Welcome!Welcome! SFTY 314SFTY 314
Safety LegislationSafety LegislationNovember 13, 2012
TodayTodayDATE TOPIC11/1
3OSHA Inspections
What does an OSHA Inspector do?What skills are needed?
How do future safety professionals learn how to
develop safety radar?
Your Safety RadarYour Safety Radar
Class Discussion
How do you develop your safety radar?
Techniques for Hazard Techniques for Hazard RecognitionRecognition2 Days / 1.4 CEUs
Learn to: •Use a variety of hazard recognition methods•select the appropriate hazard recognition method for your organization•Establish a management system that develops, implements and audits routinely the various hazard recognition techniques needed•Train your workforce on a variety of techniques for hazard recognition
What’s wrong with this photo?
Exit must not be blocked by storage. Exit must not be blocked by storage. Exit door must swing outward. Exit door must swing outward. Exit door should have panic hardware or open Exit door should have panic hardware or open
with minimal force. with minimal force. Looks like there are unapproved temporary Looks like there are unapproved temporary
wires run from electric line servicing exit sign. wires run from electric line servicing exit sign. Other observations: a) poor housekeeping; b) Other observations: a) poor housekeeping; b)
uncovered telecommunications panel and uncovered telecommunications panel and disorderly arrangement of phone lines.disorderly arrangement of phone lines.
Video
14
What is Behavior-
Based Safety?
Behavior-Based SafetyBehavior-Based Safety is a process that helps employees identify and choose a safe behavior over an unsafe one.
Handout
Behavior Based Safety
Gary Peacock
Safety Consultant
Ohio BWC
ObjectivesObjectives
The benefits of behavior-based The benefits of behavior-based systems.systems.
The basic principles of how to The basic principles of how to motivate safe behavior.motivate safe behavior.
A company’s readiness for behavior-A company’s readiness for behavior-based safety.based safety.
Compare and contrast the different Compare and contrast the different behavior-based systems on the market behavior-based systems on the market today.today.
Why Safety Programs Do Why Safety Programs Do Not Work:Not Work:
Safety is a Safety is a prioritypriority, not a , not a valuevalue!!Safety is Safety is notnot managed in the managed in the
same manner as production, same manner as production, quality, and cost issues!quality, and cost issues!
Safety is Safety is notnot driven through driven through continuous improvement!continuous improvement!
““Fallacies or Realities” in Fallacies or Realities” in Safety Fables?Safety Fables?
Conditions cause accidents!Conditions cause accidents!Enforcing rules improves safety!Enforcing rules improves safety!Safety professionals can keep Safety professionals can keep
workers safe!workers safe!Low accident rates indicate safety Low accident rates indicate safety
programs are working well!programs are working well! Investigating to find the root cause of Investigating to find the root cause of
accidents will improve safety!accidents will improve safety!Awareness training improves safety!Awareness training improves safety!Rewards improve safety!Rewards improve safety!
Core Elements in Core Elements in Successful Safety Successful Safety
ProgramsPrograms
A culture that says “safety” is A culture that says “safety” is important around here!important around here!
A tight accountability system!A tight accountability system!
• An excellent tool for collecting data on the quality of a company’s safety management system
• A scientific way to understand why people behave the way they do when it comes to safety
• Properly applied, an effective next step towards creating a truly pro-active safety culture where loss prevention is a core value
• Conceptually easy to understand but often hard to implement and sustain
Behavior Based Safety: What Is It?
• Only about observation and feedback
• Concerned only about the behaviors of line employees
• A substitution for traditional risk management techniques
• About cheating & manipulating people & aversive control
• A focus on incident rates without a focus on behavior
• A process that does not need employee involvement
Behavior Based Safety: What It Is Not!
