to the
said plot of land. 6he appellant filed an
application under Section 4& of the M.(.
*o7operative Societies %ct, "&4!, before the
Inspector Beneral, $egistration and the same
was dismissed on the ground that it is not
maintainable and further directed the
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
37/73Page 37
appellant to approach the competent court in
this regard. 6herefore, the aforesaid rit
(etition was filed before the )igh *ourt by
the appellant wherein he has ;uestioned the
correctness of the order dated "2.!&. !!'
passed by the Inspector Beneral,
$egistration, hopal wherein it has been held
that the Inspector Beneral of $egistration
has the powers of only general
superintendence over the registration
officers and to make $ules in that regard. )e
is however, not empowered to hear any
proceedings against the order of
Sub7$egistrar.
11. 6he )igh *ourt after adverting to the
aforesaid facts and noting the decision of
the -ull ench of the %ndhra (radesh )igh
*ourt in the judgment of Yanala Malleshwari
/supra0 and the judgment of the Madras )igh
*ourt in the case of E.R. Kalaivan v.
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
38/73Page 38
Inspector General of Registration (1 and
further, referring to Section "1/"0/b0 read
with $ule 4& of the $egistration %ct, "&!'
and $ules, and other judgments of this *ourt
in the cases of Government of 2.-. v. Ra/a
Mohamma% Amir Ahma% Khan (3 and Government of
2ttar -ra%esh v. Khan has held that as soon
as the registering officer has registered the
documents presented to him for registration,
his function of performance for such document
produced before him is over and therefore, he
becomes a functus officio and does not have
the power even to impound the document under
Section ## of the $egistration %ct, "&!'.
-urther, the )igh *ourt has referred to the
judgment of the +arnataka )igh *ourt in the
case of M. Rama$rishna Re%%y /supra0 and
dismissed the rit (etition filed by the
appellant in favour of the respondent
Society. 6he correctness of the same is
12 %I$ !"! Madras "'13 %I$ "&4" S* 1'1
3
8/18/2019 void ab initio
39/73Page 39
;uestioned in this *ivil %ppeal urging
various legal grounds.
" . )aving regard to the facts, the rival
legal contentions and the grounds urged in
the writ petition and in these proceedings on
behalf of the parties, the following ;uestion
of law would arise for my considerationC
? hether the appellant isentitled to seek for the reliefof cancellation of theregistered documents dated!&.!'. !!", ".!3. !!3 and
"".!1. !!4, registered withrespect to the immovableproperty, i.e. plot
8/18/2019 void ab initio
40/73Page 40
of the appellant, Smt. Aeeravali which was
registered on #!.!#."&4 . It is also not in
dispute that she died on " .!4."&'', leaving
behind the appellant and his sister to
succeed her intestate property. 6he
respondent7Society has also not disputed the
fact that the appellant is the legal heir of
the deceased Smt. Aeeravali %nand, in whose
favour the sale deed was e5ecuted for the
said plot of land.
"3. 6he said sale deed was unilaterally
cancelled by the Society by way of e5ecuting
an e5tinguishment deed dated !&.!'. !!", with
regard to the said plot of land and
thereafter, on the strength of such
e5tinguished deed, the Society again e5ecuted
a registered sale deed on ".!3. !!3 in
favour of respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
41/73Page 41
15. 6he contention urged by the appellant is
that the action of the Society and the
Sub7$egistrar, who has cancelled the
initially registered sale deed in favour of
Smt. Aeeravali %nand by registering the
e5tinguished deed unilaterally, is contrary
to the statutory provisions of the Indian
$egistration %ct, "&!'. In this regard, the
judgment of this *ourt in the case of *hota
Ganga +a,mi " Anr. /supra0 has been relied
upon, wherein this *ourt has held thusC
/ 3 . In our opinion, there was no needfor the appellants to approach thecivil court as the said cancellationdeed dated !37!'7 !!2 as well asregistration of the same was whollyvoid and non est and can be ignoredaltogether. -or illustration, if A transfers a piece of land to B by a
registered sale deed, then, if it isnot disputed that A had the title tothe land, that title passes to B onthe registration of the sale deed/retrospectively from the date of thee5ecution of the same0 and B thenbecomes the owner of the land. If A wants to subse;uently get that saledeed cancelled, he has to file a civilsuit for cancellation or else he canre;uest B to sell the land back to A
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
42/73Page 42
but by no stretch of imagination, cana cancellation deed be e5ecuted orregistered. 6his is unheard of in law.
