8/3/2019 Written Arguments Filed in Case of Religious and Charitable Inam Land
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Uabf 1dj 63
o jUiV AooAo,vUb j, vUbI.Cb.I IA) H.I.I ?/?.AUh aUAvAo=. Ao k zb9 = I). w aUwU = ). VAzbc= ). Ut3. VAVt Ac
1. vbb vUb v. Fvbb>. AvbAo
b9>(I) w sV>() YAzUob>()tV>(r)AUk>(F)Vbc>(Is) z
1 v = I), ), ) V bZ b SvCVAk w9-1. U w 9-UvAz Vz Ab 1= b 6 IUb 16 VAk c
VU zAoz F cZbvz IAz I
UUbb zZ Kbvb. zi zAoz Ibq Izbzbb
vAzAobz Ao IAb zAoz V LzbZzb
v zi YUi UbtU zi c FziUAo v Cqv
qwzb IAz zZbvz.
>. Aob U9-zi c KAz Ao vAz b, b Ao aU wAo
b UhA AocoUAo zi c b (s U Ao
Vt bz FzbiV qz) V ob 155
AAz oqwzb IAz V U CZbvz. Ibq
wAooV Mb b CV c YUi oqz, V Lz
8/3/2019 Written Arguments Filed in Case of Religious and Charitable Inam Land
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Uabf >dj 63
YUi v UiU w oqv zi c s Mz V b
vVzUwzb IAz V U CZbvz. 1 bAVb
Ab 1= b UvAz Vz c 1 IUb >5 VAk, >
AUh 1 IUb >5 VAk, = > IUb 16 VAk V 6 IUb 16 VAk
cV Vt MjAo woU bz 1,>,= bb U CZbvz.
Fzb Q Ibq bb t c iAV bV sZbvz.
z Aob 5< VAk c sZbvz, 1 IUb 1> VAk
zAo Fbvz. Fzb Q b Aob 16 VAkc sZbvz. = bzbb z > -
55 IUb J iwAooz c z Fbvz.
=. c b9-vUb j v vU, LrVb , UvAz V. .A. 1=
g.A
Ut
ZbzBU U U BvbU zQtU
1
1->5 5-5< 1-1> UvAzAzU.q b
UvAzAz g b
VAo vwbAob c
iAV b
>
1->5 1->5 F UvAzAzU.q b
UvAzAz g b
bAVbc
= bzbb c=
>-16 5-16 >-55 UvAzAzU.q b
UvAzAz g b
iAV b UvAzAz g b
3. J U o AooAoU b Aa 9-vUb vU sAo Aq Ubt A] H.I.I(Ao.I.Cb.IA)
165+165 (I) /1?2?-
8/3/2019 Written Arguments Filed in Case of Religious and Charitable Inam Land
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Uabf =dj 63
Ab > (r), Ab 1?>(z MoUb) cV ]v
t orU AzZbz Mz sivV AosbZ
Aowbvb. UbtU AAz Ab c
vV zU vb Aov orz Avb = Aob
Ab 1= b V UhU BYAooAoz ik MjAo (16=5=/1?
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Uabf 3dj 63
zi Vt MjV Kh Vr ziU IAz b o
BYAooAoz w Bzv V o AooAoz VU vb
F UV Aov U MAz V qZz.
A Covosodg Nfgml dj @argata`a lobl Mdurt og tlf masf dj @roslga ]lftty agc
Drs. v. Hagc Sronugah, ]dkwarpft agc Drs., OH^ 1?2? @ar. 1:111) U
BSbvb.
8/3/2019 Written Arguments Filed in Case of Religious and Charitable Inam Land
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Uabf 6dj 63
6. V MjAo 9-AU =1-1>-1? IUb 16 VAk, 1 IUb >5 VAk, 1 IUb
>5 VAk V U zAoz F c Aoob
zsU v zszw F bzw UAoAoAo Vtzbb Q VAk
orUqUAz Awbvb.
MzU AU 5
8/3/2019 Written Arguments Filed in Case of Religious and Charitable Inam Land
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Uabf :dj 63
M vUbb M, b z^V hz AV M IAz
Mjzbbz zZbvz. J V b MUiV U
z^V iVtU IA V o AooAoz w Bzv
V o AooAoz VU vb F UV qZz.
Bdclra Fhfmtromoty Md.Htc. & Agr vs Slf ]tatf Dj Buiarat Agc Agdtlfr
AO^ 1?26 ]M =>A Mdurt os gdt prfvfgtfc jrdk hdd`ogb ogtd tlf sunsfqufgt
mdgcumt dr amtogb dj partofs td jogc dut tlf kfagogb dj tlf tfrks dj a
cdmukfgt wlfg tlfrf os a hatfgt aknobuoty. Fxtrogsom fvocfgmf td cftfrkogf,tlf fjjfmt dj ag ogstrukfgt os pfrkossonhf wlfg tlfrf rfkaogs a cdunt as td
ots truf kfagogb agc fvocfgmf dj tlf amts cdgf ugcfr ot os a sajf buocf td tlf
ogtfgtodg dj tlf varofs, partomuharhy wlfg amts arf cdgf sldrthy ajtfr tlf catf
dj tlf ogstrukfgt.. Rlfg tlfrf os hatfgt aknobuoty fxtrogsom
fvocfgmf og tlf slapf dj ag ogtfrprftogb statfkfgt og wloml ndtl partofs lavf
mdgmurrfc slduhc nf ackossonhf. Rlfg ndtl partofs sunsfqufgthy say tlat, ny
tlf wdrc dr plrasf wloml og tlf mdgtfxt os aknobudus, tlfy kfagt a
partomuhar ogtfgtodg, ot dghy supphofs a bhdssary as td tlf kfagogb dj tlf wdrc
dr plrasf.
:. J AooAoU zi zU v zzw UAo UV F cz Vi U FzAo4 J V o Ug AoobzCb. Vbbc bb CAjAo z k CsUhU >55: b U J UUAq MAV bZ Yav
jUiV V J UAoAo MrAo wovUAv
FzAoAz vibvb.
IV]SOMF N.U. ]OGBL & IV]SOMF A^VG @VKA^ dj Slf ]uprfkf Mdurt og
K.N. ^akamlagcrag's masf, AO^ >556 ]M >:21, las mdgsocfrfc tlf Kysdrf
(Ufrsdgah agc Kosmfhhagfdus) Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?63, tlf Kysdrf
(^fhobodus agc Mlarotanhf) Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?66 agc tlf @argata`a
Ogaks Andhotodg Haws (Akfgckfgt) Amt, 1?2?. Og parabrapl = dj ots drcfr,
tlf ]uprfkf Mdurt gdtomfs tlat tlfrf wfrf twd Amts og tlf ]tatf dj @argata`a,
gakfhy, tlf Kysdrf (Ufrsdgah agc Kosmfhhagfdus) Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?63
(Amt Gd. 1 dj 1?66), wloml rfhatfc td andhotodg dj pfrsdgah ogaks agc tlf
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Uabf 2dj 63
Kysdrf (^fhobodus agc Mlarotanhf) Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?66 (Amt Gd. 1< dj
1?66), wloml rfhatfc td tlf andhotodg dj rfhobodus agc mlarotanhf ogaks. Slf
@argata`a Ogaks Andhotodg Haws (Akfgckfgt) Amt, 1?2? (Amt Gd. >: dj
1?2?) was fgamtfc ny tlf @argata`a Hfboshaturf. ]fmtodg > tlfrfdj akfgcfc
sdkf prdvosodgs dj tlf Kysdrf Amt 1 dj 1?66 rfhatogb td pfrsdgah ogaks, agc
]fmtodg = wlfrfdj akfgcfc sdkf dj tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf Kysdrf (^fhobodus
agc Mlarotanhf) Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?66 (Kysdrf Amt 1< dj 1?66), wloml
rfhatfc td andhotodg dj rfhobodus agc mlarotanhf ogaks. Slf ]uprfkf Mdurt
gdtomfs tlat og vofw dj tlf akfgckfgts nrdublt andut, ogtfr ahoa, tlf
iuroscomtodg td cftfrkogf dmmupagmy roblts was mdgjfrrfc dg tlf "Sronugah"
wloml was farhofr mdgjfrrfc dg tlf "Cfputy Mdkkossodgfr" ugcfr tlf
ugakfgcfc Amts. Slf ]uprfkf Mdurt gdtomfs dj a wrot pftotodg lavogb nffg
johfc ny ]ro @ucho ]rogbfro Kala ]akstlagak, @ucho v. ]tatf dj @argata`a ,
mlahhfgbogb tlf vahocoty dj tlf Akfgcogb Amt. Slf Lobl Mdurt cfmharfc tlf
fgtorf Akfgckfgt Amt dj 1?2? uhtra vorfs og tfrks dj ots iucbkfgt. ]tatf
prfjfrrfc appfahs. Appfahs wfrf coskossfc ny tlf ]uprfkf Mdurt og tfrks dj
tlf drcfr catfc
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Uabf 3-3-1??>, tlf Cfputy
Mdkkossodgfr lac cospdsfc dj tlf kattfr ugcfr tlf Kysdrf Amt 1 dj 1?66
wloml jfhh wotlog los iuroscomtodg, tlf saoc drcfrs wduhc gdt nf ajjfmtfc ny
tlat iucbkfgt agc wfrf savfc, nut tlat jrdk tlfg dgwarcs, tlf iuroscomtodg
slahh nf fxfrmosfc ny tlf Hagc Sronugah, ogmhucogb tlf kattfrs pfgcogb nfjdrf
tlf Cfputy Mdkkossodgfr. A marfjuh rfacogb dj tlf iucbkfgt dj tlf ]uprfkf
Mdurt ot os mhfar td kf tlat tlf ]uprfkf Mdurt mdgjorks tlat tlf iuroscomtodg os
stohh avaohanhf td tlf Cfputy Mdkkossodgfr ogsdjar as ot fxfrmosfs pdwfr
ugcfr Amt 1 dj 1?66. Og tlf hoblt dj arbukfgts og para 2 dj tlf saoc iucbkfgt
agc og tlf hoblt dj tlf jogcogbs og parabrapls ? td 11, wlat os mhfar td kf os
tlat tlf ]uprfkf Mdurt las mdgjorkfc tlf avaohanohoty dj tlf iuroscomtodg td
tlf ]pfmoah Cfputy Mdkkossodgfr ogsdjar as tlf pftotodg ugcfr Kysdrf
(^fhobodus agc Mlarotanhf) Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?66. Slf ]uprfkf Mdurt las
ruhfc og ugkosta`anhf tfrks tlat @ucho ]rogbfro Kala ]akstlagak's masf
wduhc attramt dghy tlf pfrsdgah Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, nut ot stohh las
iuroscomtodg og tlf hoblt dj tlf ]uprfkf Mdurt ldhcogb tlat tlf Akfgckfgt
Amt 1 dj 1?66 was gdt og ossuf.
