Unit 7: Cells and Life
Name: _________________________________
Period: __________
Test Date: _______________________
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Table of Contents
Title of Page Page Number Due Date
VIRUS vs CELLS CHECKLIST 3
Warm-ups 4 - 5
Cell and Factory Worksheet 6 - 7
Cell Structure and Function Notes 8 - 10
Comparing Euk, Pro, and Viruses 11
Cell Match up 16
Cell Poster Activity 17 - 18
Endosymbiosis Notes 19 – 20
Virus Notes 21
Viral Reproduction Notes 22
Viruses VS Cells Notes 23
Cell Scenarios Activity 24 - 25
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Viruses
ProkaryoteEukaryote
Living
Cell
Evolve over time
Contains genetic material (DNA/ RNA)
All store genetic information in the form of DNACan reproduce independentlyRequires host for reproductionPhospholipid Bilayer
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Membrane bound organelles
Virus vs. Cells Check List
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UNIT 7 WARM-UPS
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Cell and Factory Worksheet
CELL ORGANELLE ORGANELLE FUNCTION FACTORY PARTCell Membrane Regulates what enters
and leaves the cell; where cell makes contact with the externalenvironment
Nucleus Controls all cell activity and contains DNA
Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes lipids (fats), breaks down drugs and harmful substances, and packages up proteins for the Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes Builds proteins
Golgi Apparatus Makes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell
Lysosomes Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders
Mitochondria Breaks down food molecules to make energy
Cytoplasm Contains all the organelles and provides the space for cell functions to occur
Vacuole Stores water and other materials
Directions: Complete this worksheet by matching the jobs at a typical factory with the cell organelle and organelle functions. Write the factory jobs in the blank spaces.
*Factory jobs are listed on the next page.
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Factory Parts and Descriptions
Shipping and Receiving
controls what comes in and what goes out in the factory
Factory Floor
space within the factory
where products are made
and business is conducted
Finishing and Packaging
where products are processed and shipped out
Main Office
the control center of the factory
The Assembly Line
where products are made and packaged/substances are broken
down
Maintenance
where wastes and other unwanted materials are collected and broken
down
The Power Plant
where the factory’s power comes from
Employees
individuals who make the products
Warehouse
where materials are stored
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Cell Structure and Function Notes
Cell Structure Sketch Prokaryotic,
Eukaryotic Function What to Remember
Nucleus
Controls activities of the cell and holds the genetic
information (DNA). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane (also referred to as the nuclear
envelope).
DNAGenetic material made up of
genes that are decoded to make proteins (traits).
NucleolusLocated within the nucleus of
eukaryotic cells and is the location of ribosome
assembly.
Plasma or Cell Membrane
Selectively regulates what enters and exits the cell.
CytoplasmA jelly-like substance found outside of the nucleus and
enclosed by cellular membrane.
RibosomesLocated in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER and are the site of protein production.
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Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Transports proteins that are made by ribosomes attached
to it.
Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Makes new lipids and helps to break down toxic
substances.
Golgi Apparatus/Bo
dy
A series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging and
distribution center of the cell to modify the proteins that travel from the ER before they are released to serve
their function.
MitochondriaRelease energy from organic
compounds to make ATP (cellular respiration).
Lysosomes
Specialized vesicles that contain digestive enzymes and function to digest and
recycle the cell’s used components.
Cytoskeleton
A network of protein structures that determines
cell shape and provides support for organelles and
pathways for cell movement.
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Cell WallHelps to support, protect and
maintain the shape of the cell.
Chloroplasts
Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon
dioxide and water (photosynthesis) and are only found in plant cells.
Large, central vacuole
In plant cells the large central vacuole, stores water and contains many
substances, including ions, nutrients, and
wastes.
Flagella and cillia
Tail-like structures that help bacteria move.
Pili Hair-like structures that help bacteria stick to surfaces.
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Comparing Cells Practice
Directions: Compare and contrast animal, plant and bacterial cells. You must include, but are not limited to the following words:
NucleusNuclear membrane/envelopePiliRibosomesMitochondriaCytoplasm
LysosomeGolgi bodiesChloroplastCytoskeletonVacuoleEndoplasmic Reticulum
Central vacuoleCell wallCapsuleGenetic material
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Eukaryotic
Animal
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
Bacterial
Cell Match Up
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Cell Poster Activity
I. Identify the function.1._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
II. Identify the structure.5.__________________________6.__________________________7.__________________________8.__________________________
III. Identify the function.9._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. Which of the structures are found in plant cells only?13.______________________________________________
V. Identify the structure.14.__________________________15.__________________________16.__________________________17.__________________________
VI. Identify the function.
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18.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
VII. Identify the structure.22.__________________________23.__________________________24.__________________________
VIII. Identify the following cells: 25. Circle the correct answer.A. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?
Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
C. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
D. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Endosymbiosis Notes
WHERE DID CELLS COME FROM?
History of Life on Earth
Most scientists hypothesize that life on Earth developed through natural _________________________ and _____________________________ processes.
Molecules of ___________-________________ matter reacted chemically during the first billion years of Earth’s history.
These chemical reactions produced ___________________, organic molecules.
Energized by the sun and volcanic ______________, these simple molecules formed more-______________ molecules that eventually became the __________________________ blocks of the first cells.
This was simulated by the _____________________-___________ Experiment
Scientists hypothesize that RNA was the _______________-self-replicating information-storage molecule.
RNA catalyzed the assembly of the first ______________________.
Laboratory experiments have shown that, in water, short chains of amino acids can gather into tiny droplets called __________________________________.
Scientists think the formation of microspheres was the first step to ______________________ organization.
The first cells to form were ______________________________.
Simple cells with a single _________________ of DNA.
