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For Waste Water Treatment
Presented
By
Sandeep B
Koushik G
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Sanitary sewage Commercial wastes
Surface runoff Agricultural wastes
Industrial effluents
Various types ofWaste Waters
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Effects Of These Waste Water
Decaying organic matter and debris can useup the dissolved oxygen. In a lake so fish and other aquatic biota
cannot survive excessive nutrients, such asphosphorus and nitrogen (including ammonia),can cause eutrophication. Bacteria, viruses and disease-causingpathogens can pollute beaches and
contaminate shellfish populations. Leading to, cadmium, chromium and arseniccan have acute and chronic toxic effects onspecies.
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What is Wet Land? A constructed wetland or wetpark is an artificial wetland,marsh or swamp created as anew or restored habitat for nativeand migratory wildlife, foranthropogenic discharge such as
Wastewater Storm water runoff Sewage treatment Land reclamation after mining,
refineries,
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Classification of Wet LandsConstructed wetlands are classified according to the water
flow regime
Free water surface flow (FWS CWs) or
Subsurface flow CWs.
Based on the flow of water in the SF CWs.
They are again classified into Horizontal Flow Beds (HFB)
Vertical Flow Beds (VFB)
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Free Surface CW
Horizontal Surface CW
Vertical Surface CW
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Horizontal Flow Bed
Inlet
HFB HFB near PortugalOutlet
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Design Specifications
The depth of filter beds is normally around 60 cm with an
additional 15 cm freeboard for water accumulation.
The required specific surface area is about3-10 m/p.e. depending on temperature and other factors.
The organic loading per surface area should not exceed
4-10 g BOD/ (m) in cold climates
16 g COD/ (m) in warm climates.The hydraulic loading should be 60-80 mm/d for grey
water and 40 mm/d for wastewater.
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Vertical Flow Bed
Inlet
Outlet
Vertical Flow Beds
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Design Specifications
The depth of the sand filter beds should be atleast 50 cm, with an additional 20 cm of gravel at
the base to cover the drainage pipes.
The required specific surface area is usually
3-4 m/p.e. in cold regions.
The organic loading per surface area should belimited to 20 gCOD / (md) in cold climates).
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Pre TreatmentPre-treatment removes materials that can be easily
collected from the raw waste water before they
damage or clog the pumps.
Screening Grit Removal
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Primary Treatment: In the primary sedimentation stage, sewage flows through large tanks,commonly called "pre-settling basins", "primary sedimentation tanks" o
"primary clarifiers.
The dimensions of the tank should be designed to effect removal of a
high percentage of the floatables and sludge.A typical sedimentation tank may
remove from 50 to 70 percent of
suspended solids.
30 to 35 percent of biochemical
oxygen demand (BOD) from the
sewage.
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Vegetation in a wetland provides a substrate (roots, stems,
and leaves) upon which micro organisms can grow as they
break down organic materials.
This community of microorganisms is known as
the periphyton. The periphyton and natural chemical processes
are responsible for approximately 90 percent
of pollutant removal and waste breakdown.
Bio Filtration
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Plants Chosen:MacropytesThey produce oxygen, and act as food for some fish and
wildlife.
Although the majority of constructed wetland designershave long relied principally on Typhas and Phragmites.
Eichhornia crassipes
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General Contaminants Removal: Physical, chemical, and biological processes combine in wetlands to
remove contaminants from wastewater.
Theoretically, wastewater treatment within a constructed wetland
occurs as it passes through the wetland medium and the plants
rhizosphere.Rhizosphere is a thin film around each root hair is aerobic due to the
leakage of oxygen from the rhizomes, roots, and rootlets.
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Specific Contaminants Removal:Nitrogen Removal :The biological transformation of organically combined nitrogen toammonium nitrogen during organic matter degradation byammonifaction process.
Ammonia removal :The formation of ammonia (NH3) occurs via the mineralization orammonification of organic matter under either anaerobic oraerobic conditions.
This ion forms when ammonia combines with water as follows:
Ammonifiaction:
NH3 + H2O (NH4+) + OH
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The Nitrite is oxidized to nitrate (NO). The overall nitrificationreactions are as follows:Nitrification:(1) 2(NH4+) + 3O2 4H+ + 2H2O + 2NO(2) 2NO + O2 2NO
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Phosphorus Removal:
It occurs naturally in both organic and inorganic forms.1. The binding of phosphorus in organic matter as a result of
incorporation into living biomass,
2. Precipitation of insoluble phosphates with ferric iron, calcium, and
aluminum found in wetland soils.
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BOD and COD removal: Bio Oxygen Demand (96.2 % removal) Chemical Oxygen Demand (93.8% removal)
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Applications:1. Municipal wastewater treatment2. Treatment of household wastewater or grey water3. Tertiary treatment of effluents from conventional wastewatertreatment plants
4. Industrial wastewater treatment such as landfill leachate,petroleum refinery wastes, acid mine drainage, agriculturalwastes, effluent from pulp and paper mills, textile mills.5. Sludge dewatering and mineralization of fecal sludge or sludgefrom settling tanks.6. Storm water treatment and temporary storage7. Treatment of water from swimming pools without chlorine.
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Stop Pollution
Think Solution Bring Revolution
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