2. Ao MjAo Vv MAo bvbAo9-zsU v zszw Fo bzw UAo 1?66 UAoAo 1?2= b
wzrAoAv UA ?(>)(I)(1) b UV AU =5-5:-1?-1?-1?
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Uabf ?dj 63
]lag`arapra ]lroslaohappa ... vs ]lovappa ^ucrappa ]utabatto OH^ 1???
@A^ 1=63, 1??? (=) @arHI 3:: Slf Covosodg Nfgml las mhfarhy lfhc tlat
Jdrk 2 maggdt nf fgtfrtaogfc oj ot os johfc ajtfr tlf fxpory dj =5-:-1?2?.]a`rappa vs ]tatf Dj @argata`aOH^ 1? Izbzbb v Uzbz IAo v Vt bz
B oqwzAzV, zAoU Vt bz s Mx Vt t
AzAo oqwzAzV IAo b v Mz Mb U
M. Mb U Ub Mb U @Azb Mb z oqbZzb
v wAo UiUbZzb IA MA vZbvz. Mb
UAo Czi zbU bzzb, YUi zziAz scAw
F CVvz. UA 15(=)(I) (1) v (>) b b v
Ao Fo M UAo MAo MjAo AU =1-1>-1?2? b
KV UQb U MA vz. J iwAo rzb MjAo
Vv Ao b. Czb F FziUAo b zU
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Uabf 15dj 63
v zszw F bzw UAo 1?66 b MAo FziU CzziAz
F Izbzbb v Ibq Ao MqZz. Mb Vtzbb4 Mb UA
:I UV v U wvbAo4. Mb bAU AvAz FbZ
qU Vzb Mb v U UA :I UV wwzb. J
UUAq U MAz V V i UbZz.
A.M. Agagtla ]waky Agc Agdtlfr vs ]tatf Dj @argata`a Agc DtlfrsOH^
1??< @A^ =5
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Uabf 11dj 63
15. Aoo AUz Fo Ubz vZbvz v bzsU v zzw F bzw UAoAo U U AoV
IAz w o UhU BY AooAoz AoobZz
bfAo v Cb. w bb rb J UUAq w Bzv
V o AooAoz MVV bv. Ibq Izbzbb
Av Mb z q FzbbZbvb, MiV zi
c U Fz Uz UZ U MAzAv 51-53-1?6? b Avb
Vt zbb FAz v FzbbAz MjAo wzb, MzQAvAY Fz b Fo h Ak AoVAo VAgVZ MjAo
wzb, Czb C iwAo Aooz qU Fz Avbz V
Fzbb Vtzbb QUAq U zbAoV
rU b.
]lro Clarkarayaswaky Sfkphf vs Mloggatlayappa OH^ 1??5 @A^
3>3> Slf jdrkfr ]tatf dj Kysdrf fgamtfc tlf Kysdrf (^fhobodus agc
Mlarotanhf) Ogargs Andhotodg Amt, 1?66. Vgcfr tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf Amt ahh
rfhobodus ogak hagcs stddc vfstfc og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt wotl fjjfmt jrdk 1-
3-1?6?, dg wloml catf tlf Amt makf ogtd jdrmf. Slf Amt prdvocfc tlat ajtfr
tlf Ogak tfgurf os andhoslfc, agc tlf hagcs arf vfstfc og tlf ]tatf, dmmupagmy
roblts og rfspfmt dj frstwlohf ogak hagcs nf mdgjfrrfc og javdur dj pfrsdgs
wld wfrf @acok tfgagts agc Ufrkagfgt tfgagts ugcfr ]fmtodgs 3 agc 6 dj
tlf Amt rfspfmtovfhy. Og rfspfmt dj dtlfr tfgagts, dtlfr tlag @acok tfgagts
agc pfrkagfgt tfgagts, ]fmtodg : dj tlf Amt prdvocfc tlat jrdk tlf catf dj
vfstogb tlf saoc tfgagts slahh mdgtoguf as tfgagts ugcfr tlf Bdvfrgkfgt og
rfspfmt dj tlf hagcs dj wloml tlfy wfrf tlf tfgagts ugcfr tlf Ogakcar prodr
td tlf catf dj vfstogb. ]fmtodg < dj tlf Amt prdvocfc tlat fxmfpt og rfspfmt dj
tlf matfbdrofs dj hagcs spfmojofc og tlf saoc ]fmtodg, tlf Ogakcar was fgtothfc
td nf rfbostfrfc as ag dmmupagt dj tlf hagcs wloml stddc vfstfc og tlf
Bdvfrgkfgt mdgsfqufgt dg tlf Andhotodg dj tlf Ogak hagcs. ............... Nut
tlf bragtogb dj dmmupagmy roblt mduhc nf dghy dg tlf nasos tlat tlf mhaokagt
lac nfmdkf a tfgagt dj suml hagc dj tlf Ogakcar dg agc ajtfr tlf catf dj
vfstogb dj tlf hagc og tlf Bdvfrgkfgt ugcfr tlat Amt agc/dr ajtfr tlf bragt
dj dmmupagmy roblt td tlf Ogakcar ugcfr tlf saoc 1?66 Amt0 jdr, ugcfr ]fmtodg
< dj tlat Amt dmmupagmy roblt mduhc nf agc wduhc lavf nffg bragtfc td ag
Ogakcar dghy og rfspfmt dj hagcs wloml wfrf gdt ugcfr muhtovatodg dj @acok
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Uabf 1>dj 63
tfgagts dr pfrkagfgt tfgagts wld wfrf fgtothfc td dmmupagmy roblt ugcfr
]fmtodgs 3 agc 6 tlfrfdj dr og rfspfmt dj wloml tlfrf wfrf gd dtlfr matfbdry
dj tfgagts, wld wfrf fgtothfc td mdgtoguf as tfgagts ugcfr tlf Bdvfrgkfgt
as prdvocfc og ]fmtodg : dj tlat Amt............ Kysdrf ^fhobodus agc Mlarotanhf
Ogaks Andhotodg Amt, 1?66 makf ogtd jdrmf wotl fjjfmt jrdk 1-3-1?6?. Vgcfr
tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf saoc Amt ahh tlf hagcs wloml lac mdgstotutfc rfhobodus
Ogaks og tlf ]tatf stddc vfstfc og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt. As statfc farhofr og
cftaoh. ]fmtodg 3 dj tlf Amt prdvocfc jdr mdgjfrkfgt dj dmmupagmy roblts dg
mfrtaog matfbdrofs dj tfgagts mahhfc @acok tfgagts. ]fmtodg 6 dj tlf Amt kacf
prdvosodg jdr bragt dj dmmupagmy roblts og rfspfmt dj pfrkagfgt tfgagts.
]fmtodg : dj tlf Amt os dj vfry katfroah okpdrtagmf td tlos masf. Ot prdvocfc
tlat fvfry tfgagt, dtlfr tlag tfgagts ugcfr ]fmtodgs 3 agc 6 wld ahdgf mduhc
mhaok dmmupagmy roblts, wduhc nfmdkf tfgagts ugcfr tlf Bdvfrgkfgt.
]fmtodg < dj tlf Amt prdvocfc jdr mdgjfrkfgt dj dmmupagmy roblts dg tlf
Ogakcar dghy og rfspfmt dj hagcs og rfspfmt dj wloml tlfrf wfrf gd tfgagts,
jahhogb ugcfr ]fmtodg 3, ]fmtodg 6 dr ]fmtodg :. Slfrfjdrf, jrdk tlfsf
prdvosodgs, ot os mhfar oj agy dgf was a @acok tfgagt dj ag frstwlohf ogak hagc
nfhdgbogb td a rfhobodus Ogstotutodg lf was fgtothfc td nf rfbostfrfc as ag
dmmupagt ugcfr ]fmtodg 3, agc a pfrkagfgt tfgagt dj ag frstwlohf rfhobodus
ogak hagc was fgtothfc td nf rfbostfrfc as ag dmmupagt ugcfr ]fmtodg 6. Fvfry
tfgagt dtlfr tlag a @acok tfgagt dr a pfrkagfgt tfgagt was td mdgtoguf as a
tfgagt ugcfr tlf Bdvfrgkfgt wotl fjjfmt jrdk tlf catf dj vfstogb. Slf
Ogakcar0 og tlf prfsfgt masf tlf pftotodgfr-tfkphf0 was fgtothfc td nf
rfbostfrfc as ag dmmupagt dj tlf hagc oj dghy og rfspfmt dj suml hagcs tlfrf
wfrf gd tfgagts fotlfr jahhogb ugcfr ]fmtodg 3 dr ]fmtodg 6 dr ]fmtodg : dj tlf
Amt.
11. w AvbAob MjAo UA :I b zU vzzw F bzw UAo MrAo b V U MA vIzbzbb b ot vz U Ao U Uv vz.Czb AvbAo v Mb bzbb v Vtzbb IAz v
z Arwzb. @UUz Ibq v z.
zAoz U oqv c Ybu Azb, Mz iVAgV
UA :I UV Qbvz. UA :I MrAo MjAo Vtzbb Mj
FbV bi U b Fb. Fvb Aoo
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Uabf 1=dj 63
VtziUAoAo Izbzbb b. Izbzbb UAoAv, Mb
UA :I MrAo ov bvb. Mb F c UbU qAooz
AU Az = V Az zi c Av B orbQbvz.
MAv Aooz z^Ao Izbzbb z FbziAz Avb
b z^V AAz J AooAo woU
bzZbvz. J V U MA o Aoobz
bf v o Aoobz bU bb J UUAq U
bZ ibvb.
K.G. ]lovappa vs ]tatf Dj @argata`a OH^ 1?32>, 1?)
