Warm Up
Story time and visual organizers!Follow along with the story about WWI.Write each nation/territory’s name on white
paperEach act of aggression: connect nations with
red/pink stripEach act of peace or alliance: connect nations
with green stripKeep track of the relationships!
Sample
U.S.
Germany
Great Britain
Free Write
What does your visual aid tell you about the start of WWI? Explain!
MR. PRO
U.S. in WWI
Warm Up
What is this propaganda trying to show/say?
Objective
Students will know the causes of WWI and the role of the U.S. early in the conflict.
MAIN Causes
MilitarismAlliancesImperialismNationalism
Militarism
Aggressive build up of military German Naval build up threatened British
Island nation Naval superiority
Caused Britain to align w. France and RussiaNew weapons caused further arms race
Tanks, machine guns, planes, zeppelins (blimps)
Alliances
Germany unified in 1871 Waged war against France
France lost land = enemies! Germany allied with Italy and Austria-Hungary
Triple Alliance
Russia threatened by alliance 1894: Franco-Russian Alliance Early 1900’s: Triple Entente (GB, France, Russia)
Imperialism
Competition for colonies = more tension Ex. Scramble for Africa
Tension between rulers and the ruled Ex. Bosnians in Austrian-Hungarian Empire
Nationalism
Balkans region in SE Europe Ruled by Ottomans, then
A-H
Serbs, Bosnians, Croats, & SlovenesSerbia declared ind.
Wanted to unite Slavic peoples Supported by Russia
Bosnia annexed by A-H Angered Serbia
The spark!
June 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia
Gavrilo Princip & Black Hand Serbian nationalists Hoped for war to bring down A-H
A-H declared war on Serbia Germany support A-H if Russia supports Serbia
Serbia > Russia > France
Princip & Ferdinand
Germany’s Plan
Defeat French early, move east to RussiaMarched through Belgium > Britain declares
war on GermanySuccessful at first, but Russians invade
GermanyGermany now fighting on two fronts
Opposing Sides
Allied PowersRussiaFranceGreat BritainItaly (offered A-H
territory)
Central PowersGermanyAustria-HungaryOttoman EmpireBulgaria
The U.S.
Led by President Woodrow Wilson, declared neutrality “We must remain
neutral in thought as well as action.”
Neutrality Impossible!
Recent immigrants supported homeland Ex. 8 million German Americans
Common culture, language, political ideals as England
Historic tie to France (help during revolution)Strong business ties to Western Europe
U.S. banks heavily invested in British victory
Britain influenced neutrality Propaganda (information designed to influence opinion) Cut transatlantic cable and controlled news from Europe
Tomorrow
U.S. Neutrality: Opposing Viewpoints
MR. PRO
US HISTORY
U.S. Neutrality
Warm Up
Washington’s Farewell Address
Objective
Students will know the events bringing the U.S. into WWI.
Tension on the High Seas
British naval blockade of Germany Hoped to starve Germany
into submission
German U-boats hoped to cut off Britain from supplies Unrestricted naval warfare” Angered Americans >
feared civilian losses and hurt business profits
Lusitania
British passenger ship entered war zoneU-boat torpedoed ship > 1,200 dead
128 Americans died
Two sides: Act of terrorism! People on foreign ships did so at their own risk!
World's ReactionWilson: The U.S. was “too proud to fight”Sussex Pledge: Germany agreed no more merchant
ship sinking without warning Did not want to bring U.S. into war
Then, the U.S.
intercepted this…
What in the world?!?
Zimmerman Telegram
German telegram to MexicoIntercepted and decodedSought German / Mexican alliance
Encouraged Mexico to join war if U.S. did Mexico would get back land lost to U.S.
Germany sank 6 American ships after ZT
WAR
President Wilson announced that the U.S. must make the world “safe for democracy”. Congress granted his declaration of war.
Homework
Chapter 14 Section 2
MR. PRO
US HISTORY
Mobilization and the Homefront
Warm Up
Enlist!We are in war: How does it impact your life?
Objective
Students will know the mobilization of both U.S. resources and sentiment that takes place after WWI.
Mobilizing for War
Group work with primary source packetsBig idea!
What do these sources tell you about the NEEDS and FEARS of Americans during WWI?
Ex. Many military commercials today. Shows a need for enlistment.
Extra credit! Bake something using a WWI rationing recipe.
US HISTORY
MR. PRO
Trench Warfare
Warm Up
Warning…graphic!
Objective
Students will know the new technologies and styles of fighting that develop during WWI.
HW Review
Selective Service African Americans Women
Mobilization of industry Business more efficient than government War Industries Board Food Administration Board Daylight Savings Time Liberty Bonds
HW Review
Great Migration: African Americans move north
Committee on Public Information “Selling the war”
Limitations on rights Schenck v. U.S:. Freedom of speech
New Technology
PlanesZeppelins (blimps)Machine GunsTanksPoisonous gases
Old FightingOld FightingNew WeaponsNew Weapons
Problems arise…
Trench Warfare
Extensive networks of man made trenchesDevelops as protection against new weaponsMovement of troops difficult
Virtual stalemate
No Man’s Land Area between trenches Filled with barbed wire, bombs, mud Wide open area…bad idea!
