Volcano

Hw and RQ

Questions

• Could Mt. St. Helens erupt again?

• Does the lava come from the liquid core of the Earth?

• Is every mountain a volcano?

• How many active volcanoes are there in the world?

More Questions

• What makes a volcano erupt?

• Was Mt. Lassen the only mountain that had an eruption in California?

• How hot can a volcano get?

• Why don’t they built concrete channels like the Japanese at Mt. St. Helens to divert the flows?

The good questions keep coming…

• How can an under water volcano occur?

• What would the Earth be so different if there were no volcanoes?

• What is so special about crater lake? How was it created?

Wow! more good questions

• Are eruptions of volcanoes always connected to earthquakes?

• What does geologic time mean?

• Am I related to Mt. Baker?

• How can fire come out an underwater volcano?

There is no end to good questions

• What makes up the ash?

• Why aren’t volcanoes the same all over?

• What is the biggest/strongest volcano?

• Why are volcanoes located only at certain places in the world?

Which volcanoes…

• Produced lava

• Effected a wide area

• Produced mostly ash

Were all of the volcanoes that produced only ash and rocks dangerous?

Homework

• New Handout (Section 7.1-7.2)

• Section 7.1– All Questions except 4

Section 7.2questions 1-6 and 10

1) What type of volcano is this?

2) What kind of lava is this?

3a) What type of lava is this?

3b) What type of lava is this?

3c) Is the composition of this lava more felsic or mafic if it comes from oceanic

rock?

4) What type of volcano shouldMt. Baker be?

5) What type of volcano should this mountain be?

6) Where is this located, and how was it formed?

7) What kind of flow do you see in the picture?

8) What kind of flow are these?

9) What is this type of flow?

10)What is this, that was caused by the collapse of a magma chamber?

11) What volcanic feature is this?

12) What volcanic feature is this?

13) What volcanic feature is this?

14)What benefits does this volcanic feature provide to living beings?

What are the differences and similarities between:

• Fumaroles• Geysers• Hot Springs• Mud-pots

Which volcanoes…

• Produced lava

• Effected a wide area

• Produced mostly ash

Were all of the volcanoes that produced only ash and rocks dangerous?

• Which hazard moves fastest?

• Pryoclastic flow

• What are the differences between a tsunami and a ocean wave

• Height

• Breadth

• What it can carry

• Origin (ocean waves are generated by wind)

• Climate change from a volcanic eruption?

• Ash put into upper atmosphere• Ash blocks sun• Less heat lowers temperature• Snow does not melt, glaciers grow

Where do volcanoes come from?

• Occur near – Diverging Boundaries– Converging Boundaries– Hot Spots

There must be a source of magma to draw from in order to create a volcano

What is the difference between magma and lava?

• Ans

• Magma is molten rock in earth, lava is molten rock on earth

What is the difference between a crater and a caldera?

• Ans

• Caldera are much wider across, caused by the collapse of the mountain when its magma chamber is emptied through eruption

• Crater is the smaller depression created around the vent opening on the volcano

• Volcano that is most dangerous to humans

• Composite volcano

• Where and under what conditions do diamonds form?

• What is the difference in silica content and viscosity between light-colored and dark-colored magma?

How does temperature affect viscosity of magma?

Why are composite volcanoes so much more dangerous than shield volcanoes?

What makes lava either flowing smoothly or highly viscous?

What color would you expect the lava rock to be from a shield volcano that formed in the middle of the Indian Ocean? Why?

How can ash falling 300 miles from a volcanic eruption cause any damage or injury?

Compare the dangers of a lava flow, a volcanic mud flow and a pyroclastic flow in terms of composition, speed, and temperature?

If a steep 12,000 ft high mountain is built up of sediments that contain both lava and ash dominated layers would most likely be classified as a _____________ volcano.

Can the eruption of a single volcano affect the ecosystems of the entire world? Explain your answer.

List at least 5 different dangers that a person living on the shoreline in Seattle, Washington could be subjected to if Mt. Ranier has a major eruption?

What must be true about the inside of the moon for it to be volcanically active and produce large eruptions

How would an eruption on the moon differ from a earth-based eruption.?

The molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water deep in

Earth’s mantle is called ____________________.

• The more ____________________ that magma contains, the thicker the magma is.

• A(n) ____________________ is a wide, gently sloping mountain made of hardened layers of low-silica lava.

True or false• ____________ 9. A caldera is a weak spot in the crust where

magma comes through.• ____________ 10. Liquid magma flows upward through the crust

because it is less dense than the solid material around it.• ____________ 11. Pahoehoe and aa are produced during

explosive eruptions.• ____________ 12. A hot spring is hot water and steam that erupts

from the ground.• ____________ 13. When the top of a volcanic mountain collapses,

a crater forms.• ____________ 14. A batholith is a mass of rock that formed when

a large body of magma cooled inside Earth’s crust.

• Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a

• a. pipe. • b. caldera.• c. vent. • d. magma chamber

Which is not a physical property of magma from an explosive eruption?

• a. thick and sticky • b. high viscosity• c. flows easily • d. high in silica

• Volcanic soils are fertile because they contain• a. silica.• b. sulfur and liquid nitrogen.• c. basalt. • d. potassium and phosphorus.

• Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they

• cool and harden can build up a• a. lava plateau. • b. cinder cone volcano.• c. composite volcano. • d. volcanic neck.

• Explain why ash, cinders, and bombs are produced only in explosive eruptions, not in quiet eruptions.

• What is geothermal energy?

• How is it used?

• The most recent earthquake in Yellowstone National Park changed the volcanic activity there. Some geysers now erupt at different intervals than they did before. A few geysers have stopped erupting, and some new geysers have formed. Explain what might have happened during the earthquake to change the geyser activity.

The type of lava that is rich in silica, iron, and magnesium is

a. aa.b.mafic.c. pillow.d.felsic.

The feature labeled X in the diagram above is a

a. crater.b. hot spot.c. volcanic bulge.d. volcanic bomb.

The magma of shield volcanoes is rich ina. nitrogen and oxygen.b.silica.c. magnesium and iron.d.hydrogen.

The broad volcanic feature formed by quiet eruptions of thin lava flows is called a

a. cinder cone.b.Stratovolcano (composite).c. shield volcano.d.rift.

What usually happens to magma after it forms in the earth’s mantle?

a. It sinks deeper down.b.It stays where it forms.c. It spreads out sideways.d.It rises through cracks.

An opening in the earth’s surface through which molten rock flows is called a

a. fault.b.mantle.c. vent.d.caldera.

What is formed when a magma chamber empties and collapses?

a. a ventb.a craterc. a calderad.a fissure

What is the major piece of information used to determine if a volcano produced the ash found many miles away? Explain your answer

What are at least 2 differences between a pyroclastic flow and a lahar?

• Why are small earthquakes important warning signals of volcanic eruptions?