Obstacles To Success:Obstacles To Success:Poorly Maintained FacilitiesPoorly Maintained FacilitiesTop-down Management Top-down Management
PracticesPracticesPoor Planning/ExecutionPoor Planning/ExecutionInadequate TrainingInadequate Training
Keys to Success:Keys to Success:
Meaningful Employee Meaningful Employee EmpowermentEmpowerment
Designing a Well Planned and Designing a Well Planned and Supported BBS ProcessSupported BBS Process
Managing BBS Process with Managing BBS Process with IntegrityIntegrity
What percentage of accidents What percentage of accidents are a result of:are a result of:
Unsafe conditions, OSHA violations, Unsafe conditions, OSHA violations, dangerous equipment? _____%dangerous equipment? _____%
Unsafe actions, at-risk behaviors, Unsafe actions, at-risk behaviors, poor decisions? _____%poor decisions? _____%
What percentage of accidents What percentage of accidents are a result of:are a result of:
Unsafe conditions, OSHA violations, Unsafe conditions, OSHA violations, dangerous equipment? dangerous equipment? 6%6%
Unsafe actions, at-risk behaviors, Unsafe actions, at-risk behaviors, poor decisions? poor decisions? 94%94%
Therefore, compliance is Therefore, compliance is necessarynecessary but not but not sufficientsufficient
for great safety.for great safety.
Safety is about Safety is about peoplepeople, and , and behaviorbehavior is the challenge. is the challenge.
Traditional SafetyTraditional Safety
Fewer Fewer AccidentsAccidents
Safety Safety TrainingTraining
PoliciesPoliciesSlogansSlogans
Safety Safety MeetingsMeetings
Contests Contests & &
AwardsAwards
Committees Committees & Councils& Councils
RReepprriimmaannddss
RReegguullaattiioonnss
Behavior Based SafetyBehavior Based Safety
Safety Safety ActivitiesActivities
Fewer at-risk Fewer at-risk BehaviorsBehaviors
Fewer Fewer AccidentsAccidents
What Behavior-based What Behavior-based is...is...
Safe People vs Safe Places
Injuries EqualManagement Errors
Behavior Management
Measure Behaviorsvs Results
Observation & Feedback
Positive Reinforcement
Organizational Performance Organizational Performance ModelModel
Great Performance
Systems Behaviors
Climate
Systems
• Accountability
• Communication
• Decision Making
• Measurement
• Orientation
• Training
• Employment
• Auditing
BehaviorsBehaviorsHonesty and Honesty and
IntegrityIntegrity
Ask for help Ask for help without taking without taking responsibilityresponsibility
RecognitionRecognition
Observation Observation and and feedbackfeedback
TrustTrust
Listen with Listen with empathyempathy
Climate VariablesClimate Variables Confidence/trustConfidence/trust Interest in peopleInterest in people Understanding Understanding
problemsproblems Training/helpingTraining/helping Teaching to solve Teaching to solve
problemsproblems Much informationMuch information ApproachabilityApproachability RecognitionRecognition
- Rensis Likert
Turn & TalkTurn & Talk
What is the What is the primary purpose of primary purpose of a supervisor?a supervisor?
What is the most What is the most effective way to effective way to motivate people?motivate people?
Activators (what needs to be done)
Competencies (how it needs to be done)
Consequences (what happens if it is done)
Human Behavior is a function of :
Human behavior is both:
Observable
Measurable
therefore
Behavior can be managed !
AttitudesAttitudes
AAre inside a person’s head -re inside a person’s head -therefore they therefore they are notare not
observable or measurableobservable or measurable
Attitudes can be changed Attitudes can be changed by changing behaviorsby changing behaviors
however
ABC ModelABC Model
Antecedents Antecedents (trigger behavior)(trigger behavior)
Behavior Behavior (human performance)(human performance)
Consequences Consequences (either reinforce or punish behavior(either reinforce or punish behavior))
Definitions:Definitions: Activators:Activators: A person, A person,
place, thing or event that place, thing or event that happens happens beforebefore a behavior a behavior takes place that takes place that encourages you to encourages you to perform that behavior. perform that behavior.