@arHI 13: Nfgml9 ^ Idos, ^aka`roslga Rf lavf sft dut tlf prdvosodg dj
]fmtodg :A farhofr. Mhausf (1) rfjfrs td pfrsdgs sfrvogb og tlf tfkphfs og tlf
mapamoty dj Armla`/Uuiaro agc td pfrsdgs ldhcogb sokohar djjomfs wloml kfags
pfrsdgs fgbabfc og mdggfmtodg wotl tlf wdrsloppogb dj tlf cfoty og tlf
tfkphf. Mhausf (>) rfjfrs td pfrsdgs sfrvogb og tfkphfs og agy mapamoty dtlfr
tlag Armla`s/Uuiarofs agc tlf ho`f. Slf ]fmtodg mdgjfrs tlf fhobonohoty jdr
sfmurogb dmmupagmy roblts dg ndtl tlf mhassfs dj sfrvagts oj tlfy lac amtuahhy
muhtovatfc tlf hagcs jdr a pfrodc dj tlrff yfars. A marfjuh rfacogb dj tlf
]fmtodg wduhc ka`f ot mhfar tlat tlf Mhausf "pfrsdgahhy muhtovatogb jdr a
mdgtogudus pfrodc dj gdt hfss tlag tlrff yfars prodr td tlf catf dj vfstogb" og
Mausf(oo) dj ]fmtodg :A apphofs gdt dghy td tlf matfbdrofs dj pfrsdgs rfjfrrfc
td og Mhausf (o) nut ahsd og Mhausf (oo). Agy dtlfr mdgstrumtodg wduhc hfac tdogmdgbrudus rfsuhts. Sd ohhustratf 9 Oj ag Armla`/Uddiaro rfjfrrfc td og Mhausf
(o) os fgtothfc td dmmupagmy roblts og rfspfmt dj frstwlohf Ogak hagc nfhdgbogb
td a tfkphf fvfg tldubl lf was gdt muhtovatogb tlf hagcs, tlf jdhhdwogb
qufstodgs wduhc arosf. Oj agy dtlfr pfrsdg was amtuahhy muhtovatogb tlf hagc
agc jurtlfr lf lappfgs td nf fotlfr tlf @acok tfgagt dr Urdtfmtfc tfgagt dr
Ufrkagfgt tfgagt wlat slduhc lappfg td lok4 ]lduhc lf nf fvomtfc agc
dmmupagmy roblt slduhc nf bovfg td tlf Armla` agc tlfg wlat os tlf fxtfgt dj
hagc og rfspfmt dj wloml lf mag mhaok dmmupagmy roblts4 Mag lf mluk
dmmupagmy roblts og rfspfmt dj ahh tlf fxtfgts dj Ogak hagcs nfhdgbogb td tlf
rfhobodus ogstotutodg mdgmfrgfc4 Slf dtlfr prdvosodgs dj tlf Amt, gakfhy,
]fmtodgs 3, 6 agc 6A fxprfsshy prdvocf tlat tlf pfrsdgs muhtovatogb tlf
frstwlohf rfhobodus Ogak hagcs og tldsf mapamotofs arf fgtothfc td sfmurf
dmmupagmy roblts. Mfrtaoghy ]fmtodg :A os gdt ogtfgcfc td cfprovf tlf
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Uabf 13dj 63
dmmupagmy roblts og rfspfmt dj tlf pfrsdgs wld lavf nffrs amtuahhy
muhtovatogb tlf hagcs as prdtfmtfc tfgagt dr pfrkagfgt tfgagt dr `acok
tfgagt agc mdgjfr tlf dmmupagmy roblts dg tlf Armla`/Uddiaro, wld lac
gfvfr muhtovatfc tlf hagcs. ............................ Slfrfjdrf, wf rfspfmtjuhhy
cosabrff wotl tlf ogtfrprftatodg agc ldhc tlat tlf Mhausf 'pfrsdgahhy
muhtovatogb jdr a pfrodc dj gdt hfss tlag tlrff yfars' og Mhausf (oo) dj ]fmtodg :-
A apphofc td ndtl tlf matfbdrofs voz., Armla`/Uddiaro agc dtlfr tfkphf
sfrvagts.1>. V Vtzbb IAz vb Aoo iwAo sbZzb9-V 1 bUq Cs bk Vt v t wUAo zrUv
U Mzb BziU UA b v wAo VAo
zw bV IA v tAo bvb. MzU Aa
z^V v wV Av s. zi 1 A
hz hU vV MA iVt UbZz. zi
z^Ao 1?25-21 Az 1?2>-2= bV Ao IAzAvbAo IAz wbz VQbvz. IQk Cb-> b
b t sciUv tAooZbvz. Mzb AvbAo IA
MUb b bbz v tz v v btV
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Uabf 16dj 63
-1 z^Ao AU 1?-53-1?
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Uabf 1:dj 63
fgtry kust nf kacf dg tlf nasos dj tlf drcfr passfc ny tlf mdkpftfgt
autldroty.
1=. bV oqwb VtziU v V r b qwbVt zwAo v t zV UvAo bZ oo Uk J UUAqAv Vtzb bZ w Fwz. UAo . 1 b AoVb b 1?: b t ciUv V hU UAqAbziAzIzbzbb AUV Mz QAo cb r, Czb VFb Qzbb cbr zi AUV Mz t wbUbcvrUAo bZzb. t B^zb VUb v Mb FbV U iwAo bQbIAz vi AU 51-5=-1?23 b vVzUUz VwiU UAz v bQ VVzb. ].Zfg`atappa vs Garayagappa & Drs (>551) 3 ]MM 2560 Og suppdrt dj los
mhaok Appfhhagt lac rfhofc updg ^.S.M. rfmdrc dj roblts agc tfgagmy agcUalago jdr tlf mdgmfrgfc arfa. Slos sldwfc tlat jrdk 1?:6 td 1?25 tlf
Appfhhagt was muhtovatogb tlf hagc as "Rara" o.f. a tfgagt. Slos rfmdrc ahsd
sldwfc Kugoyakka as sfhj muhtovatdr jdr tlf yfars 1?25-21. Ot mduhc gdt nf
cosputfc tlat gd fgquory, as mdgtfkphatfc ugcfr tlf Amt, lac ta`fg phamf
nfjdrf suml a mlagbf was kacf og tlf rfmdrcs. Slf rfmdrc abaog sldws og
1?2=-23 agc 1?23-26 tlf gakf dj tlf Appfhhagt nut as a "]wagtla", o.f. a
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Uabf 12dj 63
muhtovatdr. Apart jrdk tlfsf tlf Appfhhagt bavf drah fvocfgmf dj los dwg
tfgagmy jorsthy ugcfr dgf ]ro Garayagappa, wld was tlf dwgfr nfjdrf
Kugoyakka, tlfg ugcfr Kugoyakka agc tlfrfajtfr ugcfr Kugovfg`atf
Bdwca. Kugovfg`atf Bdwca ahsd bavf fvocfgmf. Lf mdgjorkfc tlat tlf
Appfhhagt was a tfgagt ugcfr lok agc lac nffg payogb lok rfgt ny bovogb a
slarf og tlf mrdp. Slf Appfhhagt agc Kugovfg`atf Bdwca prdvfc mfrtaog rfgt
rfmfopts jdr tlf pfrodc 1?2> td 1?26. Kugovfg`atf Bdwca ammfptfc tlf jamt
tlat lf lac rfmfovfc tlf rfgt agc tlat lf lac ossufc tldsf rfgt rfmfopts. Slus
tlf ^fvfguf ^fmdrcs sldwfc tlat tlf Appfhhagt as a tfgagt jrdk 1?:6 td
1?25. Slfrfajtfr, tlf ^fvfguf ^fmdrcs sldwfc curogb tlf yfars 1?2> td
1?23 tlf gakf dj tlf Appfhhagt as a sfhj muhtovatdr. Ackottfc tlat fgtry
wduhc nf wrdgb nfmausf curogb tlos pfrodc Kugovfg`atf Bdwca was tlf
dwgfr dj tlf hagc. Slf fgtrofs sldw tlf prfsfgmf dj tlf Appfhhagt dg tlf hagc
as a tfgagt uptd 1?25. Slf fvocfgmf dj Kugovfg`atf Bdwca fstanhoslfs tlat
tlf Appfhhagt was a tfgagt tohh 1?26. Dg tlf andvf fvocfgmf, drah agc
cdmukfgtary ndtl tlf Hagc Sronugah as wfhh as tlf Appfhhatf Autldroty lac,
dg tlf katfroah nfjdrf tlfk, lfhc tlat tlf Appfhhagt was a tfgagt dj tlf hagcdg tlf appdogtfc cay o.f. 1st Karml, 1?23. Slf Drcfrs dj tlf Hagc Sronugah
agc tlf jorst Appfhhatf Mdurt arf rfstdrfc. Ny suprfkf mdurt.