). In this connection, we may alsorefer to $ule 4/ k 0/ i 0 relating to%ndhra (radesh under Section 4& of the$egistration %ct, "&!', which statesC
?/ i 0 6he registering officershall ensure at the time ofpreparation for registration ofcancellation deeds of previouslyregistered deed of conveyances
on sale before him that suchcancellation deeds are e5ecutedby all the e5ecutant andclaimant parties to thepreviously registered conveyanceon sale and that suchcancellation deed is accompaniedby a declaration showing naturalconsent or orders of a competent*ivil or )igh *ourt or State or*entral Bovernment annulling thetransaction contained in thepreviously registered deed ofconveyance on saleC
(rovided that the registeringofficer shall dispense with thee5ecution of cancellation deedsby e5ecutant and claimantparties to the previouslyregistered deeds of conveyanceson sale before him if thecancellation deed is e5ecuted bya *ivil Judge or a governmentofficer competent to e5ecutegovernment orders declaring theproperties contained in thepreviously registered conveyance
on sale to be government orassigned or endowment lands or
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
43/73Page 43
properties not registerable byany provision of law.@
% reading of the above $ule also
supports the observations wehave made above. It is only whena sale deed is cancelled by acompetent court that thecancellation deed can beregistered and that too afternotice to the parties concerned.In this case, neither is thereany declaration by a competentcourt nor was there any noticeto the parties. )ence, this $ulealso makes it clear that boththe cancellation deed as well asregistration thereof were whollyvoid and non est and meaninglesstransactions.@
16. -urther reliance has been placed upon
the decision of the Madras )igh *ourt in the
case of E.R. Kalaivan v. *he Inspector
General of Registration !hennai " Anr.
/supra0 wherein the powers of the $egistrar
with regard to the cancellation of the
document have been elaborately discussed. 6he
relevant paras of the case read thusC
?" . In this conte5t, we may alsorefer to Section # % of the Indian
$egistration %ct providing that allsuch deeds shall be signed by the
4
http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26544','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','26544','1');
8/18/2019 void ab initio
44/73Page 44
vendor as well as the purchaser andthe same shall also bear the fingerprints and photographs. Section #3 ofthe %ct also needs a reference,
whereby the $egistering %uthority ismandated to hold an en;uiry in respectof the validity of the documentpresented for registration. )avingregard to the above provisions, in ouropinion, a registered sale deed, ifsought to be cancelled, registrationof such deed must be at the instance
of both the parties viE., bilaterallyand not unilaterally. Section #3% ofthe %ct, whereby the $egistering%uthority is to en;uire whether or notsuch document was e5ecuted by thepersons by whom it purports to havebeen e5ecuted. % sale is essentiallyan e5ecuted contract between two
parties on mutual agreed conditions.Fuestion is as to whether suchcontract can be unilaterallyrescinded, particularly, in a case ofsale deed. In this conte5t, we mayrefer to Section 4 of the Indian*ontract %ct, "'1 which provides thatcontract which need not be performed.
y that provision, any novation,rescission and alteration of acontract can be made only bilaterally.% deed of cancellation will amount torescission of contract and if theissue in ;uestion is viewed from theapplication of Section 4 of theIndian *ontract %ct, any rescissionmust be only bilaterally. See !ity
4
http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','15398','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','15398','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','15398','1');http://fnopenglobalpopup%28%27/ba/disp.asp','15398','1');
8/18/2019 void ab initio
45/73Page 45
'an$ 4.A. v. Stan%ar% !hartere% 'an$ an% rs. / !!3 /"0 S** " 0.
