What sustainability
means in mining today-or what mining means to
sustainability?
Corina Hebestreit
Mining on Top: Helsinki
16/17 September 2013
Mark Cutifani, CEO, Anglo-American
(Montreal 2013)
� “Mining represents around 10 per cent of the world’s economic activity as
measured by the revenues from the commodity mining, quarrying and the
petroleum sectors. It is estimated payments to service and support industries
account for another 10 per cent of global economic activity. If we then
count the contribution our products make to the productive capacity of
other industries…including fertilisers for agriculture, fuel for energy and
transportation, carbon and iron for steel and manufacturing and other
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
transportation, carbon and iron for steel and manufacturing and other
products for construction we get to a global economic contribution estimate
of more than 45 per cent for the mining industry.
� Now, if we then consider we disturb less than 1 per cent of the earth’s
surface in making this contribution, we produce less than 3 per cent of
carbon gases and we are the key source of products that clean the water
we drink and the air we breathe, it is not an unreasonable claim that we are
the most important industrial activity on the face of the planet. At the same
time we are also the world’s most vital industry to help ensure the future
health of our planet.”
Mining and Minerals’ contribution to
� human well-being
� eco-system well-being
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� economic viability:
project,
community,
country,
Europe
Contribution to Human well-being
� In general:
� Society
� Investors that risk their capital
� Management and workers being employed
Host communities that experience direct
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Host communities that experience direct
employment as well as secondary and tertiary
benefits
Human well-being
� Objective: The project or operation will lead directly or
indirectly to the maintenance of improvement of people’s
well-being during the life of the project/operation and/or in
post-closure.
Results to be assessed by factors such as
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Results to be assessed by factors such as � Community organisation and capacity
� Social/cultural integrity
� Worker and population health,
safety and well-being
� Availability of basic infrastructure
Contribution to
Eco-system well-being
� Chemical impacts
� Physical impacts
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Biological impacts
Potential chemical impacts
and remedies
� Discharge of contaminants to surface and groundwater
� Discharge to contaminants to air
� Discharge of contaminants in accidental spills
� Transfer of solid waste to landfills and hazardous waste to
treatment or storage facilities
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
treatment or storage facilities
� Closure of facilities to ensure human safety and
ecosystem integrity
� Clean-up of previously contaminated sites
Potential physical impacts
and remedies
� Alternation of surface water of ground water flow systems
� Restructuring of land
� Instability
� Noise generation
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Closure of facilities
� Restoration of topography
� Increased stability
� Restoration of surface and groundwater
flow systems
Potential biological impacts
and remedies
� Alteration of habitats
� Closure of facilities/revegetation
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Restoration/improvement of
wildlife habitats
� Enhancement of human and
wildlife interaction
Modern mining explained
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial mineralswww.icmm.com
A contribution to
Europe’s Resource Efficiency
� Resource Efficiency should yield optimum solutions to the
trade-offs that exist between different environmental
objectives and the environmental, social and economic
imperatives of Sustainable Development.
The result should be an economy that optimises its use of
11
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� The result should be an economy that optimises its use of
resources and, therefore, results in improved living conditions
and reduced waste globally.
� Rehabilitation of old tailings is such a win-win situation if the
economics and legal framework conditions are right.
BOOK - 101 Things to Do
with a Hole in the Ground
Making use of the land as a resource
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals12
Economic Viability
� Project or operations economics
� Operational efficiencies
� Economic contributions
� Community/regional economics
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
Community/regional economics
� National and European broader economics
Institutional arrangements and
governance
� European Laws - compliance
� National Mining Laws - compliance
� Permits - compliance
� Internal Management Systems
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
Internal Management Systems
� Audits
� Reporting and Assurance
Mark Cutifani, CEO, Anglo-American
(Montreal 2013)
� “We must engage our political and community leaders to help them
understand our role in society…and the long-term destruction their policies
and approaches to mining are reaping on their own constituencies.
� We must dedicate ourselves to working with local partners to solve the
problems our close proximity to their communities creates for them in terms
of social development.
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
of social development.
� While we need governments at all levels to help us engage in these local
conversations, it will remain our responsibility to connect with our local
stakeholders if we are to effectively navigate the complexities of these
relationships. If we cannot engage constructively with our immediate
neighbours, how can we expect to lead the world in a new set of
conversations around our role in society?
� We must step more boldly into a world of aggressive and consultative social,
technical and commercial innovation.”