Activators only set the Activators only set the
stage for behavior or stage for behavior or performance - they don’t performance - they don’t controlcontrol it.it.
Some examples of activators
Behavior: Any directly measurable thing that a person does, including speaking, acting, and performing physical functions.
Definitions:
Some examples of behavior:
Definitions:
Consequences: Events that follow behaviors.
Consequences increase or decrease the probability that the behaviors will occur again in the future.
Oh please let it be Bob!
If you don’t send in that payment we’ll take you to
court
Behavioral ModelBehavioral Model
B = f (c)Antecedents
Behaviors
Consequences
Some example of Consequences:
Consequences - How would you view them?
Sunbathing
Aggressive Drivers
Positive Reinforcement (R+)Positive Reinforcement (R+)("Do this & you'll be rewarded")("Do this & you'll be rewarded")
Negative Reinforcement (R-)Negative Reinforcement (R-)("Do this or else you'll be penalized")("Do this or else you'll be penalized")
Punishment (P)Punishment (P)("If you do this, you'll be penalized")("If you do this, you'll be penalized")
Extinction (E)Extinction (E)("Ignore it and it'll go away")("Ignore it and it'll go away")
Only 4 Types of Only 4 Types of Consequences:Consequences:
Behavior
Consequences Influence Consequences Influence Behaviors Based Upon Behaviors Based Upon
IndividualIndividual Perceptions of: Perceptions of:
TimingTiming - - immediate or futureimmediate or future
ConsistencyConsistency - - certain or uncertaincertain or uncertain
Significance - positive or negative {
Magnitude - large or small
Impact - personal or other
Consequences need to be ...Consequences need to be ...
Soon vs Delayed
Certain vs
Uncertain
Positive vs Negative
Personalvs
Organizational
Both Positive (R+) & Both Positive (R+) & Negative (R-) Negative (R-)
Reinforcement Can Reinforcement Can Increase BehaviorIncrease BehaviorR+R+ : : any consequence that follows a any consequence that follows a
behavior and increases the probability behavior and increases the probability that the behavior will occur more often in that the behavior will occur more often in the future - the future - You get something you wantYou get something you want
R-R- : : a consequence that strengthens any a consequence that strengthens any behavior that reduces or terminates the behavior that reduces or terminates the behavior - behavior - You escape or avoid something You escape or avoid something you don’t wantyou don’t want
53
Good safety suggestion Joe! Keep bringing
‘em up!
R+
R-
One more report like this and you’re
outa here!!
54
Performance Time
R+
The effects of positive reinforcement
55
Performance Time
P
The effects of punishment
Why is one sign often ignored, the other one often followed?
To create conditions that encourage people to collaborate because they want to
not because they have to
Let’s do it!!
