WelcomeWelcometoto
“Hazardous Materials Awareness” “Hazardous Materials Awareness”
NFPA Objective 2-1
Acknowledgments
The preparation of this course was made possible The preparation of this course was made possible through the assistance, cooperation, and through the assistance, cooperation, and dedication of many people. The Washington State dedication of many people. The Washington State Patrol / Fire Services Bureau. Washington State Patrol / Fire Services Bureau. Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs and Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs and Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs Hazardous Materials Association of Fire Chiefs Hazardous Materials Division to thank all of the following persons and Division to thank all of the following persons and organizations for their roles in the development of organizations for their roles in the development of this coursethis course
Acknowledgments
1998 Revisions1998 Revisions– Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs, Washington State Association of Fire Chiefs,
Hazardous Materials DivisionHazardous Materials Division Sgt. Roy Glass, Washington State PatrolSgt. Roy Glass, Washington State Patrol Edward B. Lawson, MAFB Fire Dept.Edward B. Lawson, MAFB Fire Dept. Edward Bonollo, Union Gap Fire Dept.Edward Bonollo, Union Gap Fire Dept. Phil Philbin, Auburn Fire Dept.Phil Philbin, Auburn Fire Dept. Dave Sauerbrey, Vancouver Fire DeptDave Sauerbrey, Vancouver Fire Dept
Scope
This course is designed to provide the This course is designed to provide the student with the basic skills necessary to student with the basic skills necessary to safely and effectively manage the initial safely and effectively manage the initial activities of an emergency involving the activities of an emergency involving the uncontrolled release of dangerous uncontrolled release of dangerous chemicalschemicals
Scope
This class focuses on those individuals in This class focuses on those individuals in local jurisdictions who are most likely to local jurisdictions who are most likely to witness or discover a hazardous substance witness or discover a hazardous substance release, and who are expected by their release, and who are expected by their employer to initiate an emergency response employer to initiate an emergency response sequence by notifying the proper authorities sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release, taking no further actionof the release, taking no further action
Scope
This class is best suited for:This class is best suited for:– Emergency prehospital care personnelEmergency prehospital care personnel– Emergency telecommunications officersEmergency telecommunications officers– FirefightersFirefighters– Law enforcement officersLaw enforcement officers– Private industry workersPrivate industry workers– Public works personnelPublic works personnel
Course Goal
The goal of this training shall be to provide The goal of this training shall be to provide first responders with the knowledge and first responders with the knowledge and skills necessary to safely respond to and skills necessary to safely respond to and assess the hazards involved in a chemical assess the hazards involved in a chemical emergency and to make necessary emergency and to make necessary notificationsnotifications
Course Goal
Successful completion of this training Successful completion of this training should provide the student with the should provide the student with the necessary skills to objectively demonstrate necessary skills to objectively demonstrate competency in the following areas:competency in the following areas:
Competencies
An understanding of the potential outcomes An understanding of the potential outcomes associated with an emergency created when associated with an emergency created when hazardous materials are presenthazardous materials are present
The ability to recognize the presence of The ability to recognize the presence of hazardous materials in an emergencyhazardous materials in an emergency
The ability to identify the hazardous The ability to identify the hazardous materials, if possiblematerials, if possible
Competencies
An understanding of the role of the first An understanding of the role of the first responder awareness individual in the responder awareness individual in the employer’s emergency response plan including employer’s emergency response plan including site security and control and the North site security and control and the North American Emergency Response GuidebookAmerican Emergency Response Guidebook
The ability to realize the need for additional The ability to realize the need for additional resources, and to make appropriate resources, and to make appropriate notifications to the communications centernotifications to the communications center
Course Introduction
WelcomeWelcome
Your Instructor(s) are…..Your Instructor(s) are…..– Name, title, background & experienceName, title, background & experience
And you are…..And you are…..– Name, title, background & experienceName, title, background & experience
– ExpectationsExpectations
Course Introduction
Class LogisticsClass Logistics– Start & Finish timesStart & Finish times– Class feesClass fees– Length of class periods & breaksLength of class periods & breaks– TestsTests– Accreditation & certificationAccreditation & certification– Class critiquesClass critiques– Rest roomsRest rooms– MealsMeals
Safety Keypoints
Always consider the possibility of multiple Always consider the possibility of multiple hazard categories in each hazard class.hazard categories in each hazard class.
Approach all hazardous materials incidents Approach all hazardous materials incidents from upwind, upgrade, and upstream, from upwind, upgrade, and upstream, positioning vehicles and apparatus headed positioning vehicles and apparatus headed away from the incident scene.away from the incident scene.
Safety Keypoints
In a hazardous materials incident you may In a hazardous materials incident you may have to delay attending to the injured in have to delay attending to the injured in order to save the lives of many othersorder to save the lives of many others
First operational priority: Isolate the hazard First operational priority: Isolate the hazard area and deny entryarea and deny entry
Safety Keypoints
Only those emergency personnel in the Only those emergency personnel in the proper level of compatible protective proper level of compatible protective clothing and positive pressure self-clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus “who are contained breathing apparatus “who are actively performing emergency operations” actively performing emergency operations” are to operate within the inner perimeterare to operate within the inner perimeter
Safety Keypoints
Minimum safety perimeter for citizens = Minimum safety perimeter for citizens = 1,000 feet beyond the inner perimeter 1,000 feet beyond the inner perimeter boundaries in open areasboundaries in open areas
To avoid inhalation hazards, self-contained To avoid inhalation hazards, self-contained positive pressure breathing apparatus must positive pressure breathing apparatus must be properly worn, used, and maintainedbe properly worn, used, and maintained
Safety Keypoints
Never eat, smoke, or drink at or around Never eat, smoke, or drink at or around hazardous materials incident scenes until hazardous materials incident scenes until you decontaminate and wash your hands, you decontaminate and wash your hands, face, and hair thoroughlyface, and hair thoroughly
Consult protective clothing compatibility Consult protective clothing compatibility data to ensure available protective clothing data to ensure available protective clothing is compatible with the hazardous materials is compatible with the hazardous materials involved in the incidentinvolved in the incident
RESPONSIBILITIES
First Responders at the Awareness Level First Responders at the Awareness Level are expected to:are expected to:– Recognize the presence of hazardous materials Recognize the presence of hazardous materials – Protect themselvesProtect themselves– Call for trained personnelCall for trained personnel– Secure the areaSecure the area
NFPA Objective 2-1.2
Course Goal
The goal of this training at the Awareness The goal of this training at the Awareness Level is to provide first responders with the Level is to provide first responders with the knowledge and skills necessary to perform knowledge and skills necessary to perform the following tasks safely:the following tasks safely:
NFPA Objective 2-1.3
GoalsImplement Actions
Consistent with local emergency response Consistent with local emergency response plans, the organizations standard operating plans, the organizations standard operating procedures, and the current edition of the procedures, and the current edition of the North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response Guidebook by completing the following Guidebook by completing the following tasks;tasks;
NFPA Objective 2-1.3
GoalsImplement Actions
Initiate protective actions consistent with local Initiate protective actions consistent with local emergency response plans, the organization’s emergency response plans, the organization’s standard operating procedures, and the NAERG.standard operating procedures, and the NAERG.
