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9-66 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
17. Define combination rules
CivilFEM provides, by the combinations module, the possibility of operating witha results sets and combine them in such a way that a given targets areachieved. Therefore, the results combination is based on the search of thecombination among certain data set that, following certain rules, fulfills the giventargets in each node of the structure.
In our case we will define these combination rules using the start states createdbefore:
Combination RuleStart
StatesType
N
StartStates
Cf1 Cf2
Total with InitialPrestressing
1002
CMB1001,LS20, 22,23, 24, 25
SELECTVC 6
1.10
1.10
1.35
1.35
1.5
1.35
0.90
0.90
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
Total with FinalPrestressing
1003
CMB1001,LS21,22,23, 24, 25
SELECTVC 6
1.10
1.10
1.35
1.35
1.5
1.35
0.90
0.90
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
Total with Initial or FinalPrestressing
1004
CMB1002,1003
OPTION 2 1 1
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Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge 9-67
Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Combine Results Combination
The combinations explorer window opens:
Pick on Combinations
Enter title Total with initial prestressing
Enter combination number 1002
Choose type SELECTVC
Enter 6 as number of start states
Enter 6 as NADD
Click on Create
Combination 1002 is created, if we select the combination from the tree (it still doesnot have its start states defined):
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9-68 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
So, now we select in the start states list, the ones desired to be included in thecombination (more than one can be selected maintaining the control key [CTRL]pressed).
Select combination 1002
Select from List of Possible Start States: Combination 1001: Vehicle Load
Press the contextual button in toolbar
to define a new start state (user can drag with the mouse the selected startstates selected from the list, and drop them on the combination)
Start state 1 is defined, now we must define the rest:
Select combination 1002 again
Select from List of Possible Start States( hold control key [CTRL] )
Load Step 20 Initial Prestressing
Load Step 22 Self Weight
Load Step 23 Dead Load
Load Step 24 Surface Load
Load Step 25 Thermal Gradient
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Press the contextual button in toolbar
to define a new start state
The default coefficients that these start states will have in the combination must alsobe defined:
Select Combination 1001: Vehicle Load
Enter 1.10 as coefficient 1
Enter 0.90 as coefficient 2
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Select Load Step 20: Initial Prestressing
Enter 1.10 as coefficient 1
Enter 0.90 as coefficient 2
Select Load Step 22: Self Weight
Enter 1.35 as coefficient 1
Enter 1.00 as coefficient 2
We will complete defining all coefficients by following this table:
Combination 1002 Total with Initial Prestressing
Start State Coefficient 1 Coefficient 2
CMB 1001 Vehicle Load 1.10 0.90
LS 20 Initial Prestressing 1.10 0.90
LS 22 Self Weight 1.35 1.00
LS 23 Dead Load 1.35 1.00
LS 24 Surface Load 1.50 0.00
LS 25 Thermal Gradient 1.35 1.00
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Now we define a new combination:
Pick on Combinations
Enter title Total with final prestressingEnter combination number 1003
Choose type SELECTVC
Enter 6 as number of start states
Enter 6 as NADD
Click on Create
We follow the same procedure (as we did with combination rule 1002) to defineall start states and coefficients repeating the same steps with this data:
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9-72 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
Combination 1003 Total with Final Prestressing
Start State Coefficient 1 Coefficient 2
CMB 1001 Vehicle Load 1.10 0.90
LS 21 Final Prestressing 1.10 0.90LS 22 Self Weight 1.35 1.00
LS 23 Dead Load 1.35 1.00
LS 24 Surface Load 1.50 0.00
LS 25 Thermal Gradient 1.35 1.00
The final combination will be a combination of 1002 and 1003:
Pick on Combinations
Enter title Totalwith initial or final prestressing
Enter combination number 1004
Choose type OPTION
Enter 2 as number of start states
Click on Create
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Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge 9-73
Select combination 1004
Select from List of Possible Start States( hold control key [CTRL] ):
Combination 1002 and Combination 1003
Press the contextual button in toolbar
to define the 2 start states.
