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Wireless network customization technologies to enhance the future wireless-grid applicationsFumihide KojimaWireless Systems Laboratory, Wireless Networks Research Center,National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
ASEAN IVO Forum 201723 November, 2017Radisson Hotel Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
Copyright © 2016 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights ReservedCopyright © 2017 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights Reserved 2
Summary
NICT has conducted R&D, standardization andpromotion activities on Wireless NetworkCustomization Technologies to enable flexible radiodevice mesh topology (namely, Wireless-Grid) that isessential for future IoT societyThree major mesh categories:
High capacity data collection networkUltra low-energy operation networkReinforced mesh network
Further enhancements in the future collaborations:Specification customizationsHarmonization/coexistence/cooperation with the othersystems
Copyright © 2016 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights ReservedCopyright © 2017 National Institute of Information and Communications Technology. All Rights Reserved 3
SUN means a network constructed by Electricity/Gas/Water meters equipping radiodevices that can effectively and automatically relay data frames to the collectionstation, which is expected to further support large amount of monitoring/sensingapplications
Concept of smart utility network
Expanded areaSUN radio
Coverage expansionby the multi-hop transmission
Smart Utility Network (SUN) Wide Area Network (WAN)
Meters with radio devices(Smart meters) Collection
Stations (CSs)
Social cloud
Disaster area monitors
Agriculture sensors
Structure monitors
…
Radio blind spot eliminationby the multi-hop transmission
Analysis, visualization and feedback by using the collected data
• Low-energy performance• Multi-hop transmission capabilitySUN’s technical requirements
Monitors/sensors with radio devices
WAN CSsConventional area
WAN radio
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Standardization and certification
What is Wi-SUN alliance• World first global certification body that certifies IEEE 802.15.4g compliant devices• Established in January 2012, by mainly led by IEEE 802.15.4g standardization contributors. NICT is
one of promoter members• Its certification guarantees conformance and interoperability that is not guaranteed by standards
thereby effectively promotes radio device products
Achievements• Certification profile for ECHONET Lite (a higher-layer communication protocol for home energy
management systems) has been selected for 10 major electric power companies in Japan, whichmeans application to more than 80 million houses
Standards
IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) WiFi alliance WiFi
IEEE 802.16 (WMAN) WiMAX forum WiMAX
IEEE 802.15 (WSUN) Wi-SUN alliance Wi-SUN
Certification bodies Products
NICT has established “Wi-SUN,” the world first certification body of SUN devices, in order to effectively promote the IEEE 802.15.4g compliant devices by holding the conformance and interoperability tests
Standardization in IEEE 802• NICT has proposed the required PHY and MAC specifications for SUN with Gas companies and meter
venders in Japan. And, the proposed specifications have been included in IEEE 802.15.4g/4e standards
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NICT has studied on further wireless grid applications promoted by the suitablecertifications, such as applications to advanced home energy managementsystems and fishery fields. Wireless grid also becomes one of the promisingtechnology for IoT and AI applications in the future
Further wireless-grid applications
Ultra low-energy operation network• Intelligent sleeping• Outdoor device implementation
High capacity data collection network• Mesh enhancement• Data concatenation
SUN radioMeters withradio device
Socialcloud
Disastermonitors
…
WAN radio
WANCollection station
Structure monitors
Home sensors
Agriculturalsensors
Reinforced mesh network• Reinforced SUN links• Radio utilization modeling
Collectionstation
Smart meter
Sensors/monitors with radio devices
Sensors/monitors with radio devices
Factory sensors
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Ultra low-energy operations (battery driven 10 year operation, by exploiting sleep period) especially for the outdoor use are studied, developed and tested