Initiate the notification processInitiate the notification process
NFPA Objective 2-1.3
Hazardous Materials
““Any substance that poses an unreasonable Any substance that poses an unreasonable risk to life, the environment, or property risk to life, the environment, or property when when not properly containednot properly contained.”.”
Identifying the Problem
Increasing number of incidents.Increasing number of incidents. Increased hazardous materials legislation in Increased hazardous materials legislation in
response to public concern.response to public concern. Resolution responsibility of many agencies.Resolution responsibility of many agencies. Previous emergency response training Previous emergency response training
stresses taking stresses taking immediateimmediate action. action.
Basic Safety Guidelines
““Proper safety precautions must be taken to Proper safety precautions must be taken to reduce risks as much as possible.”reduce risks as much as possible.”
Reduce risk through trainingReduce risk through training Responders must be aware of multiple Responders must be aware of multiple
hazardshazards Don’t rush in!!!Don’t rush in!!! Positive attitude toward safety is an important Positive attitude toward safety is an important
part of your protective equipmentpart of your protective equipment
NAERG Safety Guidelines
When approaching a hazardous materials When approaching a hazardous materials incident:incident:– Approach cautiouslyApproach cautiously– Secure the scene Secure the scene – Identify the hazardsIdentify the hazards– Assess the situationAssess the situation– Obtain helpObtain help– Decide on site entryDecide on site entry
Purpose of Intervention
To To favorablyfavorably change the sequence of change the sequence of natural events in order to minimize the natural events in order to minimize the harm to the public, the environment, harm to the public, the environment, property and equipment that would occur property and equipment that would occur by natural stabilization.by natural stabilization.
Risk/Benefit Analysis
The benefit (reducing naturally occurring The benefit (reducing naturally occurring harm) should exceed the risk (harm harm) should exceed the risk (harm attributed to intervention).attributed to intervention).
Risk/Benefit Analysis
LowLow – Protecting environment, property or equipment.Protecting environment, property or equipment.
ModerateModerate– Attempt rescue of person(s) with Attempt rescue of person(s) with lowlow
probability of survival.probability of survival. HighHigh
– Attempt rescue of person(s) with Attempt rescue of person(s) with highhigh probability of survival.probability of survival.
Decision AlgorithmWhat are the outcomes of natural stabilization?
NO
Do nothing except protect exposures.
YES
Does the benefit from my intervention exceed the risk involved?
Do nothing except protect exposures.
YES
Engage in intervention operations as long as the benefit exceeds the risk!
NO
FeedbackLoop
Can I favorably change the outcomes of natural stabilization by my intervention?
Legislative Mandates for Training
WAC 296-62-300Washington Administrative Rule
29 CFR 1910.120Code of Federal Regulations
"Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response"
OSHA Response Levels
First Responder (Awareness level)First Responder (Awareness level) First Responder (Operations level)First Responder (Operations level) Hazardous Materials TechnicianHazardous Materials Technician Hazardous Materials SpecialistHazardous Materials Specialist On-Scene Incident CommanderOn-Scene Incident Commander
First Responder Awareness
Witness or discover a release.Witness or discover a release. Trained to initiate an emergency response Trained to initiate an emergency response
sequence by notifying the proper authorities sequence by notifying the proper authorities of the release.of the release.
Take no further action beyond notifying the Take no further action beyond notifying the proper authorities of the release.proper authorities of the release.
First Responder Operations
Respond to releases as part of initial response to Respond to releases as part of initial response to the site.the site.
Protect nearby persons, property or the Protect nearby persons, property or the environment from the effects of the release.environment from the effects of the release.
Trained to respond in a Trained to respond in a defensivedefensive fashion without fashion without actually trying to stop the release.actually trying to stop the release.
Function is to contain the release from a safe Function is to contain the release from a safe distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent distance, keep it from spreading, and prevent exposures.exposures.
Hazardous Materials Technician
Respond to releases for the purpose of Respond to releases for the purpose of stopping the release.stopping the release.
Trained to respond in an Trained to respond in an offensiveoffensive fashion fashion to actually try to stop the release.to actually try to stop the release.
Approach the point of the release in order to Approach the point of the release in order to plug, patch, or otherwise stop the release.plug, patch, or otherwise stop the release.
Hazardous Materials Specialist
Respond with and provide support to Respond with and provide support to hazardous material technicians.hazardous material technicians.
Their duties require a more directed or Their duties require a more directed or specific knowledge of the various substances specific knowledge of the various substances they may be called upon to contain.they may be called upon to contain.
Act as site liaison with Federal, state, local Act as site liaison with Federal, state, local and other government authorities in regards and other government authorities in regards to site activities.to site activities.
On Scene Incident Commander
Individuals who will assume control of the Individuals who will assume control of the incident scene beyond the first responder incident scene beyond the first responder Awareness level.Awareness level.
This level requires at least Operations-level This level requires at least Operations-level training, as well as training specific to a training, as well as training specific to a hazardous materials incident commander as hazardous materials incident commander as outlined in the federal regulation.outlined in the federal regulation.
