A. Teischinger 2019
Wood Technology in the Course of TimeIAWS Lecture
Alfred Teischinger
Institute Wood Technology
University ofNatural Resources and Life Sciences,
Vienna
A. Teischinger 2019
Prologue: Material source: Tree species in European forests
Based on Brus et al. (2011) & EFI
Coni
fers
Broa
dlea
ved
Annual increment(mill. m³)
EU 28 Europe721 840Annual felling
(mill. m³)522 582
Growing stockca. 30 billion m³(~15 billion tons of
forest biomass)(FAO/EFI 2015)
A. Teischinger 2019
From the wood resource to materials andproducts by means of „Technology“
Wood Technology
Wood τέχνη, Techne λογία, Logia/LogosBio-based material with a hierarchical
structure
Resembles epistemic knowledge of technical
principles,
In a wider sense –knowledge,
science
A. Teischinger 2019
The Origin of Technology
Technology is the science of processingraw materials. Instead of instruction ofempirical knowledge in crafts, techno-logy, the systematic structure of trueknowledge-based principles and reliableexperience, is to identify the tools and tounderstand and utilise the principles ofprocessing
First edition 1772
compare Teischinger 2010
A. Teischinger 2019
The emergence of new technologies“More than anything else, technology creates our world. It creates our wealth, our economy, our very way of being,” says W. Brian Arthur. Yet despite technology’s irrefutable importance in our daily lives, until now its major questions have gone unanswered. Where do new technologies come from?
Besides this, new questions arise:
• Responsibility of emergingtechnology
• Ethics and emerging technology• Technology risk assessment (dual
use of technology: beneficial andharmful)
• etc
A. Teischinger 2019
179918081830183818401842186418671874187518931906191019201924193419411946194619581963?
196619691970197519791980198119821983199419952004200820132016
A. Teischinger 2019
Compilation of knowledge – selected examples„Wood Technology“
Wood working in scientific – andand applied presentation
Split up in different subsectors:• Chemical Technology/Pulp
and Paper Technology• Mechanical Technology• Wood Composites/-panels• Wood Adhesives Technology• Wood Modification/preservation• Wood Material Engineering• Timber in Construction• Wood Combustion• Wood Industries, etc.
Handbook of Wood Science and Technology
Eds.: P. Niemz, A. Teischinger
Under progress
A. Teischinger 2019
Corporate-baseddevelopment
Industrial implementation
Basic science limit
Discovery and invention
Proof of feasibility
University and governmentlaboratory based research
Pre-competitive/appliedresearch
Tech
nolo
gy m
atur
ity
Indefinite period 0 7 14 Years
Adapted from: Messler, R.W, 2004, rpt. Dimiduk, D.M. 1999
The magic development time
Typical development time
Talents in research + budget + entrepreneurial risk/endeavor = success
A. Teischinger 2019
Survey of the main technologies
• Fractionation (on all length scales) andseparation
• Grading/classification
• Modification/functionalisation(incl. wood drying)
• Re-engineering incl. shape forming
• Surfaces
• Industrial processes (combine the singletechologies)
Interaction tool and substrate
2000-20142013-2017
BOKU FIShttps://forschung.boku.ac.at/fis/suchen.person_publikationen?sprache_in=en&ansicht_in=&menue_id_in=102&id_in=5033&publikation_typ_id_in=&sortierung_in=k
ategorie
1990-19932000-2005
1980-19872000-20052015-2017
2003-2010
2012-2016
2014-2019
U. Müller et al.
Wood k plus
ihf
HomagIndustry 4.0
invision
Personal involvement
A. Teischinger 2019
From raw material wood to wood based materialsDisintegration – sorting – modification - re-engineering
Engineered Wood Products (EWP)Solid wood –
Wood based materials
Product
Homogeneity Energy Input
Strength, Stiffness (MOE)
NFC
Current research quests and innovation activities
NDT technolo-gies, materialcharacterizat.