GGG GGG GGG
"&. 6hat apart, on the facts of thiscase, our attention is not drawn toany of the specific provision underthe $egistration %ct empowering the$egistrar to entertain a document ofcancellation for registration on theground that the sale consideration wasnot paid and conse;uently, received bythe vendor. -urther, in our opinion,when the $egistrar satisfies himselfon the perusal of the document,wherein it is stated that the fullsale consideration is received and on
such satisfaction, entertain thedocument for registration, cannotthereafter be conferred with a powerfor cancellation of the deed on theground that the full saleconsideration was not paid andreceived by the vendor. *onferringsuch power on the $egistrar would
tantamount to conferring a power todecide the disputed ;uestions. 6hatapart, as already stated, in theabsence of any provision specificallyempowering the $egistrar to entertaina document of cancellation forregistration, without the signature ofboth the vendor and the purchaser, the
deed cannot be entertained. -or thesaid reason, we find no infirmity in
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
46/73Page 46
the impugned circular issued by theInspector Beneral of $egistration.@
17. 6hus, the decision of this *ourt and the
Madras )igh *ourt in the cases referred to
supra, aptly apply to the fact situation of
the present case. In the present case also
such an e5tinguishment deed, which is
unilaterally registered would be rescinded,
particularly, in the case of sale deed or
e5tinguishment deed. In this conte5t, Section
4 of the Indian *ontract %ct, "'1 would
come into play which provides that if the
parties to a contract agree to substitute a
new contract for it, or to rescind or alter
it, the original contract need not be
performed. 6hus, for any novation, rescission
and alteration of the contract, it can be
made only bilaterally and with the amicable
consent of both the parties. 6hus, a deed of
cancellation of the earlier registered sale
deed e5ecuted in favour of the Smt. Aeeravali
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
47/73Page 47
%nand would amount to an illegal rescission
of the absolute sale deed because if the
issue in ;uestion is viewed from the
application of Section 4 of the Indian
*ontract %ct, "'1 , then it is clear that any
rescission must be done only bilaterally.
"'. In the case on hand, undisputedly, the
e5tinguishment deed dated !&.!'. !!" and the
cancellation of the sale deed dated
.!#."&4 in respect of the said plot of
land involved in this case is unilaterally
done by applying the clause 3#/"0 of the
ye7laws of the Society which has been
amended in the year "&&" bearing
Bram 3 dated ! .!"."&& ,
communicated to the Society by the Deputy
$egistrar, *o7operative Society, hopal. 6he
said clause cannot have a retrospective
effect with regard to the cancellation of the
sale deed in the name of the mother of the
appellant and for e5ecuting e5tinguished deed
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
48/73Page 48
with regard to the said plot of land as the
cancellation deed which was registered on
!&.!'. !!" is only a subterfuge. 6he said
clause of the Society by7laws, cannot
override the statutory provisions under
Section #" of the Specific $elief %ct, "&4#.
Section #" of the Specific $elief %ct reads
thusC
? 31. - ! ! $i%! 5 %r8 r 89 (1' %ny person against whoma written instrument is void orvoidable, and who has reasonable
apprehension that such instrument,if left outstanding may cause himserious injury, may sue to have itadjudged void or voidableH and thecourt may, in its discretion, soadjudge it and order it to bedelivered up and cancelled.
(2' If the instrument has beenregistered under the Indian$egistration %ct, "&!' /"4 of "&!'0,the court shall also send a copy ofits decree to the officer in whoseoffice the instrument has been soregisteredH and such officer shall
note on the copy of the instrument
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
49/73Page 49
contained in his books the fact ofits cancellation.@
19. 6herefore, the unilateral cancellation
of the sale deed with regard to the said plot
of land against the appellant is contrary to
the provisions as provided under Section #"
of the Specific $elief %ct, "&4# read with
%rticle 2& of the =imitation %ct, "&4#,
wherein the cancellation of any instrument
can be done only within three years, when
the facts entitling the plaintiff to have the
instrument or decree cancelled or set aside
or the contract rescinded first become known
to him9. 6herefore, the respondent7Society
had no right to unilaterally cancel the
absolute sale deed e5ecuted in favour of the
appellant9s mother in the year "&4 with
regard to the said plot of land in the year
!!" after lapse of more than #& years which
is totally impermissible in law, both for the
Society and the Sub7$egistrar. 6he respondent
4