NFPA 472, 1997 Edition
Standard for Professional Competence of Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials IncidentsResponders to Hazardous Materials IncidentsConsensus standardsConsensus standards– Based on input from the fire service, private Based on input from the fire service, private
industry, manufacturers and governmental industry, manufacturers and governmental agenciesagencies
– Voluntary complianceVoluntary compliance Unless adopted at the state of local levelUnless adopted at the state of local level ““Standard of care” issuesStandard of care” issues
NFPA 472, 1997 Edition
Competence required of responders to Competence required of responders to hazardous materials incidents.hazardous materials incidents.– First Responder AwarenessFirst Responder Awareness– First Responder OperationsFirst Responder Operations– Hazardous Materials TechnicianHazardous Materials Technician– Hazardous Materials SpecialistHazardous Materials Specialist– On-Scene Incident CommanderOn-Scene Incident Commander
NFPA 472, 1997 Edition
– Private Sector EmployeesPrivate Sector Employees– Hazardous Materials Branch OfficerHazardous Materials Branch Officer– Hazardous Materials Branch Safety OfficerHazardous Materials Branch Safety Officer– Technician with a Tank Car SpecialtyTechnician with a Tank Car Specialty– Technician with a Cargo Tank SpecialtyTechnician with a Cargo Tank Specialty– Technician with an Intermodal Tank SpecialtyTechnician with an Intermodal Tank Specialty
NFPA 473, 1997 Edition
Applies to all organizations that have EMS Applies to all organizations that have EMS responsibilities when responding to responsibilities when responding to hazardous materials incidents.hazardous materials incidents.– Level 1 HazMat/EMSLevel 1 HazMat/EMS– Level 2 HazMat/EMSLevel 2 HazMat/EMS
Emergency Response Planning
Pre-emergency planning & coordination with outside partiesPre-emergency planning & coordination with outside parties Personnel roles, lines of authority, training & communicationPersonnel roles, lines of authority, training & communication Emergency recognition & preventionEmergency recognition & prevention Safe distances & places of refugeSafe distances & places of refuge Site security & controlSite security & control Evacuation routes & proceduresEvacuation routes & procedures DecontaminationDecontamination Emergency medical treatment & first aidEmergency medical treatment & first aid Emergency alerting & response proceduresEmergency alerting & response procedures Critique of response & follow-upCritique of response & follow-up Personal protective clothing & emergency equipmentPersonal protective clothing & emergency equipment
Emergency Response Planning
Local agencies may use the local Local agencies may use the local emergency response plan, such as a city or emergency response plan, such as a city or county plan, in lieu of having their own county plan, in lieu of having their own individual agency plan, as long as it individual agency plan, as long as it contains all of the federally required plan contains all of the federally required plan elements.elements.
Standard Operating Procedures
Local agencies that choose to use the local Local agencies that choose to use the local emergency response plan instead of emergency response plan instead of developing their own individual agency developing their own individual agency plan should, as a minimum, develop the plan should, as a minimum, develop the federally mandated plan elements into federally mandated plan elements into standard operating procedures.standard operating procedures.
Analyzing the IncidentModule I
Given various facility and/or transportation Given various facility and/or transportation scenarios, with and without hazardous scenarios, with and without hazardous materials present, identify those scenarios materials present, identify those scenarios where hazardous materials are present. where hazardous materials are present.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1
Goals Analyze The Incident
To determine both the hazardous materials To determine both the hazardous materials present and the basic response information present and the basic response information by completing the following tasks:by completing the following tasks:– Detect the presence of hazardous materials Detect the presence of hazardous materials
Goals Analyze The Incident
– Survey a hazardous materials incident, from a Survey a hazardous materials incident, from a safe location, to identify the name, UN/NA safe location, to identify the name, UN/NA identification number, or the type of placard identification number, or the type of placard applied applied
– Collect hazard information from the current Collect hazard information from the current edition of the North American Emergency edition of the North American Emergency Response Guidebook (NAERG)Response Guidebook (NAERG)
Hazardous Materials (Dangerous Goods in Canada)
Definition: Definition: Any substance that poses an Any substance that poses an unreasonable risk to the health and safety of unreasonable risk to the health and safety of persons and/or the environment if it is not persons and/or the environment if it is not properly controlled during handling, storage, properly controlled during handling, storage, manufacturing, processing, packaging, use, manufacturing, processing, packaging, use, disposal, or transportation. disposal, or transportation.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Hazardous Material
Definition: Definition: United States Department of United States Department of Transportation (DOT) term that covers all Transportation (DOT) term that covers all hazard classes and divisions.hazard classes and divisions.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Hazardous Substance
Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals that, if EPA term for chemicals that, if released into the environment above a certain released into the environment above a certain amount, must be reported, and depending on amount, must be reported, and depending on the threat to the environment, federal the threat to the environment, federal involvement handling the incident can be involvement handling the incident can be authorized.authorized.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Extremely Hazardous Substances
Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals that must EPA term for chemicals that must be reported to the appropriate authorities if be reported to the appropriate authorities if released above the threshold reporting released above the threshold reporting quantity.quantity.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Toxic Chemicals
Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals whose total EPA term for chemicals whose total emissions or release must be reported annually by emissions or release must be reported annually by owners and operators of certain facilities that owners and operators of certain facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed manufacture, process, or otherwise use a listed toxic chemical.toxic chemical.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Hazardous Wastes
Definition: Definition: EPA term for chemicals that are EPA term for chemicals that are regulated under the Resource, regulated under the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act.Conservation, and Recovery Act.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Hazardous Chemicals
Definition: Definition: OSHA term that denotes any OSHA term that denotes any chemical that would be a risk to employees chemical that would be a risk to employees if exposed in the work place.if exposed in the work place.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Dangerous Goods
Definition: Definition: In Canadian transportation, In Canadian transportation, hazardous materials are called dangerous hazardous materials are called dangerous goods.goods.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.1
Identification Methods
DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions with DOT Hazard Classes and Divisions with examples, primary hazards of each class, examples, primary hazards of each class, and their associated placards and labels.and their associated placards and labels.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Hazard Classes and Divisions
DOT has classified hazardous materials DOT has classified hazardous materials according to their primary hazard and according to their primary hazard and assigned standardized symbols to identify assigned standardized symbols to identify the classes. the classes. – NOTENOTE:: Materials are grouped by their major Materials are grouped by their major
hazardous characteristic and many will have hazardous characteristic and many will have other hazards as well.other hazards as well.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1 (Explosives)
Major Hazard: Major Hazard: ExplosionExplosion
Any substance or article, including a Any substance or article, including a device, that is designed to function by device, that is designed to function by explosion explosion (i.e...... an extremely rapid release (i.e...... an extremely rapid release of gas and heat) of gas and heat) or that, by chemical or that, by chemical reaction with itself, is able to function by reaction with itself, is able to function by explosion.explosion.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Divisions
DOT has divided Class 1 hazards into 6 DOT has divided Class 1 hazards into 6 divisions.divisions.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.1
Mass explosion that affects Mass explosion that affects almost the entire loadalmost the entire load– Black powderBlack powder
– DynamiteDynamite
