What’s up with our MassTransit
Discover our current state ofpublic transport
What defines public transport
TRIP• Collective movement of peopleROUTE• Servicing common corridor with greater
efficiencyPLATFORM• Facilitated by pooled resources (stations,
street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
Why people do not use publictransport
TRIP• (Mass) transit journey is too tiringROUTE• Transit routes are very complicatedPLATFORM• Transit points are not accessible
“can’t arrive there on time and in one piece”
“don’t know how to get there”
“don’t want to go through all the hassle”
TRIP: Transit journeys too tiring
LONG WAIT• No fix schedule; operators
modify schedule to reapmaximum occupancy out oftheir fixed routes
BADLY DESIGNED ROUTES• Intercity lines choose time-consuming routes and local lines
zigzag and loop excessively in the suburban areas
TRIP: Transit journeys too tiringTRAVEL DISCOMFORT• Overcrowding of entrances,
exits and gangways• Restricted commuter flow and
door failure cause delays• Sardine-packed conditions for
very long duration
ROUTE: Transit routes are verycomplicated
DIFFERING FEE STRUCTURE AND NO INFO• Unfair distribution of fee pricing across commuters from
differing places where a short trip involving multipleroutes can cost more than a long, single route trip
• No integrated transit information across differentoperators, service lines and transit points
• Info not user friendly, confusing and hard to obtain
ROUTE: Transit routesare very complicated
HARD TO SINGLE OUTTARGETED VEHICLE
• Too many different lines share thesame clogged routes
• Bus signs hard to be identified• Commuters have to be over-alert
and venture onto the traffic space soas not to miss the fast approachingtargeted vehicle
PLATFORM: Transit points arenot accessible
NO FIRST & LAST MILE CONNECTIVITY• Available infrastructure not friendly to pedestrians• Distance between halts are inconsistent with
population distribution around halts
PLATFORM:Transit points are not
accessibleBAD TRANSIT PILE-UP• Transit flow blocked by idling and
parked public and private vehicles• Haphazard loitering of vehicles with
no proper platforms, signs andspaces to facilitate passenger pick-up and drop-off
PLATFORM: Transit points arenot accessible
BAD TRANSIT CONNECTIONS• Neighboring communities are divided by limited access
Tolled Highways and congested Freeways, limiting directtransit interconnection possibilities
• Paths from hubs to highway exits are very complex,congested and time-consuming
Why we must improve ourMass Transit FAST
Why we must move our MassTransit forward
FAITH IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT
FAITH IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTFAITH IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT
“Belief has over sixty branches. The best of“Belief has over sixty branches. The best ofthem is the words,them is the words,
‘There is no god but‘There is no god butAllah’ andAllah’ and the leastthe leastof them is to removeof them is to removean obstacle from thean obstacle from theroadroad..” (” (HadithHadith))
“Belief has over sixty branches. The best of“Belief has over sixty branches. The best ofthem is the words,them is the words,
‘There is no god but‘There is no god butAllah’ andAllah’ and the leastthe leastof them is to removeof them is to removean obstacle from thean obstacle from theroadroad..” (” (HadithHadith))
Making it easy for people to move around is part of faithMaking it easy for people to move around is part of faith
• Trafficgridlock
• Longcommutinghours
• Complextravel paths
• Air and noisepollution
LONG TERM OBJECTIVELONG TERM OBJECTIVECurrent
StateCurrent
StateShort Term
GoalShort Term
Goal Long Term ObjectiveLong Term Objective
• Free trafficflow
• Shortcommutinghours
• Simplifiedtravel paths
• Cleaner airand lessstressfulenvironment
Higher economic growth due tolower cost of mobilityReduced road fatalities/injuries
Increased productivity due toreduced commuting time
Increased socioeconomicinteraction among suburban areasSavings in road maintenanceexpenditures
Increased city living satisfactionLower cost of hospitalization
Why current system cannot work
TRIP• Collective movement of peopleROUTE• Servicing common corridor with greater
efficiencyPLATFORM• Facilitated by pooled resources (stations,
street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
The single most important competitor to public transport is private transportTaxpayers’ money has not been used to fund common infrastructure to
support public transport the way it is used tobuild and maintain roads for cars.