13. U Aoo YbV iU, iz, ^qAoZiU, M YbV U iU IAz FzbMz M Uzbz Fzb iU IA V o AooAoz VU vb CAV AoAo U MA J UV bv. Fvfgdtlfrwosf, Ohhustratodg (f) dj ]fmtodg 113 dj tlf Fvocfgmf Amt prdvocfs jdr a
prfsukptodg tlat fvfry amtodg dj ]tatutdry Autldroty os marrofc dut og
ammdrcagmf wotl tlf haw. Slf fxprfssodgs "kay prfsukf" agc "slahh
prfsukf" arf cfjogfc og ]fmtodg 3 dj tlf Ogcoag Fvocfgmf Amt, 1 (og sldrt
"tlf Fvocfgmf Amt"). Slf prfsukptodgs jahhogb ugcfr tlf jdrkfr matfbdry arf
mdkpfgcodushy `gdwg as "jamtuah prfsukptodgs" dr "cosmrftodgary
prfsukptodgs" agc tldsf jahhogb ugcfr tlf hattfr as "hfbah prfsukptodgs" dr
"mdkpuhsdry prfsukptodgs". Vghfss tlf prfsukptodg os cosprdvfc dr
cospfhhfc dr rfnuttfc tlf Mdurt mag trfat tlf prfsukptodg as tagtakdugtogb
td prddj. Ldwfvfr, as a mautodg dj prucfgmf wf lavf td dnsfrvf tlat ot kay
nf ugsajf td usf tlat prfsukptodg td craw yft0 agdtlfr cosmrftodgary
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Uabf 1
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Uabf 1?dj 63
Gdw sff tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fvfguf Amt, 1?:3 (Amt 1> dj 1?:3). }dr
dtlfrwosf os fgtothfc td a tfgagmy og rfspfmt dj agy hagc usfc jdr abromuhturah
purpdsfs, tlf curatodg dj wloml os md-fxtfgsovf wotl tlf curatodg dj tlf
tfgurf dj tlf ogakcar0 nut, wlfrf tlf ogakcar os ag ogstotutodg dj rfhobodus
wdrslop slahh gdt ogmhucf a pfrsdg rfgcfrogb rfhobodus sfrvomf og dr
kaogtaogogb tlf ogstotutodg as a puiaro, armla` dr tlf ldhcfr dj a sokohar djjomf,
agc fgidyogb tlf nfgfjots dj agy hagc mdkprosfc og tlf ogak dj suml
ogstotutodg, wotldut payogb rfgt as suml og kdgfy dr og `ogc td tlat ogstotutodg
og rfspfmt dj suml hagc0
12. oZ FA v MA ojU iwAo Vtzbb AoozSv Ubb Ab IA UvAo 1
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Uabf >5dj 63
(1) wlfrf tlf tfgagt las nffg rfmdbgosfc as a pfrkagfgt tfgagt ny tlf
hagchdrc dr ny a Mdurt og a suot td wloml tlf hagchdrc was a party0
(>) wlfrf a tfgagt ldhcs hagc og rfspfmt dj wloml agy ahofgatodg las nffg
rfmdbgosfc ny tlf hagchdrc dr ny a Mdurt og a suot td wloml tlf hagchdrc was a
party dr wlfrf tlf ahofgatodg las gdt nffg mdgtfstfc ny tlf hagchdrc jdr
twfhvf yfars jrdk tlf catf dj tlf sfrvomf dj gdtomf dj ahofgatodg td tlf
hagchdrc0
(=) wlfrf jdr tlf nfttfr muhtovatodg dj tlf ldhcogb tlf tfgagt las kacf
pfrkagfgt okprdvfkfgts tlfrfdg td tlf `gdwhfcbf dj tlf hagchdrc agc las
nffg og ugcosturnfc pdssfssodg dj tlf ldhcogb mdgtogudushy jdr twfhvf yfars
tlfrfajtfr9 prdvocfc tlat tlf hagchdrc las kacf gd mdgtronutodg jdr suml
okprdvfkfgts gdr rfmdvfrfc fglagmfc rfgt jrdk tlf tfgagt gdr bovfg agy
gdtomf og wrotogb td tlf tfgagt tlat suml okprdvfkfgts wduhc gdt mrfatf agy
gfw roblts0
(3) wlfrf, og tlf ansfgmf dj a mdgtramt rfbarcogb tlf gaturf agc curatodg dj
tlf tfgagmy, tlf tfgagt las fstanhoslfc tlat lf las nffg og mdgtogudus
pdssfssodg dg paykfgt dj joxfc rfgt jdr a pfrodc dj twfhvfAgc wlfrf tlfrf os gd satosjamtdry fvocfgmf dj tlf mapamoty og wloml a pfrsdg
og pdssfssodg dj hagc og rfspfmt dj wloml lf rfgcfrs sfrvomf dr pays rfgt td
tlf hagchdrc, rfmfovfs, ldhcs dr rftaogs pdssfssodg dj tlf sakf, ot slahh nf
prfsukfc tlat lf os og pdssfssodg as tfgagt.
Gdtlogb mdgtaogfc og tlos sfmtodg slahh ajjfmt tlf roblt dj tlf hagchdrc (oj lf
lavf tlf sakf fotlfr ny vortuf dj abrffkfgt, usabf dr dtlfrwosf) td fglagmf
tlf rfgt payanhf, dr sfrvomfs rfgcfranhf, ny tlf tfgagt, dr td fvomt tlf tfgagt
jdr gdg-paykfgt dj tlf rfgt dr gdg-rfgcotodg dj tlf sfrvomfs, fotlfr
rfspfmtovfhy drobogahhy joxfc dr cuhy fglagmfc as ajdrfsaoc.
1
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Uabf >1dj 63
Slf @argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amt, 1?:1, makf ogtd jdrmf dg >-15-1?:6. Slf
Amt was og fxfmutodg dj tlf pdhomy dj abraroag rfjdrks agc was ogtfgcfc td
bovf dwgfrslop dj tlf hagc td tlf amtuah hawjuh tohhfr agc td avdoc ansfgtff
hagchdrcosk. Mfrtaog rfvdhutodgary akfgckfgts wfrf kacf td tlf prdvosodgs
dj tlf Amt ny Amt Gd. 1/1?23, wloml makf ogtd jdrmf w.f.j. 1-=-1?23. Slf Hagc
^fjdrks Amt sd akfgcfc os rfhfvagt jdr tlf purpdsf dj tlos masf. Ammdrcogb td
tlf Hagc ^fjdrks Amt as akfgcfc, ahh abromuhturah hagcs wloml wfrf ugcfr
muhtovatodg ny tlf tfgagts as dg tlf appdogtfc catf o.f. as dg 1-=-1?23 stagc
vfstfc og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt ugcfr ]fmtodg 33 dj tlf Amt, ]fmtodg 36 dj tlf
Amt prdvocfc jdr rfbostfrogb tlf tfgagts as dmmupagts dj tlf abromuhturah hagcs
dj wloml tlfy wfrf tlf tfgagts.
]fmtodg >(=3) dj tlf Hagc ^fjdrks Amt cfjogfc tlf wdrc 'tfgagt' rfacs9-
">(=3) 'tfgagt' kfags ag Abromuhturost (wld muhtovatfs pfrsdgahhy tlf hagc lf
ldhcs dg hfasf) jrdk a hagchdrc agc ogmhucfs, -
(o) a pfrsdg wld os cffkfc td nf a tfgagt ugcfr ]fmtodg 30(oo) a pfrsdg wld was prdtfmtfc jrdk fvomtodg jrdk agy hagc ny tlf
@argata`a Sfgagts (Sfkpdrary Urdtfmtodg jrdk Fvomtodg) Amt, 1?:10
(ooa) a pfrsdg wld muhtovatfs pfrsdgahhy agy hagc dg hfasf ugcfr a hfasf
mrfatfc mdgtrary td tlf prdvosodgs dj ]fmtodg 6 agc nfjdrf tlf catf dj
mdkkfgmfkfgt dj tlf Akfgckfgt Amt0
(ooo) a pfrsdg wld os a pfrkagfgt tfgagt0 agc
(ov) a pfrsdg wld os a prdtfmtfc tfgagt.
"]fmtodg >(=3) dj Hagc ^fjdrks Amt'tfgagt' kfags ag Abromuhturost (wld
muhtovatfs pfrsdgahhy tlf hagc lf ldhcs dg hfasf) jrdk a hagchdrc agc
ogmhucfs, -
(o) a pfrsdg wld os cffkfc td nf a tfgagt ugcfr ]fmtodg 30
(oo) a pfrsdg wld was prdtfmtfc jrdk fvomtodg jrdk agy hagc ny tlf
@argata`a Sfgagts (Sfkpdrary Urdtfmtodg jrdk Fvomtodg) Amt, 1?:10
(ooa) a pfrsdg wld muhtovatfs pfrsdgahhy agy hagc dg hfasf ugcfr a hfasf
mrfatfc mdgtrary td tlf prdvosodgs dj ]fmtodg 6 agc nfjdrf tlf catf dj
mdkkfgmfkfgt dj tlf Akfgckfgt Amt0
(ooo) a pfrsdg wld os a pfrkagfgt tfgagt0 agc
(ov) a pfrsdg wld os a prdtfmtfc tfgagt.
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Uabf >>dj 63
]fmtodg > (>=) dj Hagc ^fjdrks amt pfrkagfgt tfgagt dj tlf Hagc
^fjdrks Amt kfags a tfgagt wld muhtovatfs hagc pfrsdgahhy,
(a) tlf mdkkfgmfkfgt dr curatodg dj wldsf tfgagmy maggdt satosjamtdrohy nf
prdvfc ny rfasdg dj agtoquoty dj suml tfgagmy0 dr
(n) wldsf gakf dr tlf gakf dj wldsf prfcfmfssdr-og-tothf las nffg fgtfrfc
og tlf rfmdrc dj roblts dr og agy punhom rfmdrc dr og agy dtlfr rfvfguf rfmdrc
as a pfrkagfgt tfgagt0 dr
(m) wld ny mustdk, abrffkfgt dr tlf cfmrff dr drcfr dj a mdurt ldhcs tlf
hagc dg hfasf pfrkagfgthy0 dr
(c) wld ldhcs hagc as kuhbfgocar, korascar dr `lata `uh0 agc ogmhucfs agy
pfrsdg wldsf tfgagmy os ugcfr tlf prdvosodgs dj agy haw prfsukfc td nf md-
fxtfgsovf wotl tlf curatodg dj tlf tfgurf dj tlf hagchdrc0
]fmtodg 3 dj tlf Hagc ^fjdrks Amt rfacs9-
"3. Ufrsdgs td nf cffkfc tfgagts9-A pfrsdg hawjuhhy muhtovatogb agy hagc
nfhdgbogb td agdtlfr pfrsdg slahh nf cffkfc td nf a tfgagt oj suml hagc os gdtmuhtovatfc pfrsdgahhy ny tlf dwgfr agc oj suml pfrsdg os gdt -
(a) a kfknfr dj tlf dwgfr's jakohy, dr
(n) a sfrvagt dr a lorfc handurfr dg wabfs payanhf og masl dr `ogc nut gdt og
mrdp slarf muhtovatogb tlf hagc ugcfr tlf pfrsdgah supfrvosodg dj tlf dwgfr
dr agy kfknfr dj tlf dwgfr's jakohy, dr
(m) a kdrtbabff og pdssfssodg9
Urdvocfc tlat oj updg ag apphomatodg kacf ny tlf dwgfr wotlog dgf yfar jrdk
tlf appdogtfc cay -
(o) tlf Sronugah cfmharfs tlat suml pfrsdg os gdt a tfgagt agc ots cfmosodg os
gdt rfvfrsfc dg appfah, dr
(oo) tlf Sronugah rfjusfs td ka`f suml cfmharatodg nut ots cfmosodg os rfvfrsfc
dg appfah, suml pfrsdg slahh gdt nf cffkfc td nf a tfgagt."
