2 December 2005
Web Information SystemsWeb 2.0 Basics
Prof. Beat Signer
Department of Computer Science
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
http://www.beatsigner.com
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 2November 7, 2014
Web 2.0
The term Web 2.0 wasintroduced by Tim O'Reillyat the Web 2.0 conferencein 2004 to describe a newgeneration of web apps user-generated content
data as a driving force
- infoware rather than simply software
collective intelligence via social resource and knowledge sharing
the Web as a platform for software applications
Not a new technology but a change in how developers
and users build applications on the Web user-generated content already existed earlier (e.g. Amazon)
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg]
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 3November 7, 2014
Main Web 2.0 Ingredients
Social Web end user as a participant and content creator
democracy
Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) bring the desktop to the browser
highly interactive applications (e.g. with drag and drop)
based on AJAX, Flash, etc.
Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) enable the sharing of information and services between different
Web 2.0 applications
Web Services, RSS, mashups, etc.
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 4November 7, 2014
Web 2.0 Interaction
Service-oriented
Architecture (SOA)
information access
content creation
user-to-user
interaction
Web
collective intelligence
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 5November 7, 2014
Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0
Web 1.0 Web 2.0
publishing participation
reading reading and writing (participatory Web)
content management systems wikis
personal homepages blogs
simple request/response interaction Rich Internet Application (RIA)
screen scraping (extract data from HTML) service-oriented architectures
taxonomies (classification) folksonomies (tagging)
companies communities
single user social networks
bookmarking collaborative tagging / social bookmarking
... ...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 6November 7, 2014
Web 2.0 and the Long Tail
The term long tail has
been introduced by Chris
Anderson in 2004 article about Amazon etc.
- 'Touching the Void' and
'Into Thin Air' example
Main observations the tail is longer than expected and now economically within reach
the niches form a significant market when aggregated
new economic model: combine infinite shelf space with shared real-time public opinions and buying trends
Major part of Internet content made up by small sites provide tools to address the long tail and not just the head
Joe Simpson, 1988 Jon Krakauer, 1997
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 7November 7, 2014
Video: The Machine is Us/ing Us
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 8November 7, 2014
Web 2.0 Examples
Wikis
Blogs
Media sharing sites
Folksonomies
Social networking sites
Web-based communities
Mashups
Web applications
...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 9November 7, 2014
Wikis
The first wiki was the
WikiWikiWeb in 1995 Ward Cunningham
inspired by HyperCard
Any user can create new
wiki pages or edit existing
pages no special software required on the client side (only a browser)
Democracy-based control of the content revision history, discussion, ...
Various wiki software MediaWiki, DokuWiki, ...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 10November 7, 2014
Wikipedia
Open authoring model registered and anonymous
users may contribute
some users (editors) have special rights
Each article has a history page showing
all of its changes
a discussion page
Issues reliability not guaranteed since no central authority
vandalism
...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 11November 7, 2014
Blogs
A blog (weblog) is a
chronologically ordered
list of information personal diary
specific subjects
- e.g. celebrities
Tool for delivering news
and getting in touch with a large community of users nowadays often used as a powerful channel in politics
much harder to control than print or broadcasting media
Popular blogs often generate revenue by advertising access to content is often free
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 12November 7, 2014
Technorati
Blog search engine indexes over 100 million
blogs
Use tags to classify blogs
Ranking based on a
blog's authority number of inlinks from other
blogs
similar to search algorithms descibed later
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 13November 7, 2014
Flickr
Image hosting and sharing
website
Image repository that is
often used by bloggers
Managing images collaborative tagging
- user-generated taxonomy (folksonomy)
- one of the first websites that implemented tag clouds
grouping in sets, collections and higher order collections
- note that an image may be added to multiple sets
Offers a powerful Web Service API can easily be integrated with third-party applications
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 14November 7, 2014
Folksonomies
Folksonomy = 'folk' +
'taxonomy' user-generated taxonomy
Social tagging collaboratively creating and
managing tags
bottom up approach
- no fixed terminology
Applications Annotea: shared Web annotations and bookmarks
Delicious: social bookmarking web service
Tag cloud visualisation
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 15November 7, 2014
YouTube
Video hosting and sharing
website
Social impact YouTube Internet celebrities
Copyright issues material from TV shows etc.
many broadcasting companiesuse YouTube as new channel
Content can easily be embedded in external websites blogs, social networking sites, ...