The Behavior Based Safety Challenge:
PerformanceMotivation
Motivation Model
Ability
PerformanceMotivation
Selection -Can they do it
Training -Do they know
how
Motivation Model
Ability
PerformanceMotivation
Job Climate -Boss & Peer relationships,
Work environment
Selection -Can they do it
Training -Do they know
how
Motivation Model
Ability
The Job Itself -Any fun, challenge
PerformanceMotivationJob Motivational
Factors Achievement, Promotion,
Recognition, Responsibility
Job Climate -Boss & Peer relationships,
Work environment
Selection -Can they do it
Training -Do they know
how
Motivation Model
Ability
The Job Itself -Any fun, challenge
PerformanceMotivation
Union -Norms,
Pressures
Peer Groups -Norms, Pressures
Job Motivational Factors
Achievement, Promotion, Recognition, Responsibility
Job Climate -Boss & Peer relationships,
Work environment
Selection -Can they do it
Training -Do they know
how
Motivation Model
Ability
Accident CausationAccident Causation
DOTS ModelDOTS Model
Logical decision in
his/her situation
Logical decision in
his/her situation
Workstat’n design
Workstat’n design
Incomp’ble displays/
Controls or job design
Incomp’ble displays/
Controls or job design
Capacity with Load in a
State
Capacity with Load in a
State
Decision to errDecision to err
TrapsTraps
Overload ormismatch
Overload ormismatch
Human Error
Human Error
Acc or incid’tAcc or incid’t
Injury or
loss
Injury or
loss
Systems Failure
Systems Failure
Causation Model
D O T S
Perceived lowprobability
Peer pressureMeasures of the bossPerceived priorities of mgt
Peer pressureMeasures of the bossPerceived priorities of mgt
Of the incident occurring
Of a loss resulting
Logical decision in his/her situation
Logical decision in his/her situation
Perceived low
probability
Decision to Err
Decision to Err
S Causation ModelD O T S
Natural endowmentPhysical capability
Knowledge skillDrugs / alcohol
Information processing
EnvironmentWorry / stress
FatigueLCUs
Natural endowmentPhysical capability
Knowledge skillDrugs / alcohol
Information processing
EnvironmentWorry / stress
FatigueLCUs
Capacity
with
Load
in a
State
Capacity
with
Load
in a
State
Overloador a
Mismatch
Overloador a
Mismatch
Causation ModelD O T S
Size, force, feel, repetition
reach
Size, force, feel, repetition
reach
Stereotypes, Human capabilities,
Expectations,Inconsistencies
Workstation orJob design
Workstation orJob design
Incompatible displays or
controls
TrapsTraps
Causation ModelD O T S
• Lack of Policy / Guidelines / Practices• Poorly defined responsibility• No authority to act• Little accountability or measurement• No analysis of incidents• No orientation of new / transferred staff• Lack of clear SOPs / Standards
Systems CausesSystems Causes
Causation ModelD O T S
TrapsTraps
Overload ormismatch
Overload ormismatch
Human Error
Human Error
Acc or incid’t
Acc or incid’t
Injury or
loss
Injury or
loss
Systems Failure
Systems Failure
Decision to Err
Causation ModelD O T S
BenefitsBenefitsofof
Behavior-based ApproachesBehavior-based Approaches
Average Reduction of Injury Frequency
• Implementation of BBS• After 1 year 34%• After 2 years 44%• After 3 years 61%• After 4 years 71%
Safety Intervention Strategies(By NSC)
Approach # of Studies # of Subjects Reduction %
Behavior Based 7 2,444 59.6%Ergonomics 3 n/a 51.6%
Engineering Change 4 n/a 29.0% Problem Solving 1 76 20.0% Gov’t Action 2 2 18.3% Mgt. Audits 4 n/a 17.0%
Stress Management 2 1,300 15.0%Poster Campaign 26,100 14.0%
Personnel Selection 26 19,177 3.7% Near-miss Reports 2 n/a 0%
Why Implement BBS?
• Safety is about people.• Compliance is not sufficient.• Consequences drive behavior.• Motivating• Performance Feedback
Why Implement BBS?
• Truly proactive• Broad awareness• Deep Involvement• Proven effective• Transcends workplace safety
Three Essential Questions
What behaviors are being observed?
Why are those behaviors present?
Now What will be done to correct the system deficiencies?
BBS FeaturesStrengths / Weaknesses
►Peer to peer observation►Supervisory observation►Behavior audit►Snapshot►Software support►Customized behavior inventories►General behavior inventories►Emphasis on skilled coaching and feedback
Roles and Responsibilities
►Workers►Observers / Supervisors►Safety Staff►Managers►Safety Involvement Team
Are You Readyfor
Behavior-Based Safety?