Active period(a.k.a. Superframe duration; SD)
t
Sleep period
On-demand beacon signals
Data frame
Beacon interval (BI)
t
t
tS3 / S4
TX
S1 RX
S1 / S2TX
CS RX
tS1 status
Transmission periodReceiving/standing period Sleep period
BI by CS
BI by S1SD by S1
S2
S3
S4
CS
S1
Data from S3/S4 to S1
Data from S1 to CS
CS: Collection stationSn: Sensor n
SD by CS
Concept of low-energy multi-hop communications Lifetime estimation
LE-Superframe performance analysis
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
101 102 103 104 105
Data arrival interval (s)
Lifetim
e (
year)
Data length = 500 octets
BI = 80 s
BI = 10 s
Data length = 100 octets
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Sensing in MOZUKU seaweed aquaculture
“Sensor buoys” that equip battery driven low-energy devices and the water-temperature and salinity sensors are located in the MOZUKU seaweed farm in Okinawa, Japan, 1~2 km away from the land. Periodically monitored water-temperature and salinity data are collected via the low-energy multi-hop communications among the buoys and then stored in NICT’s cloud to be managed
Water temperature and salinity sensor
Wi-SUNdevice
Battery
RF IC
MAC IC MCU
Low-energymodule
Sensor buoy Sensor buoy allocation for monitoring
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Proof test of the low-latency control
Low-latency control in the low-energy operation network isconfirmed in the laboratory and in the real rice field
Proof tests in the laboratory and in the real rice field
Low-energy deviceconnected PLCs
Wi-SUNdevice
Wi-SUN devicein the box
Antenna
This work was supported by Cabinet Office, Government of Japan, Cross-ministerial Strategic Innovation Promotion Program (SIP), "Technologies for creating next-generation agriculture, forestry and fisheries" (funding agency: Bio-oriented Technology Research Advancement Institution, NARO).
t
t
t
D2
D3
D4
CS
D1
t
CS
D1
D3
D4Control targetControl support
Sensing from D3
Sensing from D4
Control to D4
low-latency control in thelow-energy operation network
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Large scale mesh by L2R control
SUN expansion for largescale mesh topologies for thesmart-home/ building/ factoryNICT has proposed HMT (Hierarchical Mesh Tree)deploying IEs (InformationElements) on MAC layer, which is accepted in the IEEE 802.15.10 (Layer 2 Routing)
Autonomous mesh topology construction
IEEE 802.15.4 PAN linksMesh root
L2R routerMesh topology construction
Paths to the mesh root
(i)
R
A B
C D(ii)
R
A B
C D
R
(iii)
A B
C D
R
(iv)
A B
C D
Routing test for large scale mesh
Mesh roots
Routers
HEMSController
Smart meter
Relay device
Route BHAN
Concept of HAN
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Reinforced mesh network in the factory
NICT has investigated the applicability of radio signals on theseveral frequency bands including SUN’s to the factory usethat realizes flexible manufacturing-line deployments
An example of monitored signals in the factory area (920 MHz)
Experimental setup for radio signal monitoring in the factory
Experimental environments employingAutomated Guided Vehicle (AGV)
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Enhancements for the wireless-grid
NICT is considering about further enhancements for thewireless-grid systems
Specification customizations according to the assumedapplicationsHarmonization/coexistence/cooperation with the otherwireless systems
CS
D1 D2
D3 D4
CS
D1 D2
D3 D4
Previous case Enhanced case
ChC
ChC
ChCChC
ChU
ChU
ChU ChU
ChDChD
ChDChD
f/t
ChC
ChU ChD
ChC : Common channelChU : Upstream channelChD : Downstream channel
: Common route: Upstream route: Downstream route
t
On-demandbeacon signals
Data frames
BI
Customized SD
Customized SD enables:• Non-uniform SD length deployment• Internal partitioning for several frame types
SD customization
Separate management of upstream and downstream frame forwarding
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Conclusions
NICT has conducted R&D, standardization andpromotion activities on Wireless Network CustomizationTechnologies to enable flexible radio device meshtopology (namely, Wireless-Grid) that is essential forfuture IoT societyThree major mesh categories:
High capacity data collection networkUltra low-energy operation networkReinforced mesh network
Further enhancements in the future:Specification customizationsHarmonization/coexistence/cooperation with the other systems
Hope our collaborations promote the systemcustomization activities for the IoT society in the future!