Acquired by Google in 2006
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 16November 7, 2014
Last.fm
Internet streaming radio
User profile based on
music listened to on
Last.fm and other devices
Audioscrobbler music
recommender system based on collaborative filterling algorithm
find songs in the "neighbourhood" basedon other users with similar tastes
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 17November 7, 2014
Social networking site
Connect to friends and
share information info about current status
post messages on a user'spublic wall
send individual messages
share photos
Easy to add individual applications
Copyright issues what happens with content that has been uploaded to Facebook?
Privacy issues
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 18November 7, 2014
Micro-blogging and social
networking service
Small messages (tweets)
can be posted to a user
profile often added via SMS
reach millions of users fromany place around the worldwithin seconds
- used in protests and politics, emergencies, ...
Can we get too connected?
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 19November 7, 2014
Second Life
Virtual 3-dimensional
world by Linden Lab special client software
User represented by
an avatar
Linden dollar (L$) as a
currency buy land
buy and sell goods and services to other users
Applications education, business meetings, arts, ...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 20November 7, 2014
Academia.edu
Social networking website
for researchers
Sharing and rating of
resources research papers, conference
presentations, CVs, etc.
Find researchers with similar research interests
Other professional social networking websites LinkedIn, Xing, ...
How to deal with profile information on different sites? open standards for social networking
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 21November 7, 2014
SlideShare
Social networking website
to share presentations
High quality educational
material
Various APIs for inte-
gration with other social
networking websites
Content may spread virally through social networks
and blogs
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 22November 7, 2014
myExperiment
Collaborative environment
for scientists
Safely publish workflow
plans and share them with
other scientists
Reuse and repurpose
workflows avoid to reinvent the wheel
get credits for workflows
...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 23November 7, 2014
Delicious
Social bookmarking
service store bookmarks and access
them from different browsers
share and discover book-marks
Non-hierarchical classi-
fication based on tags
Offers various APIs to access the bookmarks
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 24November 7, 2014
Mashups
A mashup composes
information and services
from external sources and
offers them as part of a
new service
Various mashup tools Yahoo Pipes, ...
Mashup example composition of Google Maps and realtime information about the
position of airplanes
- http://www.flightradar24.com
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 25November 7, 2014
Google Docs
Free web-based office
tools word processor, spreadsheet
application, ...
Mobile access via mobile
phone
Software as a service (SaaS)
Data safety and privacy issues
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 26November 7, 2014
Google AdSense
Highly customised delivery
of advertisements shows advertisements delive-
red via Google AdWords
New models for payment pay-per-click in addition to
pay-per-impression
Any website owner can enroll sometimes very complementary information
- e.g. blog with reviews about specific products together with Google
advertisements for these products
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 27November 7, 2014
Video: The Kindness of Strangers
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 28November 7, 2014
Social Implications of Web 2.0
Data ownership and copyright issues
Collective intelligence (wisdom of crowds)
Shift of power from controlled media to
collaborative communities
New models for crediting an individual's
content that is accessed by other users or
composed in mashup applications
Everybody has a (big) voice e.g. reach millions of users within seconds via Twitter
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 29November 7, 2014
Common Web 2.0 Patterns
The presented Web 2.0 applications have some common
underlying patterns which are going to be discussed in
the next lecture service oriented architectures (SOAs)
software as a service
asynchronous partial updates
- Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)
mashups
self-organising communities
collaborative tagging
viral marketing
...
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 30November 7, 2014
Exercise 6
Web Services
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 31November 7, 2014
References
James Governor et al., Web 2.0 Architectures,
O'Reilly Media, May 2009
Chris Anderson, The Long Tail, Wired 12(10), 2004 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html
Michael Wesch, The Machine is Us/ing Us http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLlGopyXT_g
Jonathan Zittrain, The Kindness of Strangers,
TEDGlobal 2009, Oxford, UK, July 2009 http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/jonathan_zittrain_the_web_is_a_random_act_of_kindness.html
Live Flight Tracker http://www.flightradar24.com
Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 32November 7, 2014
References
James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds,
Anchor, August 2005
2 December 2005
Next LectureWeb 2.0 Patterns and Technologies