Safety Culture Wheel
0
4
8
12Leadership
Systems & Processes
InvolvementOrganizational Style
Measurement &Accountability
The ESPM Culture Wheel
Rate Each Statement on a Scale Rate Each Statement on a Scale from 0 to 3from 0 to 3
0= Weakness0= Weakness1=Some aspects covered1=Some aspects covered2=Could be improved2=Could be improved3=Strength3=Strength
LeadershipLeadership
—Leadership commitment to safety is Leadership commitment to safety is active, visible, and livelyactive, visible, and lively
—A clear and inspiring vision has been A clear and inspiring vision has been established for safe performanceestablished for safe performance
—Safety is viewed and treated as a line Safety is viewed and treated as a line management responsibilitymanagement responsibility
—Safety is clearly perceived as an Safety is clearly perceived as an organizational value on the same organizational value on the same level with productivity and qualitylevel with productivity and quality
Systems & ProcessesSystems & Processes
―Supervisors and workers partner to find Supervisors and workers partner to find and correct systems causes of incidentsand correct systems causes of incidents
―Communication systems are abundant, Communication systems are abundant, effective and flow well in all directionseffective and flow well in all directions
―Training systems deliberately and Training systems deliberately and systematically create competency for systematically create competency for the right people at the right timethe right people at the right time
―Safe operating procedures and policies Safe operating procedures and policies are clearly defined and communicatedare clearly defined and communicated
InvolvementInvolvement
―Workers are skilled at problem solving Workers are skilled at problem solving and decision makingand decision making
―Labor and management work together Labor and management work together to address safety systems issuesto address safety systems issues
―Team orientation achieves involvement Team orientation achieves involvement and cooperationand cooperation
― Innovation, participation and Innovation, participation and suggestions are encouraged at all levelssuggestions are encouraged at all levels
Organizational StyleOrganizational Style
―Trust and openness are the normTrust and openness are the norm―Positive reinforcement is used regularlyPositive reinforcement is used regularly―Bureaucratic obstacles are removedBureaucratic obstacles are removed―There is formal and informal recognition There is formal and informal recognition
for great performance at all levelsfor great performance at all levels
Measurement and AccountabilityMeasurement and Accountability
―All levels of the organization have All levels of the organization have safety goals and process safety goals and process responsibilities clearly definedresponsibilities clearly defined
―The process of achieving results is a The process of achieving results is a key safety measurekey safety measure
―Performance reviews include Performance reviews include accountability for safe performance at accountability for safe performance at all levelsall levels
―Supervision is accountable to perform Supervision is accountable to perform safety observations and feedbacksafety observations and feedback
How Do You Deal with Safety?How Do You Deal with Safety?
LeaderLeader culture that strongly values & supports EHSculture that strongly values & supports EHS continuous improvementcontinuous improvement
FollowerFollower compliance mindedcompliance minded view safety as a legal responsibility with little or no valueview safety as a legal responsibility with little or no value
GamblerGambler lack knowledge, resources, will to even achieve lack knowledge, resources, will to even achieve
compliancecompliance manage safety with eyes closed and fingers crossedmanage safety with eyes closed and fingers crossed
How Is Your Organization Managed?How Is Your Organization Managed?
Safety must be in harmony with the way the Safety must be in harmony with the way the organization is managedorganization is managed Do we want production and safety?Do we want production and safety? Do we want production with safety?Do we want production with safety? Do we want safe production?Do we want safe production?