]fmtodg >(11) dj tlf Hagc ^fjdrks Amt cfjogfs "td muhtovatf pfrsdgahhy"
as jdhhdws 9
Muhtovatf hagc dg dgf's dwg ammdugt
o) Ny dgf's dwg handur, dr
oo) ny tlf handur dj agy kfknfr dj dgf's jakohy, dr
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Uabf >=dj 63
ooo) ny lorfc handur dr ny sfrvagts dg wabfs payanhf og masl dr `ogc nut gdt og
mrdp slarf, ugcfr tlf pfrsdgah supfrvosodg dj dgf sfhj dr ny kfknfr dj dgf's
jakohy.".
A^BVKFGS]
Urfaknhf td tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amtwduhc sldw tlat tlf saoc
Amt las nffg fgamtfc td lavf ugojdrk haw rfhatogb td abraroag. Mdgjorkatodg
dj dwgfrslop dg tfgagt, mfohogb dj hagc ldhcogb agc jdr mfrtaog dtlfr kattfrs.
Ogtfrprftatodg las td nf og javdur dj tlf wfa`fr sfmtodgs dj tlf sdmofty wloml
wduhc amlofvf tlf dnifmt og tfrks dj tlf ogtfgtkfgt dj tlf hfboshatodg.
'Abromuhturf' las nffg cfjogfc sd ahsd 'abromuhturah handurfr' og tlf Amt.
'Sfgagt' las nffg cfjogfc td kfag ag abromuhturost wld muhtovatfs pfrsdgahhy
tlf hagc lf ldhcs dg hfasf jrdk a hagchdrc, agc 'Abromuhturost' las cfjogfc td
kfag a pfrsdg wld muhtovatfs hagc pfrsdgahhy. .. Jrdk a rfacogb dj tlf
cfjogotodgs abromuhturf, abromuhturost agc tfgagt, wlat os mhfar td
tlos partofs os tlat tlf hagc las td nf bovfg td ots amtuah muhtovatdr
og tfrks dj tlf Amt. Og tlf hoblt dj tlf fvocfgmf dj tlf ndtl tlf
partofs agc og tlf hoblt dj rfvfguf rfmdrcs, ot maggdt nf saoc dg
tlf jamts dj tlos masf tlat tlf 'tfgagt' os gdt ag abromuhturost og
tfrks dj tlf cfjogotodg og tlf masf dg lagc. Mrdp-slarf os dgf
kdcf dj tfgagmy og abromuhturah dpfratodg.
Og asmfrtaogogb tlf status dj a pfrsdg as tfgagt, tlf kdcf dj muhtovatodg as
sldwg og tlf Amt nfmdkfs vfry rfhfvagt. Slfrf arf og ahh, sox kdcfs, voz.(o) muhtovatfc ny ldhcfr loksfhj,
(oo) muhtovatfc ny lorfc handurfr0
(ooo) tfgagt payogb masl0
(ov) slarf dj mrdp0
(v) joxfc quagtoty dj prdcumf agc
(vo) prdxokoty dj ajdrfsaoc jdrks.
Ot os truf tlat nurcfg dj prdvogb tfgagmy os updg tlf pfrsdg wld assfrts ot dr
wld mhaoks ot. Sfgagmy kfags rfhatodgslop dj hagchdrc agc tfgagt nut og vofw
dj tlf pfmuhoar agc spfmoah prdvosodgs dj ]fmtodg >(1
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Uabf >3dj 63
Cfjogotodg dj "tfgagt" os covocfc ogtd twd parts - dgf mdgtramtuah agc tlf
dtlfr statutdry dr wld mag nf cfsmronfc jdr nrfvoty's sa`f "cffkfc tfgagts".
Ot mduhc vfry wfhh nf vosuahosfc jrdk tlf ajdrfsaoc prdvosodgs tlat "cffkfc
tfgagt" dr a statutdry tfgagt kfags a pfrsdg wld hawjuhhy muhtovatfs agy
hagc nfhdgbogb td agdtlfr pfrsdg oj suml pfrsdg os gdt a kfknfr dj tlf
dwgfr's jakohy dr a sfrvagt dg wabfs payanhf og masl dr `ogc nut gdt og slarf
dr a lorfc handur muhtovatogb tlf hagc ugcfr tlf pfrsdgah supfrvosodg dj tlf
dwgfr dr agy kfknfr dj tlf dwgfr's jakohy dr a kdrtbabff og pdssfssodg.
]fmtodg 3, tlfrfjdrf, jar jrdk cfjogogb a statutdry tfgagt, raosfs a
prfsukptodg dj statutdry tfgagmy og tlf mormukstagmfs prdvocfc tlfrfog. A
prfsukptodg mag nf rfnuttfc ny sldwogb gdt gfmfssarohy tlf fxmfptodgs
prdvocfc og tlf sfmtodg otsfhj nut ny dtlfr mormukstagmfs ahsd ny sldwogb tlat
tlf pfrsdg ldhcogb tlf hagc os gdt sd ldhcogb og tlf mapamoty dj a tfgagt nut og
sdkf dtlfr pdsotodg.
Slf mdgmfpt dj "tfgagt" og tlf Sfgagmy Amt os jdugcfc prokarohy dg "hagc"agc ots "muhtovatodg". Slf prdmfss dj tlog`ogb fkndcofc og ]fmtodg 3 os
prokarohy nasfc dg tlf "hagc" agc ots hawjuh muhtovatodg agc gdt kfrfhy
muhtovatodg. Slf muhtovatodg kust lavf ots drobog og sdkf hawjuh amt agc tlat os
wly tlf sfmtodg cfsmronfs agc gdt cfjogfs a cffkfc tfgagt, as dgf wld os
"hawjuhhy muhtovatogb agy hagc nfhdgbogb td agdtlfr" tlat os td say, sd
muhtovatogb agy hagc og los dwg roblt agc gdt dg nflahj dj agdtlfr. Slf
fxprfssodg "hawjuhhy muhtovatogb" wduhc kfag tlf sakf tlogb as muhtovatogb
"dg dgf's dwg ammdugt" agc jdr "dgf's dwg prdjot", og part dr og juhh. Slf
ugcfrhyogb purpdrt agc cfsobg nflogc ]fmtodg 3 os td prdtfmt a hawjuh
muhtovatdr amtovfhy fgbabfc og tlf amt dj raosogb tlf mrdps dg tlf hagc dr ots
kaidr part tldubl lf kay gdt nf ldhcogb tlf hagc dg hfasf og a tracotodgah
sfgsf dj tlf tfrks. Slf fxprfssodg "hawjuhhy muhtovatogb" os gdw vfry wfhh
sftthfc. Ot maggdt fxost wotldut tlf mdgmdkotagt fxostfgmf dj hawjuh
rfhatodgslop wloml mag nf prdvfc fvfg wotldut tlf jdrkah prddj dj a
tracotodgah jdrk dj hfasf.
Slf Mdgmosf Dxjdrc Comtodgary, (Ztl Fcotodg 1?:3) cfjogfs 'abromuhturost' at
pabf >: ugcfr tlf tfrk 'abromuhturf' as jdhhdws0 "Muhtovatodg dj tlf sdoh. Lfgmf
abromuhturah, abromuhturost." Og dtlfr wdrcs tlf kfagogb td' nf attamlfc td tlf
tfrk 'abromuhturost' os tlf pfrsdg wld muhtovatfs tlf sdoh.
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Uabf >6dj 63
Slf tfrk las nffg hfbahhy cfjogfc ugcfr tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amt td
kfag a pfrsdg wld muhtovatfs hagc pfrsdgahhy. 'Sd muhtovatf' wotl Ots
brakkatomah varoatodgs agc mdbgatf fxprfssodgs kfags td tohh dr lusnagc tlf
hagc jdr tlf purpdsf dj raosogb dr okprdvogb abromuhturah prdcumf wlftlfr ny
kaguah handur dr ny kfags dj matthf dr kamlogfry, dr td marry dg agy
abromuhturah dpfratodg tlfrfdg0 agc tlf fxprfssodg 'ugmuhtovatfc' slahh nf
mdgstrufc mdrrfspdgcogbhy.
1?. oSU VtziUAo U Kvz, Kkb Bzb UqAo v z Fz9-]fmtodg >(=3) dj tlf @argata`a Hagc fvfguf Amt, 1?:3rfacs tlus9
""Sfgagt" kfags a hfssff, wlftlfr ldhcogb ugcfr ag ogstrukfgt dr ag drah
abrffkfgt agc ogmhucfs.-
(o) a pfrsdg wld os dr os cffkfc td nf a tfgagt ugcfr agy haw jdr tlf tokf
nfogb og jdrmf0
(oo) a kdrtbabff dj a tfgagt's roblts wotl pdssfssodg, dr
(ooo) a hfssff ldhcogb corfmthy ugcfr tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt dr a hdmah autldroty
dr ndcy mdrpdratf".
Ot os og tlos mdgtfxt tlat a honfrah ogtfrprftatodg os mahhfc jdr `ffpogb og kogc
tlf sdmod-fmdgdkom tlrust. Og tlos nam`brdugc, ot kust nf rfkfknfrfc tlat
honfrah ogtfrprftatodg og `ffpogb wotl sdmod-fmdgdkom tlrust wduhc nf td
ahhdw a muhtovatdr td prdvf los status ahtfrgatovfhy ny rfsdrtogb td tlf
prdvosodg dj ]fmtodg 3 wlfrf lf os uganhf td prdvf a hfasf og tfrk dj ]fmtodg
156 dj tlf Sragsjfr dj Urdpfrty Amt. A pfrsdg wld os slarogb mrdp maggdt nf
saoc td nf kfrf ldhcfr dj sftthfkfgt dj sfrvomf. A prdvosodg os rfquorfc td nf
ogtfrprftfc td sunsfrvf tlf purpdsf dj tlf Amt og tlf jamtuah nam`brdugc og a
bovfg masf. Ot os a sftthfc prdpdsotodg dj haw tlat ogtfrprftatodg slduhc nf
nfgfvdhfgt. A pfrsdg, hawjuhhy, muhtovatogb agy hagc nfhdgbogb td agdtlfr
pfrsdg wduhc nf cffkfc td nf a tfgagt oj suml hagc os gdt muhtovatfcpfrsdgahhy ny tlf dwgfr agc oj suml pfrsdg os gdt a kfknfr dj tlf dwgfr's
jakohy dr kdrtbabff og pdssfssodg dr sfrvagt dg wabfs payanhf og masl dr
`ogc nut gdt og slarf dj lorfc handurfr ugcfr tlf pfrsdgah supfrvosodg dj tlf
dwgfr. Ot mduhc vfry wfhh nf sffg jrdk tlf prdvosodgs dj ]fmtodg 3 tlat pfrsdg
muhtovatogb tlf hagc agc wabfs arf paoc og masl dr `ogc nut gdt og mrdp slarf
os fxmhucfc jrdk tlf cfjogotodg dj ]fmtodg 3. Oj a pfrsdg wld os, pfrsdgahhy,
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Uabf >:dj 63
muhtovatogb tlf hagc fvfg og mapamoty dj sfrvagt agc wld rfmfovfs mrdp slarf,
kay nf og part, mduhc nf saoc td lavf nffg mdvfrfc ny tlf cfjogotodg dj
"cffkfc tfgagt" ugcfr ]fmtodg 3.