New (chipless) disintegration technologies
Wood modifica-tion and funct-ionalisation
New shape forming tech-nolgies, WPC
Complete newmaterial proper-ties, „newmaterials fromtrees“
Intelligent ad-häsion, comp-ounds and EWP
Interaction forest manage-ment – woodproperties
New manu-facturing con-cepts (Ind.4.0)
A. Teischinger 2019
Deformation is influenced by process parameters and wood properties
Cutting – wood disintegration: Room for science
De Moura and Hernandez (2006) Wood and Fiber Science 38, 166-178Konnerth and Gindl (2006) Holzforschung 60, 429-433
Cutting influences sub-sequent process steps
Reversible and irreversible deformations lead to mechanically weak boundary layer
New approaches needed!
A. Teischinger 2019
Roadmap to new wood fractionationDoctorate School (12 individual projects)
Innovative wood disintegration technology: A. Martinez-Conde/U. Müller/ A. Teischinger
Analysing patents
• 18 000 hits• 240 detailed
screening• 50 new
technologies• 15 selected for review• 5 for industry partner
LIGNOVISIONEN 32/2017
Müller, Vay, Martinez-Conde, Frybort, Krenke, Konnerth, Teischinger, Holztechnologie 2015 andMartinez-Conde et al., Bioressources 2017
A. Teischinger 2019
Based on: Joscak, Mauritz, Teischinger, Müller 2006
Target: preserve the natural fibre structure – nocutting, but squeezing technology (utilising themechanical synthesis of nature)
Fest
igke
itDisintegration of small diameter roundwood
A. Teischinger 2019
From lab-scale to piloting
Fryobort, Müller, Krenke et al. 2015
Idea Proof of concept Upscaling Pilot plant Industrial application
Mauritz/Teischinger(2001)
Müller et al.
V/C/
R
Time
Wood kplus/UFT
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From Macro- to Micro-Scale
J. HomannHeinzel Group
Gindl-Altmutter/BOKU
Macrofibre
Microfibre
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Nanocellulose research hype – bibliometric analysis
2015
2017Basic research
Pilot plant andfirst industrialimplementaton
2015Lennart Stenberg
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Quality assessment currently
Quality assessment „new“ Process control
Sawmill Wood manufacturing Final productsForest
Pulp (industrial RW)Wood-based Panel
Veneer
Material flow and quality assessment
Teischinger 2003
In-line
Off-line; Silviscan
Less downgrading/rejectsRessource efficiency
Cost reduction
A. Teischinger 2019
MiCROTEC 2007
X-ray/density UV- imageColour image
Upper or down side etc.
Scanning of sawn wood – multi-sensor technique
Viguier et al. 2014
Tracheid effect – grain angleColourX-ray
Grain dev.
A. Teischinger 2019
Multi-sensor scanning – timber grading
• Dimension (3D laser triangulation)• Grain deviation (laser scatter)• Colour/discolouration• X-ray/density, knottiness• Resonance frequency (laser
interferometer)
Strength class (e.g. C 24), EN 388 – basis for structural design
A. Teischinger 2019
Teischinger, Vanek (1992) Internal scanning of round timber – Review ofthe research of that time (US, SE)
Internal scanning of round timber
Müller, Teischinger (2001) - ReviewMüller, Bammer, Teischinger (2002): Fungal attack– CT/MRT
COST action E 40: 2004-2008
Research projectFirst installationsMarcus Wallenberg Prize 2016(Applying the Katsevich Algorithm and representation)
Timeline CT scanning: 1985 – (1995) – 2001 (pilot tests) 2008 CT Log (FVA pilot) - 2011
A. Teischinger 2019
Multi sensor quality scannerMICROTEC
A. Teischinger 2019
Innovation topics – Schweighofer Prize
http://www.schweighofer-prize.org/prize/
• Timber in construction – new systems and applications,high-rise buildings/LCT, Wind Turbine Tower, Water Turbinesetc.