Goal: Efficient production which maximizes profitGoal: Efficient production which maximizes profit
Integrated or artificially introduced program?Integrated or artificially introduced program? How we do business - a state of mind that must How we do business - a state of mind that must
become an integral part of each and every procedure become an integral part of each and every procedure in the companyin the company
Behavior Based SafetyBehavior Based Safety
Three major sub-systems to deal with:Three major sub-systems to deal with: The physical, the managerial, the behavioralThe physical, the managerial, the behavioral
Identifying critical at-risk behaviors Identifying critical at-risk behaviors andand the the systems that support themsystems that support them
At-Risk BehaviorAt-Risk Behavior normal human behaviornormal human behavior people reacting to their environmentpeople reacting to their environment
Deal with the Deal with the causescauses of the at-risk behavior, not of the at-risk behavior, not the behaviorthe behavior change the environment that leads to the at-risk behaviorchange the environment that leads to the at-risk behavior
There is no one right way to achieve safe production in There is no one right way to achieve safe production in an organization. For a safety system to be effective an organization. For a safety system to be effective it must fit the organization’s culture and it must:it must fit the organization’s culture and it must:
Force supervisory performanceForce supervisory performanceInvolve middle managementInvolve middle managementHave top mgt. visibly showing their Have top mgt. visibly showing their
commitmentcommitmentHave employee participationHave employee participationBe flexibleBe flexibleBe perceived as positiveBe perceived as positive Dan PetersenDan Petersen
Are You Ready?Are You Ready?
LEADERSHIPLEADERSHIP Organization needs to be fundamentally prepared for Organization needs to be fundamentally prepared for
itit Success = taking on and resolving central organizational Success = taking on and resolving central organizational
issuesissues
Major change initiative for most companiesMajor change initiative for most companies ChangeChange
not easynot easy often resisted w/ vigor and ingenuityoften resisted w/ vigor and ingenuity failed change efforts create skepticism, cynicism and failed change efforts create skepticism, cynicism and
apathyapathy
Whether in production, quality, or safety the ultimate Whether in production, quality, or safety the ultimate responsibility rests with leadership.responsibility rests with leadership.
Are You Ready?Are You Ready?
SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Basic systems must be in place:Basic systems must be in place: Safety - AI, hazard recognition, recordkeeping, etc…Safety - AI, hazard recognition, recordkeeping, etc… Management - decision-making, inventory, Management - decision-making, inventory,
budgeting, etc…budgeting, etc… Facilities/Equipment - design, maintenance, etc…Facilities/Equipment - design, maintenance, etc…
If BBS is not integrated as a system it is likely If BBS is not integrated as a system it is likely to burn-outto burn-out
Are You Ready?Are You Ready?
INVOLVEMENTINVOLVEMENT
Engaging and sustaining employee involvement Engaging and sustaining employee involvement is the driving mechanismis the driving mechanism
When employee involvement is not adequately When employee involvement is not adequately engaged, BBS becomes just another programengaged, BBS becomes just another program
Management involvement is crucialManagement involvement is crucial often subvert implementation by not understanding often subvert implementation by not understanding
BBS principlesBBS principles
Are You Ready?Are You Ready?
ORGANIZATIONAL STYLEORGANIZATIONAL STYLE
Must be functioning at a high level of Must be functioning at a high level of effectiveness or be willing to address obstacles effectiveness or be willing to address obstacles to high level functioningto high level functioning
Effective organizational functioning includes:Effective organizational functioning includes: CommunicationCommunication Trust and credibility between management and workersTrust and credibility between management and workers RespectRespect VisionVision
Are You Ready?Are You Ready?
MEASUREMENT & ACCOUNTABILITYMEASUREMENT & ACCOUNTABILITY
What gets measured gets doneWhat gets measured gets done
Clearly defined roles and responsibilities at every Clearly defined roles and responsibilities at every levellevel Accountability v ResponsibilityAccountability v Responsibility
Performance v ResultsPerformance v Results
Safety Director - a lot of responsibility, very little Safety Director - a lot of responsibility, very little authorityauthority Not everyone is responsible for safety until they are held Not everyone is responsible for safety until they are held
accountableaccountable
People? Time? Facilities? Outcome?
Perception Survey 100 yes/no opinion oriented questions Pencil & paper survey Anonymous responses
All Maximize size of group
30 min Lunch room Auditorium
Percent positive response in21 safety related categories
By location by level
Structured Interviews Facilitated group discussion 2 safety process questions Confidential
Focus groups of 10-12people (25% of pop.)