– T-N-TT-N-T
– Blasting capsBlasting caps
– NitroglycerinNitroglycerin
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.2
Projection hazard but Projection hazard but not a mass explosion not a mass explosion hazardhazard– Aerial flaresAerial flares
– Detonation cordDetonation cord
– Power device Power device cartridgescartridges
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.3
Fire hazard and either a Fire hazard and either a minor blast or minor minor blast or minor projection hazardprojection hazard– Liquid-fueled rocket Liquid-fueled rocket
motorsmotors
– Propellant explosives Propellant explosives
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.4
Presents a minor Presents a minor explosion hazardexplosion hazard– Practice ammunitionPractice ammunition
– Signal cartridgesSignal cartridges
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.5
Very insensitive Very insensitive explosives with mass explosives with mass explosion hazardexplosion hazard– Prilled ammonium Prilled ammonium
nitrate fertilizernitrate fertilizer
– Blasting agentsBlasting agents
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 1.6
Extremely insensitive Extremely insensitive explosivesexplosives– Does not have a mass Does not have a mass
explosion hazard.explosion hazard.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 2 Compressed Gases
Major Hazard: Major Hazard: BLEVEBLEVE Sub HazardsSub Hazards
– Flammable Flammable – OxidizerOxidizer– PoisonousPoisonous– CorrosiveCorrosive
Divided into 3 divisionsDivided into 3 divisions
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 2.1 Flammable Gases
A material that is a gas at 68 degrees F or A material that is a gas at 68 degrees F or less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling point of 68 less at 14.7 psi or has a boiling point of 68 degrees or less at 14.7 psi.degrees or less at 14.7 psi.– Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of Ignitable at 14.7 psi in a mixture of 13% 13%
or less by volumeor less by volume– Has a flammable range of at least Has a flammable range of at least 12% 12%
regardless of the lower limit.regardless of the lower limit.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Placard (Flammable)
RedRed background background White frameWhite frame
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
2
FLAMMABLEGAS
Class 2.2 Nonflammable, Nonpoisonous Gases
Any material or mixture that exerts an Any material or mixture that exerts an absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68 degrees F.absolute pressure of 41 psia at 68 degrees F.
Compressed gases, including liquefied gas, Compressed gases, including liquefied gas, pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed pressurized cryogenic gas, and compressed gas in solution.gas in solution.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Placard (Non-Flammable)
Green backgroundGreen background White cylinderWhite cylinder
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
NON-FLAMMABLEGAS
Placard (Oxygen)
Yellow Yellow backgroundbackground Flaming “O”Flaming “O”
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
OXYGEN
Class 2.3 Poisonous Gas
Vaporize easily and very dangerous to life, Vaporize easily and very dangerous to life, even in small amounts. even in small amounts.
Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose Known to be so toxic to humans as to pose a hazard to health during transportation.a hazard to health during transportation.
Presumed to be toxic because of laboratory Presumed to be toxic because of laboratory testing.testing.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
LC-50 (Lethal Concentration, 50%)
Concentration of a material, expressed as Concentration of a material, expressed as parts per million which kills half of the lab parts per million which kills half of the lab animals in a given length of time.animals in a given length of time.
Significant in determining the toxicity of a Significant in determining the toxicity of a material; the lower the value, the more toxic material; the lower the value, the more toxic the substance.the substance.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Examples of Class 2.3 Gases
Anhydrous hydrogen fluorideAnhydrous hydrogen fluoride ArsineArsine Chlorine Chlorine Methyl bromide Methyl bromide Cyanide gasCyanide gas Hydrocyanic acid Hydrocyanic acid DiphosgeneDiphosgene
– 2.4 Gases (Canadian)2.4 Gases (Canadian)
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Placards (Poison Gas)
White backgroundWhite background Skull & crossbonesSkull & crossbones
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
POISON
GAS
2
Class 3 Flammable Liquids
Major Hazard: Major Hazard: Burns readilyBurns readily
Flammable and combustible liquidsFlammable and combustible liquids
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Flammable Liquids
Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of not Any liquid having a flash point (FP) of not more than 141 degrees F.more than 141 degrees F.– Three divisionsThree divisions
3.1 - FP 3.1 - FP < 0 < 0 degrees Fdegrees F 3.2 - FP 3.2 - FP 0 to < 73 0 to < 73 degrees Fdegrees F 3.3 - FP 3.3 - FP 73 to < 141 73 to < 141 degrees Fdegrees F
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Combustible Liquid
Any liquid that does not meet the definition Any liquid that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class and has a flash of any other hazard class and has a flash point above 141 degrees F and below 200 point above 141 degrees F and below 200 degrees F.degrees F.– NOTENOTE: A flammable liquid with a flash point : A flammable liquid with a flash point
at or above 100 degrees that does not meet the at or above 100 degrees that does not meet the definition of any other hazard class except 9, definition of any other hazard class except 9, may be reclassified as combustible.may be reclassified as combustible.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 3 Placards
Flammable:Flammable:– Red Red background, white background, white
flame with the word flame with the word ““FLAMMABLEFLAMMABLE””
– Flame pictographFlame pictograph
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
33
FLAMMABLEFLAMMABLE
Class 3 Placards
Combustible:Combustible:– RedRed background, white background, white
flame with the word flame with the word ““COMBUSTIBLECOMBUSTIBLE” ”
– UN class numberUN class number
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
33
COMBUSTIBLECOMBUSTIBLE
Class 4 (Flammable Solids)
Major Hazard:Major Hazard: Rapid combustion with a Rapid combustion with a liberation of mass quantities of smoke liberation of mass quantities of smoke (toxic).(toxic).– Divided into 3 divisionsDivided into 3 divisions
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
4.1 Flammable Solids
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Three typesThree types– Wetted explosivesWetted explosives– Self-reactive Self-reactive
materialsmaterials– Readily combustible Readily combustible
solidssolids
FLAMMABLESOLID
4
Wetted Explosives
Explosives wetted with sufficient water, Explosives wetted with sufficient water, alcohol, or a plasticizer to suppress explosive alcohol, or a plasticizer to suppress explosive properties.properties.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Self Reactive Materials
Materials that are liable to undergo, at Materials that are liable to undergo, at normal or elevated temperatures, a strongly normal or elevated temperatures, a strongly exothermic decomposition.exothermic decomposition.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Readily Combustible Solids
Solids that may cause a fire through friction Solids that may cause a fire through friction and metal powders that can be ignited.and metal powders that can be ignited.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
Self-heating material - a Self-heating material - a material that, when in material that, when in contact with air and contact with air and without an energy supply, without an energy supply, is liable to self-heat.is liable to self-heat.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
SPONTANEOUSLY
COMBUSTIBLE
4
Pyrophoric Materials
A liquid or solid that, even in small A liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition quantities and without an external ignition source, can ignite within 5 minutes after source, can ignite within 5 minutes after coming in contact with air.coming in contact with air.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Dangerous When Wet Materials
Material that, by contact Material that, by contact with water is liable to with water is liable to become spontaneously become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gas flammable or toxic gas at a rate of greater than at a rate of greater than 1 l/kg.1 l/kg.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
DANGEROUS WHENWET
4
Class 5 (Oxidizers)
2 Divisions2 Divisions Major Hazard 5.1: Major Hazard 5.1: Supports combustion Supports combustion
and intensifies fire.and intensifies fire. Major Hazard 5.2: Major Hazard 5.2: Unstable/reactive Unstable/reactive
explosivesexplosives
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Materials that may, Materials that may, generally by yielding generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance oxygen, cause or enhance the combustion of other the combustion of other materials.materials.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
5.1 Oxidizers
OXIDIZER
5.1
5.2 Organic Peroxides
Any organic compound containing oxygen in Any organic compound containing oxygen in the bivalent O-O structure that may be the bivalent O-O structure that may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals.been replaced by organic radicals.