8/18/2019 void ab initio
50/73Page 50
has neither any authority under the
provisions of the $egistration %ct, "&!' nor
under Section #" of the Specific $elief %ct,
"&4# read with %rticle 2& of the =imitation
%ct, "&4# to unilaterally cancel the sale
deed without the authority of law and as such
the registration of the document by the
sub7$egistrar amounts to playing fraud on the
power provided to him under law which is
ultra vires the relevant statutory provisions
and the *onstitution of India. -urther
reliance has been placed upon the judgment of
the *onstitution ench of this *ourt in the
case of -ratap Singh v. State of -un/a& (5
wherein the *onstitution ench, with
reference to the )ouse of =ords, has clearly
laid down the aforesaid principle as under C
/6. If this were put aside, the secondground of attack on the orders may beviewed from two related aspects ofultra vires pure and simple andsecondly as an infraction of the rulethat every power vested in a publicbody or authority has to be used
honestly, bona fide and reasonably,14 %I$ "&43 S* 1
5
8/18/2019 void ab initio
51/73Page 51
though the two often slide into eachother. 6hus Sir =yman Duff, speaking/in Municipal Council of Sydney v.Campbell 0 in the conte5t of an
allegation that the statutory powervested in a municipal corporation toac;uire property had been used in badfaith which was held to have beenproved, statedC
?% body such as the Municipal*ouncil of Sydney, authorised totake land compulsorily forspecified purposes, will not bepermitted to e5ercise its powersfor different purposes, and if itattempts to do so, the *ourts willinterfere. %s =ord =oreburn said,in Mar;uess of *lanricarde v.*ongested Districts oard
hether it does so or not isa ;uestion of fact.K herethe proceedings of the*ouncil, are attacked uponthis ground, the partyimpeaching those proceedingsmust, of course, prove thatthe *ouncil, thoughprofessing to e5ercise itspowers for the statutorypurpose, is in fact employingthem in furtherance of some
ulterior object.@
Similarly, in Short v. PooleCorporation (ollock M.$. observedC
?6he appellants /represented beforethe *ourt by Maugham +.*. afterwards =ord Maugham0 do notcontest the proposition that where
an authority is constituted understatute to carry out7statutory
5
8/18/2019 void ab initio
52/73Page 52
powers with which is entrustedit, ... if an attempt is made toe5ercise those powers corruptly asunder the influence of bribery, or
mala fides for some improperpurpose, such an attempt must fail.It is null and voidC see $eg. v.Bovernors of Darlington School@.
In the same case arrington, =.J. saidC?
8/18/2019 void ab initio
53/73Page 53
the already registered sale deed in favour of
the appellant9s mother in the year "&4 which
was an absolute sale deed. -urther,
registering the sale deed on ".!3. !!3 in
favour of respondent no.2, who in turn sold
the said plot of land in favour of respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
54/73Page 54
stated that the deprivation of property
without the authority of law is totally
impermissible in law. Merely because the
cancellation of the void e5tinguishment deed
with regard to the said plot of land and the
subse;uent sale deed e5ecuted in favour of
the respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
55/73Page 55
22. 6he scope of the powers of this *ourt under
%rticle "#4 of the *onstitution of India has
been discussed in a catena of cases. In the
case of Arunachalam v. -.S.R. Sa%hanantham an%
Anr. (6 , *hinappa $eddy, J. observed as underC
?3.... %rticle "#4 of the *onstitution ofIndia invests the Supreme *ourt with aplenitude of plenary, appellate power over
all *ourts and 6ribunals in India. 6hepower is plenary in the sense that thereare no words in %rticle "#4 itself;ualifying that power. ut, the very natureof the power has led the *ourt to setlimits to itself within which to e5ercisesuch power. It is now the well establishedpractice of this *ourt to permit theinvocation of the power Lnder%rticle "#4 only in very e5ceptionalcircumstances, as when a ;uestion of law ofgeneral public importance arises or adecision shocks the conscience of the*ourt. ut within the restrictions imposedby itself, this *ourt has the undoubtedpower to interfere even with findings offact making no distinction between judgmentof ac;uittal and conviction, if the )igh*ourt, in arriving at those findings, hasacted perversely or otherwiseimproperly ....@
More recently, in the case of Ganga Kumar
Shrivastav v. State of 'ihar (7 , this *ourt
15 /"&1&0 S** &116 / !!20 4 S** ""
5
8/18/2019 void ab initio
56/73Page 56
laid down the following principles as regards
the power of this *ourt under %rticle "#4C
?"!.
.....
#) 6he powers of this *ourt Lnder%rticle "#4 of the *onstitution are very wide but in criminal appeals this *ourtdoes not interfere with the concurrentfindings of the fact save in exceptionalcircumstances.