Representing the wholeorganization
Segregate mgmt &labor
75 min pergroup
Privateconference areawith ample roomand table to write
Ranked list of improvementrecommendations
• System strengths• System weaknesses• Recommendations• Next steps
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Deliverable
AssessmentProcess
SampleSurvey
The Ohio Division of Safety & HygienePERCEPTION SURVEY
PART 1
A. Enter your work location: B. Enter your shift: _____________ (Example: production, office, etc.)
___________________________
C. Circle your job function: D. Enter years with company: ____ Line worker, supervisor, or manager
___________________________
PART 2
Y N 1. Do you feel you received adequatejob training?
Y N 2. Do supervisors discussaccidents and injuries with employeesinvolved?
Y N 3. Is discipline usually assessed whenoperating procedures are violated?
Y N 4. Would a safety incentive programcause you to work more safely?
Y N 5. Do you perceive the major cause ofaccidents to be unsafe conditions?
Y N 6. Does your company activelyencourage employees to work safely?
Y N 7. Is safety considered important bymanagement?
Y N 8. Are supervisors more concernedabout their safety record than aboutaccident prevention?
Y N 9. Do you think penalties should beassessed for safety and health violations?
Y N 10. Have you used the safetyinvolvement teams to get action on acomplaint or hazard which concernedyou?
Y N 11. Is high hazard equipmentinspected more thoroughly than otherequipment?
Y N 12. Is the amount of safety training givento supervisors adequate?
Y N 13. Have you been asked to performany operations which you felt wereunsafe?
Y N 14. Are records kept of potentialhazards found during violations?
Y N 15. Are employees influenced by yourcompany’s efforts to promote safety?
Y N 16. Are employees providedinformation on such things as cost,frequency, type and cause of accidents?
Y N 17. Does your company dealeffectively with problems caused byalcohol or drug abuse?
Y N 18. Are unscheduled inspections ofoperations made?
Y N 19. Is off-the-job safety a part of yourcompany’s safety program?
Y N 20. Does management insist uponproper medical attention for injuredemployees?
Y N 21. Are safe operating proceduresregularly reviewed with employees?
Y N 22. Are you interested in how yourcompany’s safety record compares withother companies in your industry?
Y N 23. Does your company hireemployees who do not have thephysical ability to safely performassigned duties?
Y N 24. Do your co-workers support thecompany’s safety program?
Y N 25. Do supervisors pay adequateattention to safety matters?
Y N 26. Is safe work behavior recognizedby supervisors?
Y N 27. Do employees participate in thedevelopment of safe work practices?
0
20
40
60
80
100
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Corr
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Involv
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Aw
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Perf
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Managem
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% P
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Manager Supervisor Employee
Survey Results
Safety Observation ProcessSafety Observation Process
Step 1: Step 1: PLANPLAN where and when to make where and when to make observations and recall what to look forobservations and recall what to look for
Step 2: Step 2: OBSERVEOBSERVE worker behavior for worker behavior for safe and at-risk performancesafe and at-risk performance
Step 3: Step 3: COACHCOACH for improved performance for improved performance by positively reinforcing or redirectingby positively reinforcing or redirecting
Step 4: Step 4: RECORDRECORD whatwhat was observed, was observed, whywhy it occurred, and it occurred, and now whatnow what will be done will be done
Step 1: Step 1: PLANPLAN
Determine a time and place to observeDetermine a time and place to observe Review the Observation Memory Jog-R Review the Observation Memory Jog-R
(Tab 6)(Tab 6) Review Feedback and Coaching Tips Review Feedback and Coaching Tips
(Tab 7)(Tab 7)
Step 2: Step 2: OBSERVEOBSERVE
Snapshots of behaviorSnapshots of behavior Allow no distractionsAllow no distractions Observe people and surroundingsObserve people and surroundings Stop any at-risk behavior Stop any at-risk behavior
immediatelyimmediately Stop observing after 30 seconds or Stop observing after 30 seconds or
at-risk behavior is observed, which at-risk behavior is observed, which ever comes firstever comes first
Step 3: Step 3: COACHCOACH
Provide positive reinforcement (R+) Provide positive reinforcement (R+) if safe if safe
Coach by shaping behavior Coach by shaping behavior if at-risk if at-risk
Ignore what you sawIgnore what you saw Discipline Discipline
Step 4: Step 4: RECORDRECORD
Anonymous, specific, timelyAnonymous, specific, timely Safe and At-Risk behaviors on Safe and At-Risk behaviors on
Memory Jog-RMemory Jog-R What, Why, Now WhatWhat, Why, Now What Take ActionTake Action
Observation Exercises
Continuous ImprovementContinuous Improvement
Data CompilationData Compilation Safety Involvement TeamSafety Involvement Team Problem solvingProblem solving Implement solutionsImplement solutions Successful?Successful?