Organic peroxides have been further broken Organic peroxides have been further broken down into types a-g down into types a-g (worst to least hazardous)(worst to least hazardous)..
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Placard Organic Peroxides
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
ORGANICPEROXIDE
5.2
YellowYellow background background Flaming “O” with words Flaming “O” with words
“Organic Peroxide”“Organic Peroxide”
Class 6 Poisons
Major Hazard: Major Hazard: Toxicity,Toxicity, InfectiousInfectious 2 Divisions2 Divisions
– NOTENOTE: Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3: Poisonous gases are Class 2 Division 3
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
6.1 Poisonous Materials
A material, other than a gas, that is either known A material, other than a gas, that is either known to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to to be so toxic to humans as to afford a hazard to health during transportation, or in the absence of health during transportation, or in the absence of adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to adequate data on human toxicity, is presumed to be toxic to humans, including irritating materials be toxic to humans, including irritating materials that cause irritation.that cause irritation.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
6.1 Placard
White backgroundWhite background Skull and crossbonesSkull and crossbones Poison
6.1
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
6.2 Infectious Substances
A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that A viable microorganism, or its toxin, that causes disease in humans or animals.causes disease in humans or animals.
Infectious substance and etiologic agents Infectious substance and etiologic agents are the same.are the same.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 6 Poisons
Class 6 materials are divided into 3 Class 6 materials are divided into 3 packaging groups (PG).packaging groups (PG).– PG I or II, other than PG I inhalation hazardPG I or II, other than PG I inhalation hazard– PG IIIPG III
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 7 Radioactive
Major HazardMajor Hazard: : Radioactive poisonous Radioactive poisonous burnsburns
Definition: Materials Definition: Materials having a specific having a specific activity greater than activity greater than 0.002 microcurie per 0.002 microcurie per gram. gram.
RADIOACTIVE
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 8 Corrosives
Major Hazard: Major Hazard: burns/emulsification skin damage.burns/emulsification skin damage.
Definition - A liquid or solid that causes visible Definition - A liquid or solid that causes visible or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at or irreversible alterations in human skin tissue at the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe the site of contact, or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 8 Placard
White topWhite top Black bottom Test tubesTest tubes Hand and steel barHand and steel bar
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
CORROSIVE
Class 9 Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
A material that presents a A material that presents a hazard during transport, hazard during transport, but that is not included in but that is not included in another hazard classanother hazard class
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Class 9
Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Division 9.1 - Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods (Canada)Goods (Canada)
Division 9.2 - Environmentally Hazardous Division 9.2 - Environmentally Hazardous Substances (Canada)Substances (Canada)
Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes (Canada)Division 9.3 - Dangerous Wastes (Canada)
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Other Regulated Materials (ORM-D)
A material that presents a limited hazard A material that presents a limited hazard during transportation due to its during transportation due to its – FormForm– QuantityQuantity– PackagingPackaging– No placard No placard
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Forbidden Materials
Materials prohibited from being offered or Materials prohibited from being offered or accepted for transportation. Does not apply accepted for transportation. Does not apply if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or if the materials are diluted, stabilized, or incorporated in devices. There is no placard incorporated in devices. There is no placard for these items since they aren't transported.for these items since they aren't transported.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
System Limitations
Dangerous placardDangerous placard 2,205 lbs or 1,000 kg. limitation2,205 lbs or 1,000 kg. limitation VisibilityVisibility Unclassified materials and exemptionsUnclassified materials and exemptions
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.2
Table 1 Hazard Classes & Placards
1.11.1 Explosives 1.1Explosives 1.1 1.21.2 Explosive 1.2Explosive 1.2 1.31.3 Explosives 1.3Explosives 1.3 2.32.3 Poison GasPoison Gas 4.34.3 Dangerous When Wet Dangerous When Wet 5.25.2 (Organic Peroxide (Organic Peroxide Organic PeroxideOrganic Peroxide
Type B, Liquid or solid, Type B, Liquid or solid,
temperature controlled)temperature controlled) 6.16.1 (PG inhalation hazard, (PG inhalation hazard, Poison Inhalation Hazard Poison Inhalation Hazard
Zone A & B)Zone A & B) 7.07.0 (Radioactive, Yellow Label III)(Radioactive, Yellow Label III) Radioactive 1Radioactive 1
Table 2 Hazard Classes & Placards
1.41.4 Explosives 1.4Explosives 1.4 1.51.5 Explosives 1.5Explosives 1.5 1.61.6 Explosives 1.6Explosives 1.6 2.12.1 Flammable GasFlammable Gas 2.22.2 Non-Flammable GasNon-Flammable Gas 3.03.0 (flammable Liquid)(flammable Liquid) Flammable LiquidFlammable Liquid 3.03.0 (combustible liquid)(combustible liquid) Combustible LiquidCombustible Liquid 4.14.1 Flammable SolidFlammable Solid 4.24.2 Spontaneously CombustibleSpontaneously Combustible 5.15.1 OxidizerOxidizer
Table 2 Hazard Classes & Placards
5.25.2 (other than organic peroxide, Type B)(other than organic peroxide, Type B) Organic PeroxideOrganic Peroxide 6.16.1 (PG I & II, other than, (PG I & II, other than, PoisonPoison
PG I inhalation hazard)PG I inhalation hazard) 6.16.1 (PG III)(PG III) Keep Away From Keep Away From
FoodFood 6.26.2 (None)(None) 8.08.0 CorrosiveCorrosive 9.09.0 Class 9Class 9 ORM-DORM-D (None)(None)
Hazardous Materials Incidents Versus Other Emergencies
Potential for doing great harm since effectsPotential for doing great harm since effects areare
far reaching and severe.far reaching and severe. Responders must be specially trained and Responders must be specially trained and
equipped.equipped. Often have long term effects to the Often have long term effects to the
environment, people, and property. environment, people, and property.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.4
Typical Locations & Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials
WarehousesWarehouses Tank farmsTank farms Weapons depotsWeapons depots HospitalsHospitals
LaboratoriesLaboratories Truck terminalsTruck terminals Flight line areasFlight line areas Maintenance facilitiesMaintenance facilities
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.5
Pre-Incident Planning
People developing pre-incident plans shouldPeople developing pre-incident plans shouldseek assistance from facility seek assistance from facility managers in identifying managers in identifying hazardous materialshazardous materialslocations and recordlocations and recordthem on the plan inthem on the plan ina way that will be usefula way that will be usefulto the first arriving responders.to the first arriving responders.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.5
Remember!!!!!Remember!!!!!