• Engineered Wood Products (EWP), Kerto/LVL, CLT, WPC,)new parquet flooring systems, light weight panels
• Timber in construction – connecters and systems• X-ray scanner/tomography• Energy-Facade – new insulation approaches• Wood modification and functionalisation, fire performance
and redartants• Processes – Simulation and modelling• CNC machining• New tool systems• Energy from biomass
Review of Schweighofer Innovation Prize Winner
A. Teischinger 2019
Measures for wood recovery:
• Legal framework (wood recoveryregulations)
• Wood/fibre recovery logistics(fibre already well established)
• Quality guidelines and grades • Design for recovery/recycling (not
yet established in the woodsector, automotive sector as rolemodel)
• Currently EU about 35 mio tonnesper anno available, about 50:50% energetic and material use(better statistic data necessary)
Recycling – recovered wood – neglected?
Capacity: 300,000 tons per yearInvestment incl. infrastructure: € 20 mio
EraNet project: Care Wood(Cascading Recovered Wood)Teischinger, Stingl, Zukal 2011Kalcher, Praxmarer, Teischinger 2017Design for Recycling
(Teischinger, Salzger 2016)
A. Teischinger 2019
Wood and the automotive sector?
Concept Car Cult/Magna, U. Müller/BOKU 2016 – Spiegel online - Auto
Crash test stand to gain dynamic impact data on wood
World Wood Day 2019
Graz/Stübing
Shock/energy absorbance,Deformation/no ruptureNo splittering of the material
A. Teischinger 2019
Highest buildings with wood – wood as a rising star
8-9 Jh. 14-16 Jh. 1935 2009 2012 2013 ~2018 >Year 20401 Trees and super large “Hyperion”, 115,85 m, USA 2 Five-story pagoda, 32 m, Nara – JPN3 Fachwerk-House, 26m, DE4 Sendeturm/transmitter tower Gleiwitz, 118m, PL5 Murray Grove, 27m, London - GB (start of bigger construction with CLT)6 CLT One, 20 m, Dornbirn – AT (pilot building – concept for 100m)7 Windmill wooden tower, 100 m, Hannover - DE8 Observation Tower Pyramidenkogel, 100 m, Keutschach – AT (highest wood observation tower)9 HOHO Wien, 84m, Wien Aspern – AT (currently highest wooden building construction)10 Michael Green, 90m, Vancouver - CDN11 “Oakwood Tower”- Case Study, 300m, London, UKPLP Architecture and Cambridge University’s Department of Architecture's,
12 Concept/vision 2041 – 350 m in Japan
1 2 3 4 5 76 8 9 10
Conceptstudy
100 m
Pre-requisites for timberconstrucion.
• Relyable/stress graded timberandwood based materials and compo-nents (Glulam, CLT, OSB, LVL etc.)
• Engineers for timber design and BIM• Timber design codes, based on
scientific research• Keen architects for construction
design• Constructors/investors etc.
11 12
Master Thesis: M.B. Brandstätter, 2017
A. Teischinger 2019
The future – wood technologies of tomorrow
Various Web-sources
Materials of the future
„Synthesis of Nature“
Smart Factory, Industry 4.0
Dilatant D30
It is important to regardand maintain the
L.P. Lefebvre
Mark MiodownikThe Future of Materials
Assessing the future is always speculative,but „Technology“ will shape the future
A. Teischinger 2019
, ViennaInstitute for Wood Technology and Renewable Materials
Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Alfred TeischingerLocation Tulln, Konrad Lorenz Strasse 24, A- 3430 Tulln
Tel.: +43 1 47654-89115, www.boku.ac.at
Thank you for your attention
Colleagues and collaborators at the BOKU Institute Wood Technology and RenewableMaterials and other institutes as well as
Acknowledgement
Colleagues from:and many
others
and other fundingorganizations
Schweighofer PrizeJury member and
International Student Innovation Workshop
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