##) It is open to this *ourt to interferewith the findings of fact given by the)igh *ourt if the )igh *ourt hasacted perversely or otherwise improperly.
###) It is open to this *ourt to invoke the
power Lnder %rticle "#4 only in very exceptional circumstances as and when a;uestion of law of general publicimportance arises or a decision shocksthe conscience of the Court.
#$) hen the evidence adduced by theprosecution fell short of the test of reliability and acceptability and as suchit is highly unsafe to act upon it.
$) here the appreciation of evidence andfinding is vitiated by any error of lawof procedure or found contrary to theprinciples of natural justice, errors ofrecord and misreading of the evidence,or where the conclusions of the i!hCourt are manifestly perverse and
unsupportable from the evidence onrecord."
5
8/18/2019 void ab initio
57/73Page 57
%s can be seen from the above case law, the
power vested with this *ourt is ;uite wide
and the *ourt can e5amine any case to prevent
miscarriage of justice.
23. 6herefore, the )igh *ourt ought to have
granted the relief to the appellant by
holding that the e5tinguishment deed e5ecuted
with regard to the appellant9s said plot of
land on !&.!'. !!", without following the
procedure contemplated under Section #"/"0 N
/ 0 of the Specific $elief %ct, "&4# and
Section 23 of the 6ransfer of (roperty %ct,
"'' , is void ab initio in law. 6he same is
re;uired to be interfered with by this *ourt
in e5ercise of its appellate jurisdiction as
there is a grave miscarriage of justice and
the septuagenarian appellant has been
suffering unnecessarily for the past "3 years
at the hands of the Society and the
5
8/18/2019 void ab initio
58/73Page 58
Sub7$egistrar, who have violated the
provisions of law and deprived the appellant
of his valuable constitutional right
guaranteed under %rticle #!!% of the
*onstitution of India upon the said property.
6herefore, the appellant is entitled for the
relief as prayed for in this appeal.
3. 6he contention urged on behalf of the
respondents, namely that this *ourt has
already dismissed the S=(
8/18/2019 void ab initio
59/73Page 59
e5tinguishment deed and the subse;uent sale
deed e5ecuted by Society in favour of
respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
60/73Page 60
25. In so far as the document of compromise
deed dated !4.!1. !!3 is concerned, the sum
of $s.4,2!,!!!>7 allegedly voluntarily
received by the appellant from the respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
61/73Page 61
said notice is e5tracted hereunder which
reads thusC7
?3.6hat after receipt of money byyou frivolous disputes are beingraised by you. y raisingunnecessary disputes you haveviolated compromise dated 4.1. !!3.6herefore, my client beingconstrained /makes demand of theamount paid to you0. 6herefore, you
are liable to return and pay to myclient the amount of $s.4,2!,!!!>7/$upees si5 lakh and fiftythousand0.
6herefore, by means of the noticeyou are informed that the amount of
$s.4,2!,!!!>7 /$upees si5 lakh andfifty thousand0 and interestthereon at bank rate from date ofreceipt till the date of payment bereturned to my client within #!days of receipt of this notice andobtain a receipt in writing afterthe said period my client shall be
entitled to take action before youin the court of law in accordancewith lawO@
In view of the aforesaid demand notice,
since the agreement has been rescinded, it
does not subsist and the )igh *ourt by
6
8/18/2019 void ab initio
62/73Page 62
placing reliance upon the same has committed
an error in fact and in law and has
wrongfully denied the relief to the appellant
even though the same was brought to the
notice of the )igh *ourt by the appellant in
the proceedings before it. -or the reasons
stated supra, I have to grant the reliefs in
favour of the appellant as prayed by him and
;uash the e5tinguishment deed dated
!&.!'. !!" along with the subse;uent sale
deeds registered in favour of the respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
63/73Page 63
the absolute sale deed registered in favour
of the appellant9s mother, the appellant has
ac;uired a valid and absolute title to the
property in ;uestion and the same could not
have been cancelled by the respondent Society
and the Sub7$egistrar as it is void ab initio
in law. )ence, the )igh *ourt should have
responsibly e5ercised its e5traordinary
jurisdiction and should have e5amined the
documents of the sale deed with respect to
the relevant provisions of the M.(
*o7operative Societies %ct and $ules, "&4
and the ye7laws of the Society. 6he
cancellation of the sale deed e5ecuted in
favour of the appellant9s mother in the year
"&4 by way of the e5tinguishment deed could
not have been registered by the Sub7$egistrar
as he is not empowered to do so. )ence, for
want of the competent jurisdiction, in
registering such document, the )igh *ourt
should have e5ercised its e5traordinary
jurisdiction to annul the e5tinguishment deed
6
8/18/2019 void ab initio
64/73Page 64
and the transactions of the subse;uent sale
deeds, which has not been done by it.
