Water Security in IraqWater Security in Iraqy qy qAlexandria Alexandria 11stst Apr Apr 20102010
Dokan Dam
Dr. Hassan JanabiDr. Hassan JanabiI ’ A b d t thI ’ A b d t thDr. Hassan JanabiDr. Hassan JanabiI ’ A b d t thI ’ A b d t th
Central Marshes
Iraq’s Ambassador to the Iraq’s Ambassador to the UN Agencies in RomeUN Agencies in RomeIraq’s Ambassador to the Iraq’s Ambassador to the UN Agencies in RomeUN Agencies in Rome
What is Water Security?y
1. Ensured accessibility to the resource in ti dtime and space.
2. Ability to utilize the resource to achieve i d l teconomic development.
3. Ability to sustainably manage the water resources to ensure the right quantity andresources to ensure the right quantity and quality.
What is Water Security? What is Water Security? Con’tdCon’tdyy
4. Ensure that competing demands are balanced (Irrigation, water supply and sanitation hydropower environmentalsanitation, hydropower, environmental requirement etc).
5 Ensure that water sharing agreement with5. Ensure that water sharing agreement with full participation of all stakeholders is in place. p ace
6. Ensure that the environment is protected and pollution is prevented.p p
Duhok
TurkeyTurkey
TigrisCountries contributing toTigris R.
MosulErbil
KirkukSulaimaniyaSulaimaniya
Tigris32%
12%
IraqTurkey
Baquba
SyriaSyriaTikrit
EuphratesKarkha R.
56%y
Iran
48 BCM
28 BCMFlows in Iraqi Rivers
Ma Demand IranIranBaghdad
JordanJordan Kut
Ramadi
q
K b l HillaJul-Sep (Max Irr.
Oct-Feb20%
Max Demand
Storing period
NajafAmara
Samaw
Karbala
Diwaniya
M.O.D3%
12%
Mar-Jun70%
(Demand)
10%
period
Nassirriya
BasraBasra85%
Iraq
Turkey
Syria
Countries contributing to
Marshes
KuwaitKuwaitSaudi ArabiaSaudi Arabia
Countries contributing to Euphrates R.
Dokan Dam
Dohuk Dam
Control for better managementControl for better managementMosul Dam
Maximum Storage Capacity
TigrisAdhaim Dam
Haditha Dam
Maximum Storage Capacity
Mosul Dam31%
Haditha Dam24%
Tharthar Outlet RegulatorDerbendikham Dam
Hemrin DamAdhaim D
Current Total Storage: 157 BCM
Tigris – Euphrates Regulator
EuphratesRamadi Barrage
Tharthar Outlet Regulator
Dokan Dam18%
Dam9%
Hemrin Dam
Shatt Al-ArabDiyala Weir
Ramadi Barrage
Gharaff Regulator
18%Dam9% Derbendi-
khan Dam9%
5
Kut Barrage
Fallujah BarrageGharaff Regulator
Kib 31 BCMAtaturk 50 BCM
1990Kerekaya 10 BCM
1987Kiban 31 BCM1975 Biricik 1.2 BCM
2000
9901987
Kerkamish 0.2 BCM1999
Tishreen 2 BCM1999
Duz 3.5 BCM
Tabqa 12 BCM1975
K kh 8 BCMKarun 14 BCM
2001-2006
Duz 3.5 BCM1962
Dam Construction Dam Construction
Kerkha 8 BCM2001
2001-2006(Series of dams)
UNCLASSIFIED
since mid 1970ssince mid 1970s
Declining inflowsDeclining inflows
Mean annual discharge in the Euphrates (m3/s)1975-2005
1600
1975-2005
Filling of Ataturk DamTrend Line
1000
1200
1400
1600
400
600
800
Q m
3/s
0
200
2005–1925Euphrates
Euphrates River Mean Monthly Discharges m3/s
200022002400
Month Ave. 1925-73Month Ave 1975 05
958 m3/s
Loss of 9.1 BCM /year
12001400160018002000 Month Ave 1975-05
Annual Mean 1925-73Annual Mean 1975-05
703 m3/s
400600800
10001200
0200400
Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb
Storage Volumes
• Turkish Storages– 92BCM on
Euphrates– 17BCM on Tigris– 17BCM on Tigris
(planned)
• Syrian Storages – 14.5BCM on
E h tEuphrates– 1.5BCM from Tigris
(Previous (agreement)
How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?impacted?impacted?impacted?
•Intensive construction of dams•Intensive construction of dams.•Wars, particularly Iraq-Iran war and the
ti f K itoccupation of Kuwait.•Draining of the marshes.•Pollution and degradation of water quality.•Fast urbanization.Fast urbanization.•High rate of water use (twice the population growth rate)growth rate).
How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?impacted? CCimpacted?...impacted?...Cont’dCont’d
•Lack of long term water sharing•Lack of long term water sharing agreement between riparian countries, Iraq Syria Turkey & IranIraq, Syria, Turkey & Iran.•Unsustainable approach in managing
t i th h fwater resources in the upper reaches of Euphrates and Tigris rivers basins.
How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being i t d?i t d?impacted?...impacted?...Cont’dCont’d
30Euphrates River Annual Average Discharge at Iraq’s
border in BCM
202530 border in BCM
Total Annualflow 2009
51015
01973-74 1975-2009 1999-20091937-74
How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?...Cont’dimpacted?...Cont’d
Tigris R. Total Average Flow
40
50
Tigris R. Total Average FlowBCM
10
20
30
0
10
Long term 2008-2009
The way forwardThe way forward
Apply strict national water• Apply strict national water management strategy based on IWRM principlesbased on IWRM principles
• Negotiate long term water sharing agreement.
• Adopt basin-wide & regional approaches to mitigate and adapt to climate
How Water Security in Iraq is being How Water Security in Iraq is being impacted?impacted? C t’dC t’dimpacted?...impacted?...Cont’dCont’d
Thank youThank youThank youThank you