You can drag with the mouse the selected start states selected from the list, anddrop them on the combination tree instead of clicking the button.
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18. Carry out combinations
Prior to completing the combinations CivilFEM shows a window with the globalstatus in order to review all data before carrying out the combinations.
Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Combine Results Do combinations...
Review the information in the list window
OK to start the combination process
Before plotting results we define the viewing direction for the display:
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9-76 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine ResultsREADRESULTS: By description...
Enter 1004 to read result of combination rule 1004
Select the target MZ MAX
Ok Ok
We change title:
Utility Menu: File Change Title
Enter Maximum Bending Moment MZ (All loads)
Ok
In the following step we plot the maximum bending moment MZ in each point ofthe bridge:
Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Beam Utilities Graph results Forces& Moments
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Choose Bending Mom Z
Ok
Maximum Bending Moment MZ (all loads)
MIN =-911003ELEM=43MAX =.102E+08ELEM=29
XY
Z -911003324691.156E+07.280E+07.403E+07.527E+07.650E+07.774E+07.897E+07.102E+08
Now we point to target 2: minimum bending moment MZ:
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine ResultsREADRESULTS: By description...
Enter 1004 to read result of combination rule 1004
Select the target MZ MIN
Ok
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9-78 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
We change title:
Utility Menu: File Change Title
Enter Minimum Bending Moment MZ (all loads)
Ok
In the following step we plot the minimum bending moment MZ in each point of thebridge:
Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Beam Utilities Graph results Forces& Moments
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Choose Bending Mom Z
Ok
MIN =-.116E+08ELEM=43MAX =923454ELEM=37
XY
Z
-.116E+08-.102E+08-.882E+07-.743E+07-.604E+07-.465E+07-.325E+07-.186E+07-469097923454Minimum Bending Moment MZ (all loads)
20. Calculation of the load distribution to obtain the minimum deflection at anode (all loads)
We can know which are the coefficients that multiply the Start States of a combinationand which of them can be used to achieve a Target at a determined node of thestructure. The~CMBINQcommand shows a list with the coefficients applied over
each one of the Start States that forms the combination rule.We change title:
Utility Menu: File Change Title
Type Maximum negative displacement and load location (all loads)
Ok Ok
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Combine Results INQUIRE:Nodal Results
Enter 1004 to select combination rule 1004 (all loads)
Enter node 15
Select group DISPL
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9-80 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
Select item and component UZ
Pick Minimum
Pick Recursively
Pick Target ValueSelect Yes Update
Ok
In the following window we can read a list of starting states that satisfy the definedtarget:
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To obtain the deflections distribution for the start states combination that satisfythe requested targets we must proceed as follows:
Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results -Contour Plot-Nodal Solu
Select DOF solution
Select Z-Component of displacement
OK
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9-82 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
MN
MX
XY
Z
-889507-167588
554331.128E+07
.200E+07-.439E-03
-.200E-03.399E-04
.280E-03.639E-03
DMX =.004141
SMN =-.439E-03
SMX =.639E-03
Maximum Negative Displacement and load distribution(all loads)
21. Calculation of the load distribution to obtain the minimum deflection at anode (vehicle only)
Utility Menu: File Change Title
Enter Maximum negative displacement and load location (vehicle only)
Ok
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Combine Results INQUIRE:
Nodal Results
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Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge 9-83
Enter 1001 to select combination rule 1001 (vehicle only)
Enter node 15
Select group DISPL
Select item and component UZ
Pick Minimum
Pick Recursively
Pick Target Value
Select Yes Update
Ok
In the following window we can read a list of starting states that satisfy the definedtarget :
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9-84 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge
To obtain the deflections distribution for the start states combination that satisfythe requested targets we must proceed as follows:
Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results -Contour Plot-Nodal Solu
Select DOF solution
Select Z-Component of displacement
OK Ok
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Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge 9-85
MN
MX
XY
Z
-.783E-03-.596E-03
-.409E-03-.221E-03
-.341E-04.153E-03
.340E-03.528E-03
.715E-03.902E-03
NODAL SOLUTION
DMX =.902E-03
SMN = -.783E-03
SMX =. 902E-03
Maximum Negative Displacement and Load Distribution (vehicle only)
22. Check by code
TARGET 1: MAX MZ
We first read the results of combination rule 1004, target 1 (maximum MZ)
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine ResultsREADRESULTS: By description...