$eliance has been placed upon the decision of
this *ourt in the case of !AG v. K.S.
agannathan (9 wherein it has been held thusC
?"&. 8ven had the Division enchissued a writ of mandamus giving thedirections which it did, ifcircumstances of the case justifiedsuch directions, the )igh *ourt wouldhave been entitled in law to do so foreven the courts in 8ngland could haveissued a writ of mandamus giving suchdirections. %lmost a hundred andthirty years ago, Martin, ., in Mayor of #ochester v. #e!ina saidC
? ut, were there no authority
upon the subject, we should beprepared upon principle to affirmthe judgment of the *ourt ofFueen9s ench. 6hat court haspower, by the prerogative writ ofmandamus, to amend all errorswhich tend to the oppression ofthe subject or othermisgovernment, and ought to beused when the law has provided nospecific remedy, and justice andgood government re;uire thatthere ought to be one for thee5ecution of the common law orthe provisions of a statuteC
Comyn$s %i!est , Mandamus/%0.... Instead of beingastute to discover reasons
17 /"&'40 S** 41&
6
8/18/2019 void ab initio
65/73Page 65
for not applying this greatconstitutional remedy forerror and misgovernment, wethink it our duty to be
vigilant to apply it inevery case to which, by anyreasonable construction, itcan be made applicable.@
6he principle enunciated in the abovecase was approved and followed in &in! v. #evisin! Barrister for the Borou!hof anley . In ochtief 'ammon casethis *ourt pointed out that the powersof the courts in relation to theorders of the government or an officerof the government who has beenconferred any power under any statute,which apparently confer on themabsolute discretionary powers, are notconfined to cases where such power ise5ercised or refused to be e5ercisedon irrelevant considerations or on
erroneous ground or mala fide, and insuch a case a party would be entitledto move the )igh *ourt for a writ ofmandamus. In Padfield v. Minister of A!riculture, (isheries and (ood the)ouse of =ords held that where(arliament had conferred a discretionon the Minister of %griculture,-isheries and -ood, to appoint acommittee of investigation so that itcould be used to promote the policyand objects of the %griculturalMarketing %ct, "&2', which were to bedetermined by the construction of the%ct which was a matter of law for thecourt and though there might bereasons which would justify theMinister in refusing to refer acomplaint to a committee ofinvestigation, the Minister9sdiscretion was not unlimited and if it
6
8/18/2019 void ab initio
66/73
8/18/2019 void ab initio
67/73Page 67
in any other fit and proper case a)igh *ourt can, in the e5ercise of itsjurisdiction under %rticle 4, issuea writ of mandamus or a writ in the
nature of mandamus or pass orders andgive directions to compel theperformance in a proper and lawfulmanner of the discretion conferredupon the government or a publicauthority, and in a proper case, inorder to prevent injustice resultingto the concerned parties, the courtmay itself pass an order or givedirections which the government or thepublic authority should have passed orgiven had it properly and lawfullye5ercised its discretion.@
/8mphasis laid by me0
26. -urther reliance has been placed upon the
decision of this *ourt in the case of An%i
Mu$ta Sa%guru Shree Mu$ta/ee :an%as Swami
Suvarna ayanti Mahotsav Smara$ *rust v. :.R.
Ru%ani (8 wherein it has been held thusC
? !. 6he term ?authority@ used in%rticle 4, in the conte5t, mustreceive a liberal meaning unlike theterm in %rticle " . %rticle " isrelevant only for the purpose ofenforcement of fundamental rightsunder %rticle # . %rticle 4 conferspower on the )igh *ourts to issuewrits for enforcement of thefundamental rights as well as
18 /"&'&0 S** 4&"
6
8/18/2019 void ab initio
68/73Page 68
non7fundamental rights. 6he words?any person or authority@ used in%rticle 4 are, therefore, not to beconfined only to statutory
authorities and instrumentalities ofthe State. 6hey may cover any otherperson or body performing publicduty. 6he form of the body concernedis not very much relevant. hat isrelevant is the nature of the dutyimposed on the body. 6he duty must bejudged in the light of positiveobligation owed by the person orauthority to the affected party.