Operators pit against each other by every costsavings they can get away with in absence of anystandards, regulations and enforcements
Mass transit vehicles compete scarce travel space with private vehiclesOperators maximize whatever they can squeeze from any loophole in public
infrastructure (i.e. loitering of parked busses, unruly road hogging and speeding)
When competitors cut corners…Safety got the first cut
How to make people use publictransport
TRIP• (Mass) transit journey is too tiringROUTE• Transit routes are very complicatedPLATFORM• Transit points are not accessible
MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLE
MAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD
MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE
The bottom line of public transport
KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS• Accessibility• Availability• Reliability• Safety• Comfort
The measurement of performance is the key,because……• If you can’t measure it, you can’t control it…• If you can’t control it, you can’t manage it…• If you can’t manage it, you can’t improve it.
MAKE TRIP FAST AND COMFORTABLEMAKE GETTING TO PLACES SIMPLE AND STRAIGHT FORWARD
MAKE TRANSFERS CONVENIENT AND HASSLE FREE
Standards have to beestablished for operators
SAFETY
COMFORT
ACCESSIBILITYRELIABILITY
AVAILABILITY
Standards have to beestablished for authorities too
ACCESSIBILITY
COMFORT
SAFETY
Standards have to beestablished for authorities too
AVAILABILITY
RELIABILITY
The bottom line of public transport
KPIs• Accessibility• Availability• Reliability• Safety• Comfort
INPUTSTaxpayers Money
Infrastructure TechnologyResources Labor
CONSUMED OUTPUTS
Passenger/milePassenger/energy unit
Infra. KPIs Service KPIs
PRODUCED OUTPUTS
Journey covered/laborOperational cost/mile
Vehicle seats/mile
SERVICEEFFICIENCY
Fair allocation of risks and responsibilities between operators and authorities
Financing model
TRANSPORTAUTHORITIES
COMMUTERS
OPERATORSContracted to:
Private localGLC-funded local
Private foreign
EXTRA FEE FOR VALUE-ADDEDSERVICE
CIVILDUTY
LOCAL GOVTQuit rent rates depend on proximityto transit connectionsCongestion charges, summonsFEDERAL GOVTTaxes, royalties, duties, levies
FUNDING
PENALTY IFKPIs NOT MET
Non-discriminating distribution of tax revenue and fee income to cover entire population
How can we improve ourMass Transit
Quick fix solutions to move ourMass Transit forward
TRIP: Transit journeys too tiringLONG WAITBADLY DESIGNED ROUTESTRAVEL DISCOMFORT• Make all routes simpler, frequent, faster
and convenient• More bus lanes with full time
DBKL/traffic enforcement• Allow buses to use emergency lane
during traffic gridlock, with policeenforcement and proper signage
• Segregate lines depending on traveljourney (express, trunk, local, intracity)
• Utilize expressways such as KESAS,Pantai, NKVE, Sprint, Putrajaya
Dedicated, Continuous Bus Lanes and Signals
EXCLUSIVE BUS LANE SIGNALFOR QUEUE JUMP AT INTERSECTIONS
EMERGENCY / BUS LANE
YELLOW BOX IN TRAFFIC INTERWEAVING POINTSSO EMERGENCY/ BUS LANE IS ALWAYS UNOBSTRUCTED
ROUTE: Transit routes are verycomplicated
DIFFERING FEE STRUCTURENO INFORMATIONHARD TO SINGLE OUT TARGETED VEHICLE• Uniform fee pricing by central collector with pay-outs to
operators based on results for established KPIs• Integrated transit information across different operators,
service lines and transit points (user friendly)• Routes are simplified with intercity buses feeding to KL
public transport gateways via:– Westbound: KL Sentral– Eastbound: Dang Wangi LRT (thru elevated hway)– Southbound: Pasar Rakyat bus station, Bandar Tasik Selatan– Northbound: Titiwangsa hub, Sentul Timur LRT
Current intercity buses’ destination points are cloggedJln Tun Sambanthan Lebuh Pasar Central Market
PLATFORM: Transit points arenot accessible
NO FIRST & LAST MILE CONNECTIVITYBAD TRANSIT PILE-UPBAD TRANSIT CONNECTIONS• Get local authority involved in pedestrian and cyclist
friendly pathways• Standby patrol officer to be able to dispatch to emergency
call from emergency mini towers in crime prone areas• Off service buses sent to depot instead of idling on road• Express intercity buses must be exclusively guided from
gateways directly to expressways• Enhance connectivity between bus stops at intersections
LDP Suspension Bridge Interchangefor Komuter, LDP and Fed. Hway Trunk Lines
How can we improve ourMass Transit
Long term solutions to move ourMass Transit forward
Who does what in public transport
TRIP• Collective movement of peopleROUTE• Servicing common corridor with greater
efficiencyPLATFORM• Facilitated by pooled resources (stations,
street signals, dedicated lanes etc)
This highly systemic and strategic task should be trusted toa centralized authority with federal-level
legislative and enforcement powers
This operational task is typically taken by private orquasi-government operators.