High casualties, low success.
No-Man’s Land
Life in the trenches…
Warfare Adaptations
Poisonous Gas (Mustard) Safe way to attack enemy Watch out for strong winds!
Tanks Unreliable and difficult to maneuver Could get through no man’s land Not enough of them to make large impact
Planes At first: spy on enemy Then: Small bombs Next: Dogfights!
Homework
Americans in WWI…doughboys!Pages 464-468Stop at “Flawed Peace”
US HISTORY
MR. PRO
Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Warm Up
Can you resolve a conflict without fixing the problem that initially caused the conflict?
Objective
Students will compare President Wilson’s Peace without Victory speech with his plan for peace in order to determine if Wilson followed through with his plan of making the “world safe for democracy.”
Russian Revolution
Problems: Food and fuel shortages, lack of political and economic equality
Provisional gov’t incapable fixing problemsCommunist revolution led by LeninRussia withdrew from war
Lost land Germany now fighting on only one front
HW Review
Massive German attack on Western frontAmerican troops reinforced AlliesArgonne Forest: Significant battle for US troops
(Sept. 1918) 600,000 troops Heavy losses, but opened German line
Revolutions in A-H, Ottoman Emp. surrenderedGermany alone in conflict
Rebellions in Berlin Emperor stepped down Armistice Nov. 11, 1918
Today
Peace without Victory Graphic Organizer
Fourteen Points Questions
US HISTORY
MR. PRO
Treaty of VersaillesA Flawed Peace
Wilson’s 14 Points
No more secret agreements. Free Navigation of all seas. An end to all economic barriers between
countries. Countries to reduce weapon numbers. All decisions regarding the colonies should be
impartial. The German Army is to be removed from
Russia. Russia should be left to develop her own political set-up.
Belgium should be independent like before the war.
Wilson’s 14 Points (cont.)
France should be fully liberated and allowed to recover Alsace – Lorraine.
All Italians are to be allowed to live in Italy. Italy’s borders are to be “along clearly recognizable lines of nationality.”
Self-determination should be allowed for all those living in Austria – Hungary.
Self-determination and guarantees of independence should be allowed for the Balkan States.
The Turkish people should be governed by the Turkish government. Non – Turks in the old Turkish Empire should govern themselves.
An independent Poland should be created which should have access to the sea.
A League of Nations should be set up to guarantee the political and territorial independences of all states.
Warm Up
Did you find Wilson’s Fourteen Points to be lenient, moderate, or severe?
Objective
Students will analyze the severity of the Treaty of Versailles and make predictions for what consequences the treaty may have.
Paris Peace Conference
January 1919Big Four: President Wilson, Prime Minister
David Lloyd George, Premier Georges Clemenceau, Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
Germany not invitedWilson seen as too lenient
The Big Four
The Men who determined the fate of the 20th century… unbeknownst to them…
Georges Clemenceau – France
Nicknamed "The Tiger".
Germany should pay for all the damage that France suffered during war.
Punish Germany so strongly that it could never start a war again.
David Lloyd George – Great Britain
Many in Britain were eager for revenge.
However Lloyd-George himself was worried about the dangers of treating Germany too harshly.
Vittorio Orlando – Italy
Italy had declared war on Germany in 1915, and had been promised territory as a reward for changing sides.
Orlando's main aim was to get the extra land for Italy - he wanted his 'fair share' from the spoils of war.
Woodrow Wilson – United States
The USA had only declared war in April 1917 and thus experienced far fewer casualties.
He believed Germany should be treated fairly and that a 'League of Nations' should be set up to settle future disputes between countries.
Treaty of Versailles
Germany… Severe limitations on armed forces
Less then 100,000 men in Army Navy reduced to 6 ships – no U–Boats
$33 billion in reparations Take blame for war Lose land to France, Russia, Belgium Loss of colonies to League of Nations
Ended Empires: German, Ottoman, Russian, Austria-Hungary
9 new countries (Yugoslavia, Poland)League of Nations accepted
Treaty of Versailles in the U.S.
Treaty highly criticized, especially League of Nations“Irreconcilables “
“entangling alliances” WashingtonReservationists
Would ratify treaty with changes to League of Nations Wilson refused
Wilson sought public support, but stress damaged health (stroke)
U.S. did not ratify treaty > made separate peace with Central Powers
Isolationist Perspective
What do you thin k the cartoonist meant by this cartoon?
Homework
Chapter 14.4
US HISTORY
MR.PRO
Lasting Impact
Warm Up
How did the United States differ from other nations involved in WWI?
Objective
Students will know the status of the United States as a world power after WWI.
After the War
Reading and QuestionBig Idea: How did the war impact the status
of the U.S. on a global scale?
Germany
France
Great Britain