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First Biosafety Leadership Summit: Leadership in the face of
challenging regulatory environments Nairobi, Kenya
The OIE’s
Biological Threat Reduction Strategy
Samuel Wakhusama
Deputy-Representative
World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
Eastern Africa
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The OIE Biological Threat Reduction (BTR) Strategy
Capacity-building
Rinderpest post-eradication
Emergency response
UN Security Council Resolution 1540 (Africa)
Agenda
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Stamping out of bird flu affected poultry farms in Nigeria (2006)
Photo credit : public domain (2006)
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Chapter 1
The World Organisation for Animal Health
(OIE) Biological Threat Reduction
(BTR) Strategy
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Multiple collateral benefits for animal health, agriculture, public health,
poverty alleviation, food security, animal welfare and economies
http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/biological-threat-reduction/
“…protecting against deliberate
and accidental releases in a
sustainable way…”
‣ Surveillance, early on farm
detection, rapid response
‣ Foster scientific networks for
biosafety and biosecurity
OIE’s BTR Strategy
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A world that is safe and secure from the accidental or deli-
berate release of animal pathogens, including zoonoses
OIE’s BTR Strategy
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OIE’s BTR Strategy
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OIE’s BTR Strategy
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Chapter 2
Capacity building
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SOLIDARITY BETWEEN COUNTRIES
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Performance of Veterinary Services
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PVS evaluation mission in the Kingdom of Swaziland (2015)
Photo credit : Julie Punderson (2015)
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Performance of Veterinary Services
OIE Representation OIE Sub Regional Representation
Africa Southern Africa Northern Africa Eastern Africa
Benin Angola Algeria Burundi
Burkina Faso Botswana Libya Comoros
Cameroon Dem. Rep. of the Congo Mauritania Djibouti
Cape Verde Lesotho Morocco Eritrea
Central African Rep. Madagascar Tunisia Ethiopia
Chad Malawi Kenya
Rep. of the Congo Mauritius Rwanda
Côte d'Ivoire Mozambique Seychelles *
Egypt Namibia Somalia
Equatorial Guinea South Africa Sudan
Gabon Swaziland Tanzania *
Gambia Zambia Uganda
Ghana Zimbabwe
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
São Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Togo
23 13 5 12
* Territory shared by more than one OIE Sub-Regional Representation
italic : applied , but not yet conducted
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Performance of Veterinary Services
A stepwise programme for
the improvement of VS
Investments in:
• (i) early detection of
disease incursions,
transparency and
notification;
• (ii) rapid response to
animal disease outbreaks
and implementation of
biosecurity and bio-
containment measures;
• (iii) compensation
strategies to indemnify
animal owners hit by
outbreaks; and
• (iv) vaccination, as
appropriate.
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PVS evaluation mission in the Republic of South Africa (2012)
Photo credit : E. Leon (2012)
Twinning projects
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Reference Laboratories Expert Centres for animal diseases
247 Reference Laboratories in 38 countries
117 diseases
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49 Collaborating Centres in 26 countries
46 topics
Collaborating Centres Centres of excellence on horizontal topics
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New BSL-3 laboratory at the University of Zambia (2008)
Photo credit : P. Bastiaensen(2008)
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Twinning projects
OIE RL’s and CC’s are centres of expertise
for technical advice, diagnostics services and
training
Objectives
• Build scientific communities to improve compliance
with OIE standards (surveillance and control)
• Expand network of expertise
• Strengthen surveillance networks
• Collaborative research opportunities
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Global Level African participation
N %
Projects completed to date 32 14 43.75
Projects underway 32 10 31.25
Projects approved 11 5 45.45
Total 75 29 38.66
Twinning: Projects completed
UPDATE: July 2016
Parent Candidate
African horse sickness and Bluetongue UK Morocco
African swine fever Spain Kenya
Avian influenza and Newcastle disease UK Botswana
Avian influenza and Newcastle disease Germany Egypt
Bluetongue Italy Tunisia
Brucellosis Italy Eritrea
Brucellosis UK Sudan
Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) Italy Botswana
Food Safety Italy Namibia
Food Safety Italy Tunisia
Improved diagnostic capacity UK Uganda
Ovine chlamydiosis Switzerland Namibia
Rabies South Africa Nigeria
Veterinary Medicinal Products France Senegal
Countries
Diseases
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Twinning: Projects underway
UPDATE: July 2016
Global Level African participation
N %
Projects completed to date 32 14 43.75
Projects underway 32 10 31.25
Projects approved 11 5 45.45
Total 75 29 38.66
Parent Candidate
African trypanosomiasis France Burkina Faso
Avian influenza and Newcastle disease UK South Africa
Brucellosis Italy Zimbabwe
Foot and mouth disease Belgium Nigeria