Pooled resources refer to commonly shared infrastructures funded by taxpayers.Ownership by local and regional level authorities is a must.
Available railwaynetwork hard to be
extended due touncontrolled urban
sprawlings
Who does what in public transport:CENTRALIZED AUTHORITY
• Power vested by the taxpayers to legislatepolicies and authorize enforcements at thefederal level for systemic and strategic planning,implementation and review of the nation’s masstransit performance, cascading to local level.
• Formulate and monitor performance measures(initiatives, KPIs, standards and targets) for eachresponsible parties
• Has bargaining power and expertise in allocatingrisks and responsibilities between operators andauthorities, and designing non-discriminating taxrevenue distributing scheme.
Who does what in public transport:LOCAL AUTHORITY
• Power vested by taxpayers to fine-tune nationalpolicies and authorize enforcements at the locallevel.
• Manage federal grants to provide dedicatedlanes, signals and structures, depots, stations,hubs, halts and rationalized transit paths.
• Manage local funds to provide infrastructure forsafe and convenient pathways to transit halts
• Assign routes and schedules based on feedback• Transparent contracting to competent operators
Who does what in public transport:OPERATORS
• Operational costs: labor, fuel, maintenance,administration
• Contract renewal based on conformance to standardsmonitored by centralized authority
• Bonus and incentives for increased accessibility(handicapped and seniors) and pollution free engines(NGVs, hybrids)
• Penalties for not achieving agreed KPIs.• Express buses chartered out during non-peak hours
Integrated Rapid Transit System(IRTS)
BUSES• Downtown: Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)
• Intercity: Expressway Rapid Transit (ERT)
• Trunk: Local to Local transit• Local: Suburban feeder service to intercity and trunk
BRT• Dedicated contiguous
bus lanes (fromavailable 3-lanestreets) exclusive forBRT vehicles
• Feeds commutersfrom main IntercityGateways to KLdowntown areas
• Very high frequencyservice
• Very few operatingservice lines
• Exclusive traffic right-of-way signals atintersections
• Heavily monitoredand enforced
DUKE Highway GatewayExtend Sentul TimurLRT until Gateway
BRTPutrajaya
Highw
ay Gatew
ay
KL Sentral BRT Station
Expressway Rapid Transit (ERT)Consider
expresswaysnot heavily
utilized as rapidtransit tracks
ERT
Imagine these rapidtransit tracks withintercity terminals ontop and local terminalson the sides
Future DUKEHighway
Integrate with rail network, with strategic terminalsallowing bus-train and local/city-intercity transit
Serdang Gateway Complex
Local Lines Terminal toBalakong and Cheras
Local Lines Terminal to SeriKembangan and Serdang
Serdang Intercity andInterstate GatewayKomuter and ERLNSE Bus TerminalSg Besi Bus Terminal
Bus Depot
SINCE EXPRESSWAYS CUT OFFTRAVEL BETWEEN SECTIONS OF
POPULATION, OVERHEADPLATFORMS ARE THE ONLY WAY
FOR FAST INTERCHANGE
Local Linesas feeders toIntercity andTrunk Lines
NKVE IntercityGateway
Federal Highway’sTrunk Line Hubs
Komuter Stop
Komuter Stop
• Local lines feed tointercity and trunk
• Trunk line servesinterneighborhoodtrip that can’t beserved by intercity
• Local lines onlyply main roadsand serve smallerneighborhoodareas with well-spaced out stops
• Safe and easyaccess to localstops from innerneighborhoodareas (pathwaysand bike lanes)
Example of rationalization of localroutes by local authorities
LOCAL LINES’ACCESS ROAD
TO GO WEST,TAMAN SG BESIINDAH FOLKS
HAVE TO MAKE U-TURN ON THE FAR
EAST SIDE
PASSAGEWAY FOR BUSSESSHOULD BE SIMPLIFIED,HENCE THE NEED FOR A
SHORTCUT