8/18/2019 void ab initio
69/73Page 69
the purpose of fulfillingpublic responsibilities.@
. )ere again we may point out that
mandamus cannot be denied on theground that the duty to be enforcedis not imposed by the statute.*ommenting on the development of thislaw, (rofessor de Smith statesC ?6obe enforceable by mandamus a publicduty does not necessarily have to beone imposed by statute. It may besufficient for the duty to have beenimposed by charter, common law,custom or even contract.@1 e sharethis view. 6he judicial control overthe fast e5panding maEe of bodiesaffecting the rights of the peopleshould not be put into watertightcompartment. It should remainfle5ible to meet the re;uirements ofvariable circumstances. Mandamus is avery wide remedy which must be easily
available ?to reach injusticewherever it is found@. 6echnicalitiesshould not come in the way ofgranting that relief under %rticle
4. e, therefore, reject thecontention urged for the appellantson the maintainability of the writpetition.@
27. -urther, this *ourt has laid down the
following principles with respect to the writ
of certiorari in the 1 judge bench decision in
the case of 0ari :ishnu Kamath v. Ahma%
Isha;ue (# C
19 %I$ "&22 S* ##
6
8/18/2019 void ab initio
70/73Page 70
?O./"0 *ertiorari will be issued forcorrecting errors of jurisdiction,as when an inferior *ourt or
6ribunal acts without jurisdiction orin e5cess of it, or fails toe5ercise it.
/ 0 *ertiorari will also be issuedwhen the *ourt or 6ribunal acts
illegally in the e5ercise of itsundoubted jurisdiction, as when itdecides without giving anopportunity to the parties to beheard, or violates the principlesof natural justice.
/#0 6he court issuing a writ ofcertiorari acts in e5ercise of asupervisory and not appellatejurisdiction. :ne conse;uence ofthis is that the court will notreview findings of facts reached by
the inferior *ourt or 6ribunal, evenif they be erroneous.
/30 %n error in the decision ordetermination itself may alsobe amenable to a writ of certiorariif it is a manifest error apparent onthe face of the proceedings, e.g.,when it is based on clear ignoranceor disregard of the provisions oflaw. In other words, it is a patenterror which can be corrected by
certiorari but not a mere wrongdecision. hat is an error apparenton the face of the record cannot bedefined precisely or e5haustively,there being an element ofindefiniteness inherent in its verynature, and it must be left to bedetermined judicially on the facts ofeach case.@
7
8/18/2019 void ab initio
71/73Page 71
'. 6hus, the )igh *ourt has failed to e5ercise
its discretionary power which has resulted in a
grave miscarriage of justice, thereby,
depriving the valuable constitutional right
guaranteed under %rticle #!!% of the
*onstitution of India to the appellant. I,
hereby, set aside the said order of the learned
single Judge of the )igh *ourt and ;uash the
impugned instruments i.e. the e5tinguishment
deed dated !&.!'. !!" and the subse;uent sale
deeds dated ".!3. !!3 and "".!1. !!4 and
further direct the respondent
8/18/2019 void ab initio
72/73Page 72
sale deed in respect of the property in
;uestion e5ecuted in favour of his deceased
mother.
29. 6he appeal is allowed in the above terms.
+++++++++++++++++++++++J. :V.,OPALA ,O-DA;
N < D i A#"# $ 2) 201)
7
8/18/2019 void ab initio
73/73
R =%r$
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NO.6673 OF 2014
S $ P A! !8 A== !$( '
V r #
S$ $ %& M.P. !8 O$ r R =%!8 !$( '
O R D E R
I! >i < %& $ 8i&& r ! %& %=i!i%! $< !
# $ R "i $r i 8ir $ 8 $% = $ 5 $$ r &%r
H%!? $ C i & J# $i %& I!8i % $ $ !
==r%=ri $ B ! %# 8 %! $i$#$ 8 &%r ri!" $
5 $$ r.
......................J.
(Di= @ Mi r '
......................J.
7