So how did complex eukaryotes come about?
Origins of the Eukaryotic Cell
Scientists seem to think they evolved through teamwork: ________________________
more specifically….
____________________________________ where one organism lives inside another to the benefit of both
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Endosymbiosis Theory
Chloroplasts and mitochondria were originally independent ___________________________ that now live inside eukaryotic cells.
Endosymbiotic Theory
Evidence supports that eukaryotes descended from ___________ prokaryotic cells that joined together
Evidence for the theory:
1. ______________ mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.
2. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce _________________________ of the rest of the cell.
3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same _________ as bacteria.
4. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ________________________ and make their own proteins.
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Virus NotesWhat is a Virus?
WHY? Viruses are considered to be non-living particles because they:o Have no _____________________o Do not ___________ or developo Cannot ____________________ without the help of a living cell (host)
Characteristics of Viruses All are pathogenic (causes _________________) Viruses are ____________________ to certain kinds of cells
o Ex. HIV infects only Helper T cells Before a virus can replicate, it must ___________________ to and infect a living cell,
called the ______________ cell.Virus Structure
This structure is known as a __________________. A virus has simple structure consisting of an
inner core of genetic material (_______ or RNA) and an outer _______________ layer called a capsid.
Label the capsid and genetic material in the following viruses
Gylcoproteins – Projections on ouside of viruses to gain ______________ to interior of ___________.
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Viral Replication Notes
If viruses are non-living, how do they replicate?? They need a ____________ cell! Before a virus can replicate, it must attach to and infect a _______________ _______.
What kinds of cells? A virus is _____________ to a specific kind of cell.
Viral Attachment After attachment?
- They will only attach to a cell if the protein (______________________) in its capsid or envelope matches the host cell’s protein.
- Like an enzyme (___________ and key).- If a virus can’t __________________, it
can’t infect the cell.
- Once a suitable host is found, the virus attaches and injects its _________ into the host.
- The host cell drives the production of new virus particles.
- The virus uses its host cell’s ________________ to make more copies of itself.
Viral Replication Once in a host, the virus can take one of two paths.
Two Types of Viral Life Cycles Lytic cycle
The rapid reproduction of the entire virus carried out by the host eventually ______________________ the host cell.
Remember, when in the lytic cycle the virus is ________________ off so it destroys the cell.
LySogenic cycle - ______________ cycle The viral DNA is integrated into a host and is replicated
_______________ destroying the cell. Eventually, the virus exists the lysogenic cycle and enters the
_____________ cycle. Each time the cell divides, the provirus also divides. Each generation results in ___________ infected host cells. Does not destroy host cell _____________ provirus enters the
lytic cycle.
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Viruses vs. Cells
Two Basic Cell Types
All cells are either _______________________ or eukaryoticWhat is the difference? The location of their ______
_______karyote = no nucleus present; DNA is in the cytoplasm Eukaryote = nucleus present; DNA surrounded by _______________
Prokaryotes a.k.a. _________________ Simplest cellular organisms _______cellular Contain genetic material but no nucleus ______ membrane bound organelles – therefore, not many specialized
functions.Eukaryotes
Complex cellular organisms Unicellular ________ multicellular Contain a _____________ and many membrane-bound organelles with
specialized functions.Nucleus
Controls activities of the cell and holds the genetic information (DNA) Only found in _____________________ Ribosomes, which are used in protein synthesis, are assembled in an area of the
nucleus called the nucleolus.
Viruses Cells DNA _______ RNA. Have no ________________ of their
own. Must be parasitic!
DNA Can metabolize “food” to produce
_____________. Can live on their own and
______________ through binary fission.
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Cells Viruses
Cell Scenarios Activity
Background: There are many structures that are vital to cells. These structures help them with the day-to-day “chores” inside a cell, when it comes time to reproduce, and generally help them stay alive! Some structures are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, while the membrane-bound organelles are present only in animal and plant cells. Each structure or organelle has a very specific job within the cell and, without them, things would definitely not work as they should.
Directions: Read the scenario at each station. Properly identify cell structures and organelles, including those that are “missing” and hypothesis the consequences of removing these key organelles from a cell.
Scenario 1:
1. What is the organelle described? ___________________________________________
2. What is its function/ what does it do for the cell (and for you!)? ____________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. What would be the consequence of removing this organelle from the cell? ________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 2:
Use the images to complete the chart below.
Q# Cell Identify the Cell TypeExplain how you knew what type of cell it was….what features
belong only to that cell?
4 A
5 B
6 C
Scenario 3:
7. The missing organelle is _________________________________________.
8. Choose another organelle that is mentioned in the scenario. What would be the
consequence of removing this organelle from the cell? ___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
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Scenario 4:
9. What type of eukaryotic cell are you? ___________________________________ 10. What affect would missing your chloroplasts have on you / what process would you no longer be able to carry out? _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________11. If all of the chloroplasts suddenly disappeared, how would that affect life on earth?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 5:
12. What cell organelle must be missing from your cell? ___________________________ 13. What does this organelle contain that helps it do its job within the cell?_______________14. Can your cell survive without this organelle? Explain why or why not.
________________________________________________________________________
Scenario 6:
15. Which cell structure is not working as it should?________________________________16. Suppose that instead of this structure not working property, it disappears! What do you
think would happen to your cell?__________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Scenario 7: Use the illustrations to answer the questions below.
Q# Cell Type Location of DNA Characteristics of DNA (think shape)
17 Eukaryote
18 Prokaryote
19. Both of these cells have a feature that helps keep regulate what enters and exits the cell what is it?__________________________________________________________________________
20. In addition, prokaryotes often have two more layers of protection that the animal cell does not. What are they?_____________________________________________________________
21. What is one similarity between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?_________________________________
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