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Warm-Up Life in Ancient Egypt
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Words to Know
Fill in this table as you work through the lesson. You may also use the glossary to help you.
astronomy the study of objects beyond the Earth’s , such as stars and planets
embalming the process of a body, sometimes
through mummification
hieroglyph a character in an Egyptian system of that is based on picture symbols
papyrus a form of writing made from the papyrus plant
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Lesson Question
Lesson Goals
Learn about life in ancient Egypt.
Describe thestructure ofancient Egyptiansociety.
Determine thecentral ideas of atext by citingtextual evidence.
Explain the
beliefs and practices ofancient Egypt.
Identify the major
of ancient Egyptiansociety.
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Warm-Up Life in Ancient Egypt
Archaeological Digs
• Items found in archaeological digs help teach us about what daily was like in the past.
• This mummified cat was found in an ancient Egyptian tomb.
Words to Know
polytheism belief in more than one
pyramida structure with a square base and walls of four
that meet in a point at the top
religion a set of beliefs and regarding faith in a god or gods
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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The Geography of Ancient Egypt
Geography was important to the development of ancient Egypt.
• Mountains and protected Egypt from invaders.
• The created fertile soil and provided water, allowing food to
be grown.
• People worshipped the god of the Nile.
The Creation of the World
Ancient Egyptians believed that created the world.
According to ancient Egyptian beliefs:
• Ra rose from the ancient ocean and began naming things.
• All that Ra named appeared, and brought tears to his eyes.
• Ra’s tears fell to earth and grew into beings.
Polytheistic Religion
Religion was important to everyday life.
• Ancient Egyptians practiced polytheism, which is a belief in
gods.
• They believed that the gods controlled and the world around them.
The goal was to keep the gods happy so that life would remain good.
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Ra and Hapi
Ra and Hapi were considered of the ancient Egyptians.
• Ra was the creator and the god.
• Hapi was the god of and the Nile.
Isis and Osiris
Isis and Osiris were two of the most important gods. They were married.
• Isis was the goddess of .
• Osiris was the god of the .
Set and Anubis
Set and Anubis controlled the darker side of Egyptian life.
• Set was the god of . He killed Osiris.
• Anubis was the god of and tombs.
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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Daily Rituals
Early Egyptians gave daily offerings to the gods to keep them happy.
• Offerings included food and .
The Roles of Priests
Priests played many roles in society.
• People believed that priests could the actions of the gods.
• Priests were also healers and scientists.
• They provided medicines and even performed .
Religious Practices of Ancient Egypt
Gods Myths
Egyptianreligion
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The Importance of the Afterlife
Belief in an afterlife was a major part of early Egyptian religion.
• Priests performed rituals to help people prepare for life after death.
• preserved the body and was believed to help
the soul reach the afterlife.
Ancient Egyptians believed that life on Earth was just the .
The Pyramids
The Egyptian pyramids were built as , or burial places, for the pharaohs.
• A burial chamber, which was a special room for the body, was placed under the pyramid.
• Relatives and officials were buried nearby so they could join the pharaoh in the afterlife.
• Later tombs were decorated with paintings and , or writing with symbols.
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The Discovery of King Tutankhamen’s Tomb
REAL-WORLD CONNECTION
The tomb of King Tutankhamen was found by Howard Carter in 1922. It is important because it:
• was the only royal burial site that had not been , and it contained the first untouched royal mummy.
• showed the and technology of ancient Egypt.
King Tut’s tomb contained over five thousand artifacts.
Social Classes
Ancient Egypt had several social classes.
• Social class was based on religious beliefs and on in society.
• It was very to change social classes.
A social class is a group based on and on work that people do.
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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The Pharaoh
The pharaoh was the who controlled all parts of Egyptian society.
Pharaohs were:
• considered living .
• responsible for the government.
• responsible for supervising the creation and enforcement of laws.
• responsible for protecting Egypt.
Social Classes in Ancient Egypt
Circle the group that made up the upper class of Egyptian society. Draw a box around the levels of the pyramid that made up the middle class.
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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The Upper Classes
The upper classes were involved in government and religion
• Officials and nobles usually came from families and carried out the pharaoh’s wishes.
• were powerful because religion was part of everyday life
in Egypt.
Soldiers, Scribes, and Skilled Workers
The middle class in Egypt included:
• , who protected the kingdom.
• , who kept written records and mastered over seven
hundred hieroglyphs.
• skilled workers, who included merchants, traders, stone carvers, and other artisans.
Farmers and Enslaved Persons
The lower classes were .
• Farmers grew various crops, including barley, wheat, and flaxseed.
• Farmers used crops to pay taxes, and could be punished for a bad harvest.
• Most enslaved persons were from other countries and were
during wars.
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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Family Structure
Family was important in Egyptian society.
• Men were the of their families.
• Women usually ran the home and raised the children.
• Children were valued and for different jobs.
• Pets ranged from dogs and cats to wild animals such as baboons and monkeys.
The Role of Women
Women were important in Egyptian society.
• They had the rights as men.
• They could own land, file for divorce, and own businesses.
• They could be officials, doctors, or temple workers.
• -class women had enslaved people and servants to help
them with their daily duties.
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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Work for Men in Ancient Egypt
There were many jobs for men in Egyptian society.
• Government and priests assisted the pharaoh.
• People were involved in trading and producing goods.
• laborers included artisans who created the art for tombs
and temples.
Housing
Ancient Egyptians constructed a variety of houses.
• Most Egyptians lived in houses with a flat roof and three bedrooms.
• Wealthier Egyptians could build more expensive houses of .
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Farming
Ancient Egyptian farming techniques made farming successful in Egypt.
• They dug to move water from the Nile River to the fields.
• They developed the that helped them move water from
the canals to the crops.
Egyptian Achievements
Writing
Mathematics
Science
Majorachievementsof the ancient
Egyptians
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Written Language
Egyptians developed an advanced system of writing.
• Hieroglyphic writing is the system of ancient Egyptian writing that is
based on symbols.
• Ancient Egyptians used the plant to make paper.
Mathematics
Ancient Egyptians used mathematics to help them build great structures.
• They used geometry, multiplication, and .
• They were able to calculate how many were needed to build their great monuments.
Architecture
The ancient Egyptians were advanced builders.
• Tombs and monuments were made from that had been
transported many miles down the Nile River.
• The of Giza took over 20 years to construct and were
built by over 20,000 workers.
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Instruction Life in Ancient Egypt
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Science
The ancient Egyptians made many contributions to science.
• They developed a calendar with 365 days and studied
.
• They invented many simple machines, such as ramps and levers.
• They wrote texts.
• They perfected , or preservation, techniques for mummification.
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Summary Life in Ancient Egypt
Answer
Lesson Question What was life like in ancient Egypt??
Review: Key Concepts
Life in ancient Egypt revolved around religion, social class, occupation, and family.
2Slide
• Ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses, and in
an .
• The
ruled, supported by the priests.
• Social class was determined by occupation.
• Early Egyptians made many advancements in farming,
,
mathematics, architecture, and science.
Social structure AchievementsReligion
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Summary Life in Ancient Egypt
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