Hazardous materials that are manufactured, Hazardous materials that are manufactured, stored, processed, or used at a particular site stored, processed, or used at a particular site are are NOTNOT subject to regulations affecting subject to regulations affecting transported materials.transported materials.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.5
Typical Container ShapesTypical Container Shapes That May Indicate That May Indicate Hazardous MaterialsHazardous Materials
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Radioactive Container Shapes
Protective overpacksProtective overpacks– Cylindrical configurationCylindrical configuration
– Boxlike configurationBoxlike configuration
CasksCasks– Rigid metal packagingRigid metal packaging
– Reinforcing rings and cooling finsReinforcing rings and cooling fins
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
FiberboardFiberboardWooden BoxesWooden Boxes
Steel DrumsSteel DrumsNFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Radioactive Container Shapes
Pressurized Container Shapes
CylindersCylinders MC-331 tank trailerMC-331 tank trailer Pressure tank carPressure tank car Tube trailers, tube modules, high pressure Tube trailers, tube modules, high pressure
tube carstube cars
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
MC 331
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Bolted ManwayBolted Manway Large Hemishpere EndsLarge Hemishpere Ends
Cage Around PipingCage Around Piping
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Pressure Tank Car
100 to 600 psi
Expansion DomeNo visible Fittings
4,000 - 45,000
gallons
Flammable/Nonflammable Gases Poison Gases
High Pressure Tube Trailer
Permanently Attached Horizontal CylindersPermanently Attached Horizontal Cylinders
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Cryogenic Containers
Tank-within-a-tank or “Thermos bottle” Tank-within-a-tank or “Thermos bottle” designdesign
Absence of top fittings on most containersAbsence of top fittings on most containers
– MC - 338MC - 338– Cryogenic tank carCryogenic tank car
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
MC 338
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Loading/Unloading Loading/Unloading Station at RearStation at Rear
Ends Normally FlatEnds Normally Flat
Loading Sometimes Loading Sometimes Located HereLocated Here
Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car
Low Pressure Liquids (25 psig or lower)
Refrigerated to -155 degrees and belowNFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Corrosive Containers
CarboysCarboys– Glass or plastic bottlesGlass or plastic bottles
– Encased in a protective boxEncased in a protective box MC - 312MC - 312
– Long thin tank with stiffener ringsLong thin tank with stiffener rings
– Working platform on topWorking platform on top
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Carboy in PolystyreneCarboy in Polystyrene
Carboy in Wooden BoxCarboy in Wooden Box
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Corrosive Containers
Rounded EndsRounded Ends Exterior Stiffner RingsExterior Stiffner Rings
MC 312
Small DiameterSmall Diameter“Cigar Shape”“Cigar Shape”
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Flammable Liquid Containers
DrumsDrums JerricansJerricans MC - 306MC - 306 Non-pressure tank carNon-pressure tank car
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
MC 306
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Longitudinal Rollover Protection
Valving and Unloading Valving and Unloading Controls Under TankControls Under Tank
Oval Cross SectionOval Cross Section
Non-Pressure Tank Car Also called “General Service”
or “Low Pressure”
4,000 - 45,000
gallons
No Expansion DomeVisible Fittings
Older cars have expansion domes
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Dry Bulk Containers
Pneumatic hopper trailerPneumatic hopper trailer– ““V” shaped bottomV” shaped bottom– Rounded sides and sloping endsRounded sides and sloping ends
Pneumatically unloaded hopper carPneumatically unloaded hopper car– ““V” shaped bottomV” shaped bottom– Flat or rounded sidesFlat or rounded sides
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Dry Bulk Carriers
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.6
Compressor UnitCompressor Unit
Large Sloping “V” Shaped BottomLarge Sloping “V” Shaped Bottom
UN/NA ID Numbers
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
POISON
GAS
2
1026
UN Class numbers UN Class numbers (bottom of placard)(bottom of placard)
Hazard class or ID numberHazard class or ID numberon placard or orange panelon placard or orange panel
Symbols and colorsSymbols and colors
Name of materialName of material
Class 1, Division 1
Materials that present a Materials that present a mass denotation hazard mass denotation hazard
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Class 1, Division 2
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Presents an explosion with Presents an explosion with fragmentation hazardfragmentation hazard
Class 1, Division 3
Materials with aMaterials with amass fire hazardmass fire hazard
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Class 1, Division 4
Materials that present Materials that present a moderate fire hazarda moderate fire hazard
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Special Warnings
Chemical hazardsChemical hazards
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Highly ToxicHighly Toxic Harassing AgentsHarassing Agents White Phosphorus White Phosphorus
MunitionsMunitions
Special Warnings
Apply No WaterApply No Water
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Wear Protective Wear Protective Breathing ApparatusBreathing Apparatus
Special HazardCommunication Markings
Hazardous Materials Information System Hazardous Materials Information System
PCB LabelsPCB Labels
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Pipeline Markers
Pipeline markers arePipeline markers areusually metal signs usually metal signs placed adjacent to a placed adjacent to a hazardous materials hazardous materials pipeline right of way.pipeline right of way.