>5. I iwAo VtAo VV 51-5=-1?23 Uz vi^CZbvz.Iustomfs Z Kahokatl, @ I ]lftty, & U Ndpagga og Nahhfsla ^aka @ldt Agc
Drs. vs Slf Hagc Sronugah, Mlo`dco AO^ 1?2< @agt 2=]fmtodg 33(1). Slat
]fmtodg mdkkfgmfs wotl tlf wdrcs "Ahh hagcs lfhc ny dr og tlf pdssfssodg dj
tfgagts stagc tragsjfrrfc td agc vfst og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt." Ot prdvocfs
tlat tlf hagcs gdt dghy og tlf amtuah pdssfssodg dj tfgagts nut ahsd tldsf lfhc
ny tlfk okkfcoatfhy prodr td jorst Karml, 1?23, slahh vfst og tlf ]tatf
Bdvfrgkfgt. Slf hagc lfhc ny a tfgagt kay gdt nf og los amtuah pdssfssodg.
Slf wdrcs "Sd ldhc hagc" ahtldubl gdt cfjogfc ugcfr tlf Amt, nut wf mag
ta`f tlfor kfagogb jrdk tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fvfguf Amt, 1?:3, as ]fmtodg
>(N) dj tlf Amt prdvocfs tlat wdrcs agc fxprfssodgs usfc, nut gdt cfjogfc
slahh lavf tlf kfagogb assobgfc td tlfk og tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fvfguf Amt.
Vgcfr ]fmtodg >(11) dj tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fvfguf Amt, 1?:3 tlf fxprfssodg
"td ldhc hagc" dr td nf "a hagc dwgfr dr ldhcfr dj hagc" td kfag "td nf og
hawjuh pdssfssodg dj hagc wlftlfr suml pdssfssodg os amtuah dr gdt". Ot os mhfar
jrdk tlos cfjogotodg tlat tlf fxprfssodg "ahh hagcs lfhc" usfc og ]fmtodg 33(1)
las td nf ugcfrstddc as kfagogb tlfrfny, tlf hagcs os hawjuh pdssfssodg dj a
tfgagt, wlftlfr suml pdssfssodg os amtuah dr gdt. Slfrfjdrf, fvfg oj tlf hagc
was gdt og amtuah pdssfssodg dj tlf tfgagt okkfcoatfhy prodr td jorst Karml,
1?23, oj ot was a tfgagtfc hagc, ot vfsts og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt. Slat tlf hagc
maggdt nf rfbostfrfc og javdur dj tlf tfgagt wld was gdt og amtuah pdssfssodg
okkfcoatfhy prodr td jorst Karml, 1?23, os gdt rfhfvagt jdr tlf purpdsf dj
cfmocogb tlf qufstodg as td wlftlfr tlf hagc stagcs vfstfc og tlf ]tatf
Bdvfrgkfgt ugcfr ]fmtodg 33 dj tlf Amt.
Og Gabappa Cfvagga's masf, 1?2< (1) @HI 25 a Covosodg Nfgml dj@argata`a Lobl Mdurt mdgsostogb dj Bdvogca Nlat, M. I. agc Hah0 I. fxakogogb
tlf vfry prfmosf qufstodg fxprfssfc tlus 9 " .... ]d, wlat os rfhfvagt jdr tlf
purpdsf dj tlf Amt agc cftfrkogatodg dj tlf Sronugah os wlftlfr tlf hagcs og
rfspfmt dj wloml prdmffcogbs arf ta`fg ugcfr Mlaptfr-Ohh, wfrf tfgagtfc
hagcs nfogb muhtovatfc pfrsdgahhy ny tlf ahhfbfc tfgagts okkfcoatfhy prodr td
1-=-1?23. Oj tlf hagc dr hagcs wfrf tfgagtfc hagcs, td wloml ]fmtodg 33 os
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Uabf >2dj 63
attramtfc, suml hagcs vfst og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt dg 1-=-1?23. ]fmtodg 36
prdvocfs tlat tlf hagc dr hagcs wloml lavf vfstfc og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt
ugcfr ]fmtodg 33 slahh nf rfbostfrfc og tlf gakf dj tlf tfgagt as dmmupagt dj
tlf hagc prdvocfc tlat pfrsdg was muhtovatogb tlf hagc pfrsdgahhy
okkfcoatfhy prodr td tlf catf dj vfstogb voz., 1-=-1?23. Oj tlfrf was agy
cospdssfssodg ajtfr 1-=-1?23 ny tlf hagchdrc dr ny tlf kaog tfgagt dr a sun-
tfgagt, ot os wldhhy okkatfroah agc wohh gdt ajjfmt tlf roblt dj tlf tfgagt
pfrsdgahhy muhtovatogb tlf hagc okkfcoatfhy prodr td 1-=-1?23. Slfrfjdrf,
fvfg assukogb tlat tlf statfkfgt dj tlf appfhhagt was Mdrrfmthy rfmdrcfc ny
tlf Sronugah los apphomatodg mduhc gdt lavf nffg rfifmtfc dg tlf brdugc tlat
lf lac mfasfc td muhtovatf tlf hagc okkfcoatfhy prodr td 15-
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Uabf > iAz fiAoz VtziUAo bUu U -1
v Cb-> b, 1?: td rfbuhatf tlf rfhatodgslop dj hagchdrcs agc tfgagts dj abromuhturah
hagcs, okpdsf rfstromtodgs dg tlf tragsjfr dj abromuhturah hagcs agc ogmocfgtah
prdvosodgs makf ogtd jdrmf at agy ratf jrdk 1-1-1?63 og tlf fgtorf dhc Kysdrf
arfa. Jrdk tlos vfry nrofj survfy, ot os apparfgt tlat abromuhturah tfgagmofs og
dhc Kysdrf arfa fvfg wlfrf tlfy lac tlfor drobog og mdgtramts wfrf rfbuhatfc
ny tlf 1?6> Amt. Slf Amt sfrodushy ogtfrjfrfc wotl tlf roblts dj hagchdrcs og
mdhhfmtogb abrffc rfgts, jdrjfotogb tfgagmofs, ogtfrjfrogb wotl tlf muhtovatodg
dj tfgagts agc cospdssfssogb tlfk fxmfpt ugcfr agc og ammdrcagmf wotl tlf
prdvosodgs kacf tlfrfog. . Slf Kysdrf Sfgagmy Amt, 1?6> was gdt a
tfkpdrary kfasurf. Nut, stohh tlf ]tatf wotl tlf avdwfc dnifmt dj
sajfbuarcogb pdssfssodg dj tfgagts agc prfvfgtogb tlfor fvomtodgs nfjdrf
fgamtogb mdkprflfgsovf Hagc ^fjdrks hfboshatodg jorst fgamtfc tlf Kysdrf
Sfgagmy (Akfgckfgt agc Mdgtoguagmf dj Sfgagmofs) Amt, 1?62 (@argata`a
Amt 1: dj 1?62) prdlonotfc fvomtodgs agc cospdssfssodg dj tfgagts tohh tlf
pfrodc spfmojofc og ]fmtodg 3 dj tlat Amt, wloml was fxtfgcfc tohh =5-:-1?::
ny Amts 12 dj 1?6?, 3 dj 1?:1, == dj 1?:1 agc 1> dj 1?:= fgamtfc jrdk tokf
td tokf. Rf wohh lfrfajtfr rfjfr td tlfsf Amts as tlf 1?62 Amt ]fmtodg 13>(1A)dj tlf H^ Amt ogtrdcumfc ny Amt Gd. 13 dj 1?:6 prdtfmts tldsf tfgagts
prdtfmtfc ny 1?62 Amt jrdk fvomtodg agc cospdssfssodg fxmfpt og ammdrcagmf
wotl tlat Amt. Nfjdrf tlf fxpory dj tlf pfrodc stopuhatfc og tlf 1?62 Amt, tlf
]tatf fgamtfc tlf H^ Amt as Amt Gd. 15 dj 1?:>. Slf H^ Amt makf ogtd jdrmf
jrdk >-15-1?:6 (vocf ].D. Gd. =1:: catfc 1=-?-1?:6). Slf H^ Amt, a ugojdrk
haw was fgamtfc td rfbuhatf abraroag rfhatodgs, mdgjfrkfgt dj dwgfrslop dg
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Uabf >?dj 63
tfgagts, mfohogb dg hagc ldhcogbs agc jdr dtlfr kattfrs ogmocfgtah td tldsf
dnifmts.. ]fmtodg 3 dj tlf H^ Amt os a vortuah rfprdcumtodg dj
]fmtodg 3 dj tlf 1?6> Amt ]fmtodg 6 dj tlf H^ Amt prdlonots tlf mrfatodg dj gfw
tfgagmofs jrdk tlf appdogtfc cay fxmfpt tldsf tlat arf pfrkottfc. ]fmtodg 13
dj tlf H^ Amt prdvocfs jdr rfsukptodg dj hagcs ny hagchdrcs og tlf spfmojofc
mormukstagmfs. ]fmtodg >> dj tlf H^ Amt prdvocogb jdr twd kdrf
brdugcs jdr fvomtodg dj tfgagts os a vortuah rfprdcumtodg dj ]fmtodg 16 dj tlf
1?6> Amt. .. ]fmtodg 13 dj tlf drobogah Amt prdvocogb jdr rfsukptodgs ny
hagchdrcs jdr ndga jocf agc dtlfr spfmojofc purpdsfs was dkottfc jrdk 1-=-
1?23.