Ohio BWCBBS Software Demo
OBSERVATIONOBSERVATION
Reactive BehaviorReactive Behavior Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment Specific Job RisksSpecific Job Risks Tools and EquipmentTools and Equipment Safe Work PracticesSafe Work Practices ErgonomicsErgonomics
Reactive BehaviorReactive Behavior
Adjusting PPEAdjusting PPEChanging position / Turning awayChanging position / Turning awayStopping work / Attaching safe guardsStopping work / Attaching safe guardsRearranging jobRearranging job
Personal Protective Personal Protective EquipmentEquipment
Head gearHead gearEye protection and face shieldingEye protection and face shieldingHearing protectionHearing protectionRespiratory protectionRespiratory protectionArm and hand coveringArm and hand coveringFoot and leg protectionFoot and leg protection
Specific Job RisksSpecific Job Risks
Strike against or caughtStrike against or caughtLine of fireLine of fireFall, slip hazardFall, slip hazardContact hot, chemical or electricContact hot, chemical or electric Inhale or swallow hazardous substanceInhale or swallow hazardous substance
Tools and EquipmentTools and Equipment
Wrong for the jobWrong for the jobUsed incorrectlyUsed incorrectly In need of repair or maintenanceIn need of repair or maintenanceClutter & poor housekeepingClutter & poor housekeeping
Safe Work PracticesSafe Work Practices
Not definedNot definedNot known or understoodNot known or understood Ignored or done poorlyIgnored or done poorlyNot compatible with taskNot compatible with task
ErgonomicsErgonomics
Forceful exertionsForceful exertionsAwkward posturesAwkward posturesHigh repetitionHigh repetitionLong duration w/o restLong duration w/o rest
Coaching and FeedbackCoaching and Feedbackfor the skilled observerfor the skilled observer
Positive ReinforcementPositive Reinforcement
Give praiseGive praiseExplain why this behavior is right Explain why this behavior is right
and/or safeand/or safeEncourage continued behaviorEncourage continued behavior
Shaping BehaviorShaping Behavior
CommunicateCommunicate the behavior you saw the behavior you sawCheckCheck for understanding of the job for understanding of the jobCoachCoach for improved performance for improved performanceContractContract for safe behavior for safe behavior
Coaching TipsCoaching Tips
Use “I” vs. “You” languageUse “I” vs. “You” languageAppeal to other’s interests and goalsAppeal to other’s interests and goalsReflect feelings or emotions that go Reflect feelings or emotions that go
beyond the wordsbeyond the wordsSet limits to clarify expectationsSet limits to clarify expectationsTalk about the behavior, not the Talk about the behavior, not the
personperson
Coaching Tips Coaching Tips Continued…Continued…
Keep calmKeep calmDon’t personalize emotion of othersDon’t personalize emotion of othersMove to problem solvingMove to problem solvingFocus on interests rather than Focus on interests rather than
positionpositionFind common groundFind common ground
TodayTodayDATE TOPIC11/1
5Guest Presenter – Robert Lynch Virtual OSHA Inspection