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
Petroleum
Pipeline Markers
Ownership of LineOwnership of Line– Name of carrierName of carrier– Phone numberPhone number
Signal WordSignal Word– CautionCaution– WarningWarning– DangerDanger
Transported CommodityTransported CommodityNFPA Objective 2-2.1.7
NFPA 704 Markings
Suggested method for identifying Suggested method for identifying hazardous materialshazardous materials
Scale of 0-4 Scale of 0-4 (4 being the worst hazard)(4 being the worst hazard) Used only for facilities when mandated Used only for facilities when mandated
by local ordinancesby local ordinances
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8
312
NFPA 704 Colors and Their Meanings
1. Blue 1. Blue = = HealthHealth
2. Red2. Red = = FlammabilityFlammability
3. Yellow3. Yellow = = ReactivityReactivity
4. White = Special4. White = Special W_11
22
33
44NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8
3
- Too Dangerous to Enter --Vapor or Liquid
- Extremely Dangerous --Use Full Protective Clothing
- Hazardous --Use Breathing Apparatus
- Slightly Hazardous
- Like Ordinary Material
HEALTH4
3
2
1
0
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8
2
FLAMMABILITY- Extremely Flammable
- Ignites at Normal Temperatures
- Ignites When Moderately Heated
- Must Be Preheated to Burn
- Will Not Burn
4
3
2
1
0NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8
1
- May Detonate -- Evacuate Area if Materials are Exposed to Fire
- Strong Shock or Heat May Detonate -- Use Monitors From Behind Explosion Resistant Barriers
- Violent Chemical Change Possible -- Use Hose Streams From Distance
- Unstable if Heated-- Use Normal Precautions
- Normally Stable
REACTIVITY
4
3
2
1
0NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8
W
SPECIALINFORMATION
- Avoid Use of Water
- Oxidizer
- Used by some to Indicate Alkaline Materials
- Used by Some to Indicate Acidic Materials
W
OX
ALK
ACID
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.7.8
Material Safety Data Sheets
Why they are necessaryWhy they are necessary– Federal LawFederal Law– Right to knowRight to know– Mandatory local communication on hazardMandatory local communication on hazard
OSHA requirementsOSHA requirements– Central locationCentral location– With facility manager/employer With facility manager/employer
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10.1
MSDS (Basic Information)
Manufactures name and locationManufactures name and location Name and family of chemicalName and family of chemical Hazardous ingredientsHazardous ingredients Physical dataPhysical data Fire and explosion dataFire and explosion data
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10
MSDS (Basic Information)
Health Hazard DataHealth Hazard Data Spill or Leak ProceduresSpill or Leak Procedures Special Protection InformationSpecial Protection Information Special PrecautionsSpecial Precautions
Material Safety Data Sheets
MSDS EntriesMSDS Entries– General InformationGeneral Information– Hazardous ingredients statementHazardous ingredients statement– Physical dataPhysical data– Fire and explosion dataFire and explosion data– Spill and leak control proceduresSpill and leak control procedures
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10
Material Safety Data Sheets
Special Protection InformationSpecial Protection Information Special Precautions (Other as necessary)Special Precautions (Other as necessary) Health and Reactivity Hazard DataHealth and Reactivity Hazard Data
– Including Toxicology InformationIncluding Toxicology Information– Signs and Symptoms of ExposureSigns and Symptoms of Exposure– Emergency CareEmergency Care– Chemical Incompatibilities and its Chemical Incompatibilities and its
decomposition products!decomposition products!
Shipping Paper Entries
Proper shipping nameProper shipping name
Hazard class or divisionHazard class or division
Product Identification NumberProduct Identification Number
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10
Titles of Shipping Papers
Highway - Bill of lading/freight billHighway - Bill of lading/freight bill Rail Rail - Waybill and consist - Waybill and consist WaterWater - Dangerous cargo manifest - Dangerous cargo manifest AirAir - Air bill with shippers - Air bill with shippers
certification certification for restricted articles for restricted articles
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10.4
Location of Shipping Papers, Responsible Person
Highway - cab of vehicle - DriverHighway - cab of vehicle - Driver Rail- Engine or caboose - with conductor or Rail- Engine or caboose - with conductor or
engineerengineer Water - Wheelhouse or pipelike container on Water - Wheelhouse or pipelike container on
a barge - Captain or mastera barge - Captain or master Air - Cockpit/flightdeck or attached to Air - Cockpit/flightdeck or attached to
package - pilotpackage - pilot
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.9.5NFPA Objective 2-2.1.10.4
Identification Clues
Examples of clues (other than occupancy/ Examples of clues (other than occupancy/ location, container shape, markings/colors, location, container shape, markings/colors, placards/labels, MSDS, and shipping papers) placards/labels, MSDS, and shipping papers) that use the senses of sight, sound and odor that use the senses of sight, sound and odor to indicate hazardous materials. to indicate hazardous materials.
NFPA Objective 2-1.11
Using Senses to Detect Hazardous Materials
Odor Sight Sound Informal Methods
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.11
Targets for Criminal or Terrorist Activity
– Places of public assemblyPlaces of public assembly– Public buildingsPublic buildings– Mass transit systemMass transit system– Places of high economic impactPlaces of high economic impact– Telecommunications activitiesTelecommunications activities– Places of historical or symbolic significancePlaces of historical or symbolic significance
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.13
Indications of Terrorist or Criminal Activity
– Equipment that is not relevant to a locationEquipment that is not relevant to a location– Intentional releases of hazardous materialsIntentional releases of hazardous materials– Unexplained illness or deathUnexplained illness or death– Unusual odors or tastesUnusual odors or tastes– IrritationsIrritations– Unusual security measuresUnusual security measures
NFPA Objective 2-2.1.14
Given Examples
Facility and transportation situations Facility and transportation situations involving hazardous materials, the first involving hazardous materials, the first responder at the awareness level shall responder at the awareness level shall identify the hazardous material(s) in each identify the hazardous material(s) in each situation by name, UN/NA identification situation by name, UN/NA identification number, or type placard applied.number, or type placard applied.