]kt. Na`uhanao vs ]locaraya AO^ 1?2= Kys 1=3, (1?2=) 1 KysHI, L.N.
Catar, I. Og drcfr td apprfmoatf tlf rfspfmtovf mdgtfgtodgs raosfc ny tlf
partofs og tlos rfvosodg pftotodg, ot wduhc nf gfmfssary td rfjfr nrofjhy td
mfrtaog prdvosodgs dj tlf Kysdrf Hagc ^fjdrks Amt. ]fmtodg 13 (1) dj tlf Amt
fgtothfs tlf hagchdrc td ka`f ag apphomatodg jdr rfsukptodg dj hagc jrdk tlf
tfgagts. Dg tlf apphomatodg nfogb johfc, tlf mdurt os rfquorfc td corfmt ag
fgquory agc "cftfrkogf tlf hagc dr hagcs" wloml tlf hagchdrc wohh nf fgtothfc
td rfsukf, agc slahh ossuf a mfrtojomatf td tlf hagchdrc td tlf fjjfmt tlat tlf
hagc dr hagcs spfmojofc og suml mfrtojomatf lavf nffg rfsfrvfc jdr rfsukptodg
agc tlfrfupdg tlf roblt td rfsukf pdssfssodg slahh nf fxfrmosanhf dghy og
rfspfmt dj tlf hagcs spfmojofc og suml mfrtojomatf agc slahh gdt fxtfgc td agy
dtlfr hagc.
Nasavaggfppa ]agbappa vs ^aiasalfn Kalakkacalgoj ]alfn AO^1?:3 @agt 3=, AO^ 1?:3 Kys 3= Kysdrf Sfgagts (Sfkpdrary Urdtfmtodg
jrdk Fvomtodg) Amt 1?:1 wloml makf ogtd jdrmf dg Cfmfknfr =5, 1?:1.
]fmtodg = dj tlat Amt prdlonots tlf fvomtodg dj a tfgagt gdtwotlstagcogb
agytlogb mdgtaogfc og agy haw, cfmrff dr drcfr dj a movoh dr rfvfguf Mdurt dr
dj a Sronugah curogb tlf pfrodc tlat tfkpdrary Amt rfkaogs og jdrmf. . Oj
tlf haw wloml tlf ]tatf Hfboshaturf las kacf wotlog ots dwg hfboshatovf jofhc
jdrnocs tlf fvomtodg dj a tfgagt jdr ldwfvfr tfkpdrary a pfrodc, ot wduhc, O
tlog`, nf jutohf jdr agy hagchdrc curogb tlat pfrodc td as` us td ka`f ag drcfr
jdr tlat fvomtodg wloml os tfkpdrarohy naggfc ny hfboshatodg. Sd ta`f ag drcfr
jdr fvomtodg og tlat sotuatodg wduhc lf td autldrosf sdkftlogb wloml a
hagchdrc os jdrnoccfg jrdk cdogb sd, agc ot os mhfar tlat dur iuroscomtodg
slduhc gdt nf fxfrmosfc og tlat way.
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Uabf =5dj 63
]uprfkf Mdurt rfpdrtfc og masf dj ]tatf dj @argata`a agc Agr. v.
Vppfbduca agc Drs. 1??2( = )]MM 6?=wlfrfog ot las nffg lfhc tlat "Slf
dnifmt dj Sfgagmy Amt os td prdtfmt tlf tfgagts td rfkaog og pdssfssodg agc
fgidy ot sunifmt td mdkphoagmf dj tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf Sfgagmy Amt.
Mdgtramtfc tfgagmy mdkfs td ag fgc agc statutdry tfgagmy sfts og dpfratodg
agc sd lf wduhc nf hoanhf jdr fifmtkfgt dghy dg prdvfc brdugcs dj statutdry
mdgtravfgtodg, tlf fgtrofs dj rfvfguf rfmdrcs arf sfhj-sfrvogb. Slfrf was gd
drcfr dj a mdkpftfgt autldroty dj fvomtodg dj tfgagt jdr mdgtravfgtodg dj tlf
andvf-kfgtodgfc brdugcs. Slf prdvosd, tldubl fganhfs a hagchdrc td dntaog
pdssfssodg dg surrfgcfr, ot kust nf prdvfc stromthy, as sfvfrah cfvomfs wduhc
nf usfc td mormukvfgt tlf nfgfjomoah prdvosodg agc ohhotframy agc obgdragmf dj
tlf tfgagt wduhc nf ta`fg acvagtabf dj. Ot os fasy td lavf tlf fgtrofs kacf
wotl tlf assostagmf dj patwaro wld lac fxmhusovf mustdcy dj tlf rfmdrcs.
Slfrf os gd prddj dj fvomtodg dj tlf tfgagt. Slf stagc ta`fg ny tlf hagcldhcfr
os gdt suppdrtfc ny hfbah sfttogb".U.B. Fslwarappa vs. K.^ucrappa & Drs. 1??:( : )]MM ?: lfhc tlat
fifmtodg dj a tfgagt ugcfr a cfmrff dntaogfc prodr td tlf mdkogb ogtd jdrmf
dj tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amt, 1?:1 lac mdkf ogtd jdrmf was ohhfbah agc
tlat lf was fgtothfc td rfstotutodg dj tlf pdssfssodg ohhfbahhy ta`fg away
jrdk lok. Ot was lfhc tlat dg tlf catf wlfg tlf Amt lac mdkf ogtd
jdrmf agc tlf tfgagt was jdugc td nf og pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc ny
dpfratodg dj sun-sfmtodg (1) dj ]fmtodg >>, wotl a gdg- dnstagtf
mhausf, tlf tfgagt slahh gdt nf fvomtfc jrdk tlf hagc lfhc ny lok fxmfpt dg
tlf brdugcs fgukfratfc og mhausfs (a) td (f) dj ]fmtodg >>.
Slf @argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amt, 1?:1, makf ogtd jdrmf dg >-15-1?:6. Slf
dnifmt dj tlf saoc Amt, ogtfr ahoa, os td tfrkogatf tlf rfhatodgslop dj hagchdrc agc
tfgagt agc td mdgjfr dwgfrslop roblts dg tlf tfgagts. Hagchdrcs arf prdlonotfc
jrdk fvomtogb tlfor tfgagts. ]fmtodg >6 prdvocfs jdr surrfgcfr dj hagcs lfhc ny a
tfgagt. Og Slugba Nao Agc Drs. vs Zoslaha`slo Lfbbactlo Agc Agr OH^ 1?26
@A^ 2=? ot os dnsfrvfc tlat9 Ny ]fmtodg >6 a nar was okpdsfc abaogst surrfgcfr
dj agy hagc lfhc ny a tfgagt wotldut tlf prfvodus pfrkossodg og wrotogb dj tlf
'mdurt'. Slf Mdurt mag bragt pfrkossodg ajtfr ka`ogb fgquory oj ot os satosjofc tlat
tlf prdpdsfc surrfgcfr os ndga jocf agc tlf hagc surrfgcfrfc cdfs gdt fxmffc tlf
fxtfgt dj hagc wloml tlf hagchdrc mduhc lavf rfsukfc jrdk los tfgagt ugcfr
]fmtodg 13. Slf sfmtodg jurtlfr narrfc tlf hagchdrcs jrdk fgtfrogb updg tlf hagc
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Uabf =1dj 63
surrfgcfrfc ny tlfor tfgagts wotldut tlf prfvodus pfrkossodg og wrotogb dntaogfc
jrdk tlf Mdurt. Slus tlfrf os a prdlonotodg abaogst surrfgcfr dj agy hagc ny a
tfgagt agc a jurtlfr prdlonotodg abaogst tlf hagchdrc jrdk fgtfrogb updg tlf hagc
surrfgcfrfc ny tlf tfgagt, wotldut tlf prfvodus pfrkossodg og wrotogb dj tlf
Mdurt.
Og Slugba Nao Agc Drs. vs Zoslaha`slo Lfbbactlo Agc Agr OH^ 1?26 @A^
2=?ot os dnsfrvfc tlat9 Slf pdssfssodg dj tlf suot hagcs og tlf fyf dj haw ahways
rfkaogfc wotl tlf tfgagts. Slf fgtry dj cfjfgcagt 1 dg tlf suot hagcs os prdlonotfc
ny ]fmtodg >6(1) dj tlf Amt. Slat prdlonotodg os ag ogiugmtodg abaogst hagchdrcs gdt
td fgtfr updg tlf hagcs lfhc ny tfgagts wotldut tlf prfvodus pfrkossodg og wrotogb
dj tlf Mdurt. Faml fgtry ny cfjfgcagt 1 updg tlf suot hagcs mdgstotutfs ag amt dj
trfspass agc a mhfar ogvasodg dj tlf hfbah roblts dj tlf phaogtojjs. Rlfg tlf
phaogtojjs lavf sldwg tlat tlfy lavf a hfbah roblt agc tlat hfbah roblt os ogvacfc ny
tlf ughawjuh amts dj tlf cfjfgcagts, tlfy arf fgtothfc td tlf rfhofj dj ogiugmtodg at
tlf lagcs dj tlf Movoh Mdurt.
>=. F UAoAo IzbzbiAz vZ MxUZz9-F IAzb @4, zi UAoAo AooiV bUu qZz4 vU
qb FzbiV c U F. IA I MAV v
MxUZz. > wV vU qAowzb IA MA
KAz wAo vb. v vN Ibq wV Kvb.
zsU v zszw F bzw UAo UA 1?(1) b VZz.
Slf Bdvfrgkfgt slahh pay td tlf ogakcar fvfry yfar sd hdgb as tlf
ogstotutodg fxosts as mdkpfgsatodg jdr ahh tlf roblts dj tlf ogakcar vfstogb og
tlf ]tatf dj @argata`a ugcfr tlos Amt Ptlf nasom agguah suk as a Sasco`
ahhdwagmf[. {]unstotutfc jdr tlf wdrcs "ag akdugt fquah td tlf akdugt tlat
wduhc lavf nffg payanhf td a rfhobodus dr mlarotanhf ogstotutodg ugcfr mhausf
(ooo) dj tlf sfmdgc prdvosd td ]fmtodg 61 dj tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amt,
1?:1 (@argata`a Amt 15 dj 1?:>) as oj tlf ogakcar wfrf a hagc ldhcfr agc los
roblts og tlf ogak hagcs lac nfmdkf fxtogbuoslfc agc vfstfc og tlf ]tatf
Bdvfrgkfgt ugcfr ]fmtodg 33 dj tlf saoc Amt" ny Amt Gd. 1< dj 1?