Enter 1004 to read results of combination rule 1004
Select the target MZ MAX
Ok Ok
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Results will be stored in Alternative 2
TARGET 2: MIN MZ
Now we point to target 2: minimum bending moment MZ
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine ResultsREADRESULTS: By description...
Enter 1004 to read results of combination rule 1004
Select the target MZ MIN
Ok
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3) Cracking checking
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post
EHE Check by Code Beams & SolidPrestress Crack
Enter maximum crack width 0.0003 m
Ok
Results will be stored in Alternative 3
4) Axial force + bending checking
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post EHE
Check by Code Beams & Solid2D Axial + Bend
Ok to check model
Results will be stored in Alternative 4
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23. Plot Results: Axial+Bending checking for target 1 (Maximum MZ)
User must select the alternative of results calculated before:
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Read Results By Num. Alt.
Enter alternative number 2Ok Ok
To plots crack checking results in prestressed concrete beams:
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post Code
CheckingEHE Beam Results Plot Results
Select Axial + bending
Ok Select CRT_TOT
Ok
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.018621.10636
.194099.281839
.369578.457317
.545056.632795
.720534.808273
Axial + Bending Checking EHE Criterion
The represented result of checking is a criterion that indicates the proximity ordistance to the limits established by the code. An equal to one criterion indicatesthat the forces and moments are equal to the limits specified by the code. A criteriongreater than one indicates that the code is not being fulfilled and a criterion smallerthan one indicates that the code requirements are satisfied.
24. Plot Results: Axial+Bending checking for target 2 (Minimum MZ)
User must select the alternative of results calculated before:
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Read Results By Num. Alt.
Enter alternative number 4
Ok Ok
To plots crack checking results in prestressed concrete beams:
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post Code
CheckingEHE Beam Results Plot Results
Select Axial + bending
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Select CRT_TOT
Ok
.479E-10.080552
.161103.241655
.322207.402758
.48331.563862
.644413.724965
Axial + Bending Moment EHE Checking
The represented result of checking is a criterion that indicates the proximity or
distance to the limits established by the code. An equal to one criterion indicatesthat the forces and moments are equal to the limits specified by the code. A criteriongreater than one indicates that the code is not being fulfilled and a criterion smallerthan one indicates that the code requirements are satisfied.
25. Plot Results: Crack checking for target 1 (Maximum MZ)
User must select the alternative of results calculated before:
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Read Results By Num. Alt.
Enter alternative number 11
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0.751214
1.5022.254
3.0053.756
4.5075.258
6.016.761
Crack Checking EHE Criterion
In previous graph the EHE Criterion for crack checking is plotted. Elements witha criterion (CRT_TOT) greater than 1 do not satisfy the code provisions.
This means that the reinforcement indicated in the statement would not be validin order to fulfil the established cracking criterium. In order to improve the resultsit is not necessary to increase the reinforcement area, because the bendingchecking was correct. The best solution, in this case, would be to decrease thebars spacing.
26. Plot Results: Crack checking for target 2 (Minimum MZ)
User must select the alternative of results calculated before:
Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Read Results By Num. Alt.
Enter alternative number 3
Ok Ok
To plots crack checking results in prestressed concrete beams:
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post Code
CheckingEHE Beam Results Plot Results
Select Crack Checking
Ok Select CRT_TOT
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To plot the 2D interaction diagram:
Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post EHE
Beam Results Prestress 2D Int Diag
Select Beam as entity type
Ok Ok
Enter element number 15
Ok Select Both to add reinforced concrete interaction diagram and Ok
Ok
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28. Exit the ANSYS program
We save everything before exiting the ANSYS program.
Utility Menu: File Exit
Choose Save Everything
Choose OK
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