Europe’s contribution to the discussion:
the RMI and EIP
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
EIP on Raw Materials
Europe´s mineral wealth
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
Strategic Implementation Plan to be adopted on 25 September 2013
� 3.1 Technology Pillar
� 3.1.1 Priority Area: Raw materials research coordination (WP1&2)
� 3.1.2 Priority Area: Technologies for primary and secondary raw materials production (WP1)
� 3.1.3 Priority Area: Substitution of raw materials (WP2)
� 3.2 Non-Technology Policy Pillar
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� 3.2 Non-Technology Policy Pillar
� 3.2.1 Priority Area: Improving Europe's raw materials regulatory framework, knowledge base and infrastructure (WP 3)
� 3.2.2 Priority Area: Improving Europe's waste management regulatory framework conditions and excellence (WP4)
� 3.2.3 Priority Area: Knowledge and skills on raw materials (WP 3 & 4)
� 3.3 International Cooperation Pillar (WP5)
� 3.3.1 Priority area – Strategic international dialogues
� 3.3.2 Priority area – Technology-related international cooperation
� 3.3.3 Priority area – International dialogues on trade-related matters
� Specific actions:� Deep exploration
� Zero waste mining
� Mining of small deposits
� Invisible mine
� Deep-sea mining
Work items: Research
these topics will be covered by
official calls for projects under Horizon 2020
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
Deep-sea mining
� Metallurgical Processing of complex and/or low grade resources
� Flexible and mobile processing plants for industrial minerals and aggregates
� Recovery of technology metals from complex end-of-life products
� Recovery of materials from packaging
� Supply of construction materials from urban mines
� “Zero Waste” paper recycling mill
� Substitution of Rare earth elements in permanent magnets and their
applications
� Reduction / substitution of CRM in rechargeable batteries
� PGM Catalysts substitution
� Substitution of Indium in transparent conductive layers
Substitution of REE in lighting photovoltaic materials
Research – 2 -
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Substitution of REE in lighting photovoltaic materials
� Substituting CRMs in hard materials and super alloys
� Substitution of Natural rubber in tyres
� Substitution of Titanium dioxide in construction applications
European Innovation Partnership on
Raw Materials
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/raw-materials/innovation-
partnership/index_en.htm
Strategic Implementation Plan
to be adopted on 25th September 2013!
Call for expression of commitment
coming up in October!
Mission & Vision
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
SRA:
NEW
SRA:
Strategic
Ambitions
2012 - 2020Website: www.etpsmr.orgInformation on EPT SMR and its tasks
The way to achieve it� Joint RTD: Collaborative efforts by the various institutions and
governments in the EU Member States and with other non-EU players� New projects� Transfer of know-how between subsectors� Transfer of know-how from other sectors
Multi-disciplinary research and innovation implementation
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Multi-disciplinary research and innovation implementation
� Joint RTD programming: The ERA-MIN will provide a starting point: � Inclusion of more Member States into ERA-MIN
� Joint development of education and training: � KIC on raw materials
� Continued platform for cooperation between relevant institutions and companies at EU level
� More coordination calls
� Regional brokerage for research results and innovation � Conferences and use of existing national innovation agencies
Vision 2050 needed
Economic framework conditions: key factors
Access to Land
� Acceptance of temporary nature of land use
� Reliability of permitting process and time lines
� Agreement on closure objectives
Access to Energy at competitive prices
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
Access to Energy at competitive prices
Access to transport and logistics
Access to markets
� Acceptance of scientifically based, but risk management
approaches
Social and governance issues:
Trends in Europe
� Increasing democratisation process
� « Representative democracy » is turning into a « base
democracy »
� General public is questioning the decisions by authorities
� General public is not trusting industry in general
Decision making on permits becomes a political issue either by
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Decision making on permits becomes a political issue either by
demand of the public or by delegation of authorities and
politicians
� Competent authorities: Decreasing capacities due to cost-
cutting in the economic crisis
� External auditing is taking over the control by the competent
authorities – but will it be more reliable and trustworthy
Europe´s legal framework
for investments
� FINLAND : 95
� SWEDEN : 93
� IRELAND : 90
� NORWAY : 82Where is the rest
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� NORWAY : 82
� GREENLAND : 80
� SPAIN : 54
� BULGARIA: 54
the rest of Europe?
On-going issues and debates
in the EU
� Fair distribution of revenues: royalties, taxes and
other benefits
� Decision making: transparency, competence, de-
politicising of permitting
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Capacity building in industry and competent
authorities
Need to benefit from European and international discussions: overcoming nationalistic approaches!
Sustainable mining in Europe?
� Geological potential - yes!
� Products - yes!
� Production - yes, but
improvements needed
European association for mining industries, metal ores and industrial minerals
� Know-how - yes, but future
developments needed
� Social License to operate - not everywhere!
Therefore: substantially more communication and
dialogue needed! At local level, at regional level, at
European level.