Foot and mouth disease UK Ethiopia
Peste des petits ruminants France Morocco
Peste des petits ruminants UK Tanzania
Rift valley fever South Africa-France Yemen
Surveillance linkages in African swine fever and FMD Sweden Uganda
Trichinella Italy Tanzania
Countries
Diseases
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Twinning: Projects approved
UPDATE: July 2016
Global Level African participation
N %
Projects completed to date 32 14 43.75
Projects underway 32 10 31.25
Projects approved 11 5 45.45
Total 75 29 38.66
Parent Candidate
Bee diseases France Yemen
Brucellosis Argentina Tanzania
Rabies South Africa Oman
Viral Encephalopathy and retinopathy Italy Tunisia
Veterinary medicinal products France Cameroon
Diseases
Countries
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Parent Candidate
Foot and mouth disease: UK Ethiopia
Rabies: South Africa Oman
Rift valley fever: South Africa-France Yemen
Viral Encephalopathy and retinopathy: Italy Tunisia
DiseasesCountries
Twinning: important diseases from
UPDATE: August 2015
a biological threat / terrorism perspective
http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/Products/bioterrorism-and-high-consequence-pathogen-
wallchart.php?lang=en
Animal diseases / viruses affecting man (selection) Animal source
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) Livestock, horses, wildlife
Botulism (Clostridium botulinum) Waterfowl, livestock, horses
Plague (Yersinia pestis) Cats, wildlife (rodents, …)
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (Ebola, Lassa, Marburg,..) Wildlife (bats, rodents, apes)
Brucellosis (Brucella abortus, melitensis,…) Livestock and wild ruminants
Glanders (Burkholderia mallei) Horses, donkeys, guinea pigs
Nipah virus Livestock (pigs) and bats
West Nile fever Horses and bats, birds
= OIE-listed diseases
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Chapter 3
Rinderpest post-eradication
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SOLIDARITY BETWEEN COUNTRIES
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Field of Death : cattle carcasses littered a pasture in South Africa
in 1900 during a rinderpest epidemic. NY Times (2011)
Rinderpest : eradication (2011)
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Rinderpest : post-eradication
Achieve either destruction or
sequestration of residual
rinderpest containing
materials (rinderpest virus,
vaccine strains, vaccines,…)
Sequestration in FAO / OIE
accredited holding facilities
• Africa : African Union (AU)
Pan-African Veterinary Vaccines
Centre (PANVAC)
Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia
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Disinfection in poultry farms (2005)
Photo credit : USDA-APHIS (2005)
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Chapter 4
Emergency Response
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND SOLIDARITY BETWEEN COUNTRIES
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Emergency response
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CMC-AH Missions
CMC-AH Mission place Subject Intervention Date
1 BENIN HPAI H5N1 Preparedness 22 to 28 February 2015
2 TOGO HPAI H5N1 Preparedness 1 to 7 March 2015
3 BURKINA FASO HPAI H5N1 Response 19 to 24 April 2015
4 MALI HPAI H5N1 Preparedness 10 to 15 May 2015
5 COTE D’IVOIRE HPAI H5N1 Preparedness 12 to 22 May 2015
6 GHANA HPAI H5N1 Response 08 to 12 June 2015
7 ANGOLA FMD Response 25 Nov. to 4 Dec. 2015
8 CAMEROON HPAI H5N1 Response 29 May to 7 June 2016
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Chapter 5
UN Security Council Resolution 1540
Africa chapter (AUC)
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UNSCR 1540 : The 1540 Committee
The Committee serves as a clearinghouse for
dealing with requests for assistance by facilitating
bilateral State arrangements as well as drawing
upon the expertise and experience with assistance
programmes of inter-governmental organizations
such as the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA), the Organisation for the Prohibition of
Chemical Weapons (OPCW), the World Customs
Organization (WCO), the World Health
Organization (WHO) and indeed, the World
Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
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UNSCR 1540 African Union
The African Union Commission oversees the
implementation of UNSCR 1540 at African level
and this task is entrusted to its
Department of Peace and Security
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UNSCR 1540 African Union
16 African countries have so far applied for
assistance, of which 14 have made requests for
assistance in the field of biological threats,
of which in turn 4 have made reference to,
or direct appeals to the OIE.
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UNSCR 1540 : PVS and twinning (Africa)
Consolidated list for 1540 Committee by African States scope (16)
PVS Requested PVS Evaluation PVS Gap Analysis PVS Legislation Lab twinning
Algeria P P P
Benin P P P P
Burundi P P P P
Cabo Verde P P
Congo (Republic) P
Congo (Dem. Republic) P P P
Ethiopia P P P P FMD
Ghana P P P
Kenya P P P P ASF
Lesotho P P P P
Madagascar P P P P
Malawi P P
Niger P P P P
Togo P P P P
Uganda P P P P ASF, FMD
Zambia P P P P
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UNSCR 1540 : The OIE support
4 African countries have applied for assistance in
the field of biological threats,
with specific reference to the OIE :
Malawi
Niger
Togo
Zambia
12, rue de Prony, 75017 Paris, France
www.oie.int
[email protected] - [email protected]
Samuel Wakhusama
Tianna Brand
Patrick Bastiaensen
Thank you for your attention