NFPA Objective 2-2.2.1
Difficulties in Determining Specific Names
FacilitiesFacilities– Labels or placards missingLabels or placards missing– Label or placard shows no product identifierLabel or placard shows no product identifier– Mixed loadsMixed loads– Error in placarding or labelingError in placarding or labeling– Shipping papers are not accessibleShipping papers are not accessible– Facility Manager or MSDS’s not availableFacility Manager or MSDS’s not available
NFPA Objective 2-2.2.1
Names Sources for ID# or Placards
North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response GuidebookGuidebook
Shipping PapersShipping Papers
NFPA Objective 2-2.2.2
Sources in Facilities
MSDSMSDS
Markings on containersMarkings on containers
Emergency planning documentsEmergency planning documents
NFPA Objective 2-2.2.3
Identify the basic precautions to be taken by Identify the basic precautions to be taken by the awareness level responder to protect the awareness level responder to protect themselves and others in a hazardous themselves and others in a hazardous materials incident. IAW the Emergency materials incident. IAW the Emergency Response Plan (ERP) or SOP’s.Response Plan (ERP) or SOP’s.
Basic Precautions
Isolate the hazard areaIsolate the hazard area– Evacuate those in dangerEvacuate those in danger– Deny entryDeny entry
If evacuation is not possibleIf evacuation is not possible– Provide in-place protectionProvide in-place protection– Keep away from doors and windowsKeep away from doors and windows
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.3
Basic Precautions
Basic precautions to be taken by the awareness Basic precautions to be taken by the awareness level responder are to protect themselves and level responder are to protect themselves and others in a hazardous materials incident IAW others in a hazardous materials incident IAW the Local Emergency Response Plan or SOP’s. the Local Emergency Response Plan or SOP’s.
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4
Providing Medical Care
Precautions necessary when providing Precautions necessary when providing emergency medical care to victims of emergency medical care to victims of hazardous materials. hazardous materials.
Victim may be contaminatedVictim may be contaminated– No PPENo PPE– Understanding your limitations will prevent Understanding your limitations will prevent
you from becoming a victim.you from becoming a victim.
NFPA Objective 2-4.3.1
Typical Ignition Sources
Heated sourcesHeated sources Frictional heatFrictional heat Radiant heatRadiant heat Smoking materialsSmoking materials Lighting open flamesLighting open flames Spontaneous ignitionSpontaneous ignition Static ElectricityStatic Electricity Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.3.2
Ways Hazardous Materials are Harmful
ThermalThermal
MechanicalMechanical
PoisonousPoisonous
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.3.3
CorrosiveCorrosive
AsphyxiationAsphyxiation
RadiationRadiation
General Routes of Entry
ContactContact AbsorptionAbsorption InhalationInhalation IngestionIngestion
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.3.3
Routes of Entryfor Human Exposure
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.3.4
Contact &Contact &
AbsorptionAbsorption IngestionIngestionInhalationInhalation
Given the name, UN/NA identification number or Given the name, UN/NA identification number or type placard, a current copy of the North American type placard, a current copy of the North American Emergency Response Guidebook a local response Emergency Response Guidebook a local response plan and standard operating procedures, and a plan and standard operating procedures, and a facility or transportation scenario including facility or transportation scenario including hazardous materials, collect hazard information, hazardous materials, collect hazard information, initiate protective actions, and the notification initiate protective actions, and the notification process.process.
ObjectivObjectivee
Yellow PagesID Number
Orange PagesGuide Numbers
Green PagesInitial Isolation
Blue PagesChemical Name
NFPA Objective 2-2.3.1
Determine The Appropriate Guidebook Page
Four digit ID# Four digit ID# (yellow pages)(yellow pages) Spelling of the product Spelling of the product (blue pages)(blue pages) Placards (table of placards)Placards (table of placards) Dealing with an unknownDealing with an unknown
– Use Guide #111 Use Guide #111
NFPA Objective 2-2.3.1
General Types of Hazards
Found on Each Guide PageFound on Each Guide Page– Fire and Explosion Fire and Explosion – Health hazardHealth hazard– ““P” polymerization hazardP” polymerization hazard
NFPA Objective 2-2.3.2
Response Information
Emergency actions from numbered guide Emergency actions from numbered guide pagespages
Protective clothingProtective clothing
Initial isolation and protective action Initial isolation and protective action distancesdistances
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4
Protective Clothing
Recommended clothing in the North Recommended clothing in the North American Emergency Response GuidebookAmerican Emergency Response Guidebook
– Street clothingStreet clothing– Structural fire fighter protective clothingStructural fire fighter protective clothing– Positive pressure SCBAPositive pressure SCBA– Chemical-protective clothingChemical-protective clothing
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.1
Protective Actions
North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response Guidebook definitionsGuidebook definitions
– Isolate hazard area and deny entryIsolate hazard area and deny entry– Evacuate the areaEvacuate the area– Sheltering in-placeSheltering in-place
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.2
INITIAL
ISOLATION
DISTANCE
1/2 DOWNWIND1/2 DOWNWIND
DISTANCEDISTANCE
1/2 DOWNWIND1/2 DOWNWIND
DISTANCEDISTANCE
PROTECTIVEACTION ZONE
INITIALISOLATION
ZONE
Initial Isolation Zone and Protective Action Zone
Downwind DistanceDownwind Distance
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.3
Difference between small and large spills as Difference between small and large spills as found in the table of isolation distancesfound in the table of isolation distances– Small spillSmall spill– Large spillLarge spill
Circumstances under which different Circumstances under which different distances are useddistances are used
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.4
Difference Between Orange & Green Pages
Isolation distance in the Orange pagesIsolation distance in the Orange pages– Used to protect from immediate hazardsUsed to protect from immediate hazards– Materials not highlightedMaterials not highlighted
Protective action distance in the Green pagesProtective action distance in the Green pages– Used for materials that present a toxic hazard.Used for materials that present a toxic hazard.– Highlighted materials only.Highlighted materials only.
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.4.5
Location of Emergency Response Plans
Local Emergency Response Plan and the Local Emergency Response Plan and the Standard Operating InstructionsStandard Operating Instructions
– Applicable to each jurisdictionApplicable to each jurisdiction
– Kept with the responsible agencyKept with the responsible agency
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.1
Role of the Awareness Level First Responder
Guidelines are found in:Guidelines are found in:– The local emergency response plan.The local emergency response plan.– The organization’s standard operating The organization’s standard operating
procedures.procedures.– North American Emergency Response North American Emergency Response
GuidebookGuidebook
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.2
NFPA Objective 2-4.1.5
Techniques used to isolate the hazard area Techniques used to isolate the hazard area and deny entry and deny entry – Use a vehicle to block a roadUse a vehicle to block a road– Rope-off or barricade entrance to areaRope-off or barricade entrance to area– Notify law enforcement to divert trafficNotify law enforcement to divert traffic– Close doors to facilityClose doors to facility– Use public address systemUse public address system
Techniques Used