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Uabf =>dj 63
Iustomf Cahvffr Nlagcaro agc Iustomf A.@. Uatgao` og tlf ]uprfkf Mdurt
dj Ogcoa og masf dj ]. Gabarai (cfac) ny H^s. Zs N.^. Zasucfva Kurtly &
Drs. Cospdsogb dj tlf appfahs, tlf Mdurt dg Jfnruary 5515 ,
^fpdrtfc og (>515) = ]MM =6= Slf jogcogbs dj tlf Covosodg Nfgml dj tlf
Lobl Mdurt og tlf iucbkfgt catfc 16.?.1??< og tlf Rrot Appfah tlat tlf drcfr
catfc 16.:.1?2? dj tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt sagmtodgogb tlf bragt dj hagc og
javdur dj tlf ]agbla was vahoc agc tlat tlf Ogakcars wfrf dghy fgtothfc td
tlf promf payanhf jdr tlf hagc wlfg tlfor mhaoks jdr rfbostratodg ugcfr
]fmtodgs ? agc 15 dj tlf Ogak Andhotodg Amt wfrf ahhdwfc agc tlat tlf
Ogakcars lavf waovfc tlfor roblt dj dmmupatodg og tlf hagc ny fgtfrogb ogtd
tlf abrffkfgt catfc 1.11.1?>.1>.>55= tlat dg tlfmdkpftfgt autldroty bragtogb dmmupagmy roblt td tlf Ogakcars ny tlf drcfr
catfc >=.:.1?, tlf Ogakcars lac nfmdkf tlf robltjuh dwgfrs dj tlf hagc
agc amtodg wduhc lavf td nf ta`fg td magmfh tlf bragt kacf og javdur dj tlf
]agbla. Slf Iucbfkfgt dj Covosodg Nfgml dj tlf Lobl Mdurt lac gdt nffg
costurnfc ny tlos Mdurt og ]HU agc tlf Kogostfr, ^fvfguf, Bdvfrgkfgt dj
@argata`a, mduhc gdt lavf ta`fg a vofw tlat dg tlf mdgjorkatodg dj tlf
dmmupagmy roblts dj tlf Ogakcars, tlf bragt dj tlf hagc kacf og javdur dj tlf
]agbla was hoanhf td nf magmfhhfc.
F IAzb @ IA V IzbzbiV Mi r J UZb cbAoo oAo Az BSZz.A Ogak os a bragt ny Bdvfrgkfgt jdr tlf pfrsdgah nfgfjot dj ag ogcovocuah dr
ogcovocuahs dr jdr rfhobodus, mlarotanhf dr dtlfr purpdsfs, dr jdr sfrvomf
rfgcfrfc td tlf ]tatf dr td a Zohhabf mdkkugoty. Hagcs sd bragtfc arf lfhc
jrff dj assfsskfgt, dr sunifmt td a Idco (hoblt assfsskfgt) dr quot-rfgt.
Ammdrcogb td tlf Hagc ^fvfguf Mdcf tlf tfrk "ogak" dr "ahofgatodg dj hagc"
kfags tlf assobgkfgt, og javdur dj ag ogcovocuah dr ogcovocuahs dr dj a
rfhobodus dr a mlarotanhf ogstotutodg, wldhhy dr partoahhy, dj tlf roblt dj
Bdvfrgkfgt td hfvy hagc rfvfguf.
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Uabf ==dj 63
Fz Mz Fo UAoAo V bu Fb AooAVz wV oAooAoz MVV qZz9-]ro Kugoyfhhappa vs N.K. @roslgakurtly Agc Drs. AO^ 1?22 @agt 1=2,
OH^ 1?22 @A^ 255, 1?22 (1) @arHI =
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Uabf =3dj 63
ossufc. Slf hfboshatodg was ugcfrta`fg as a part dj abraroag rfjdrk wloml tlf
Kysdrf ]tatf Hfboshaturf prdpdsfc td nrogb andut og tlf ]tatf. Slfrfjdrf, tlf
okpubgfc Amt os a haw prdvocogb jdr tlf amquosotodg ny tlf ]tatf dj agy fstatf
dr dj agy roblts tlfrfog dr jdr tlf fxtogbuoslkfgt dr kdcojomatodg dj suml
roblts as mdgtfkphatfc ny Art. =1A agc lfgmf, tlf okpubgfc Amt os prdtfmtfc
jrdk attam` og agy mdurt dg tlf brdugc tlat ot mdgtravfgfs Art. =1(>).
Og ]tatf dj Laryaga agc dtlfrs v. K.U. Kdlha P(>552) 1 ]MM 362[ Mdurt
las lfhc9 Slf cosputf nftwffg tlf partofs las td nf cfmocfc og ammdrcagmf
wotl haw. Rlat, ldwfvfr, maggdt nf cfgofc dr cosputfc os tlat a cosputfnftwffg tlf partofs dgmf aciucomatfc kust rfaml ots hdbomah mdgmhusodg.
Slf haw dg tlf sunifmt os mhfarhy haoc cdwg og Slf Juhh Nfgml dj @argata`a
Lobl Mdurt og ]^O ^AGBAMLA^ v. ]SASF DJ K_]D^F, 1?::(1) Kys.HI.
:66,wloml os jurtlfr qudtfc og Iucbfkfgt dj Cdccakka vs Kugoyakka OH^
>556 @A^ 6:< ny Iustomf Z.B. ]anlalot ]fmtodg = dj tlf Ogaks Andhotodg
Amt fgukfratfs tlf mdgsfqufgmfs dj vfstogb dj ag Ogak og tlf ]tatf djpunhomatodg dj a gdtojomatodg ugcfr ]un-sfmtodg(3) dj ]fmtodg 1 dj tlf Amt og
tlf Kysdrf Bazfttf. Ahh roblts, tothf agc ogtfrfst vfstfc og tlf Ogakcar mfasf
agc stagc vfstfc ansdhutfhy og tlf ]tatf Bdvfrgkfgt, jrff jrdk ahh
fgmuknragmfs.. ]fmtodgs 3 agc 6 rfspfmtovfhy mdgjfr roblts dg tlf
@acok tfgagts agc pfrkagfgt tfgagts td nf rfbostfrfc as dmmupagts.
]fmtodgs 2 agc < prdvocf jdr tlf rfmdbgotodg dj tlf roblts dj ldhcfrs dj kogdr
ogaks agc jdr tlfor rfbostratodg. ]fmtodg ? spfmojofs tlf `ogcs dj hagcs agc
nuohcogbs td wloml tlf ogakcar os fgtothfc td nf rfbostfrfc as dmmupagt.
]fmtodg ?A mdgjfrs ag ocfgtomah roblt dg tlf tfgagts dj tlf ogakcar dtlfr tlag
tlf tfgagts fgtothfc td nf rfbostfrfc as dmmupagts ugcfr ]fmtodgs 3, 6 agc : dj
tlf Amt. ]fmtodg 15 cfahs wotl tlf cftfrkogatodg dj mhaoks ugcfr ]fmtodgs
3,6,:,2,556 @A^ 6:
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Uabf =6dj 63
roblts dj tlf tfgagts arf mdgmfrgfc, tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf @argata`a Hagc
^fjdrks Amt arf sokohar td tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf Ogaks Andhotodg Amt tldubl
tlf prdvosodgs kay gdt nf sokohar og rfspfmt dj tlf dwgfrs dj tlf hagcs ugcfr
@argata`a Hagc ^fjdrks Amt agc Ogak ldhcfrs agc ogakcars ugcfr tlf
Ogaks Andhotodg Amt. Ldwfvfr, sd jar as tlf tfgagts arf mdgmfrgfc, tlf fjjfmt
dj tlf andvf saoc prdmffcogbs os tlat jrdk tlf appdogtfc catf, tlf
rfhatodgslop dj tlf hagchdrc agc tfgagt mfasfs agc tlf prdpfrty vfsts wotl
tlf Bdvfrgkfgt agc tlf tfgagt os fgtothfc td mdgjfrkfgt dj dmmupagmy roblt
as pfr tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf Ogaks Andhotodg Amt.
>3. v] v V cb v9-AU =1-1>-1?1-11-1?
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Uabf =:dj 63
tlf hagc agc dublt td lavf lfhc tlat tlf appfhhagts wfrf muhtovatogb tlf hagc.
Og accotodg, tlf hagc og qufstodg was sldwg gdt td nf muhtovatfc ny tlf
rfspdgcfgt as tlf rfspdgcfgt was rfsocogb gdwlfrf tlf hagc nut at a jar
away phamf agc tlat tlf hagc was gdt muhtovatfc pfrsdgahhy ny tlf dwgfr agc
tlf pfrsdgs muhtovatogb tlf hagc wfrf gdt kfknfrs dj tlfor jakohy gdr tlfrf
was agy fvocfgmf tlat tlf appfhhagts wfrf sfrvagts dr lorfc handurfrs dg
wabfs agc dublt td lavf dg tlat nasos lfhc tlf appfhhagts as cffkfc tfgagt
og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc. Slf prfsukptodg arosogb ugcfr ]fmtodg 1== dj tlf Amt
og rfspfmt dj tlf fgtrofs kacf og tlf rfmdrc dj roblts stddc cosphamfc ny tlf
jogcogb dj jamt rfmdrcfc tlat tlf appfhhagts wfrf og amtuah pdssfssodg dj tlf
hagc agc wfrf muhtovatogb tlf sakf. Og tlf jamf dj suml ag ackossodg kacf ny
tlf rfspdgcfgt ot os cojjomuht td ammfpt tlf jogcogb rfmdrcfc ny tlf appfhhatf
autldroty as ajjorkfc ny tlf Lobl Mdurt tlat og vofw dj tlf fgtrofs kacf og
tlf rfmdrc dj roblts tlf appfhhagts mduhc gdt nf statfc td nf og pdssfssodg dj
tlf hagc dg tlf rfhfvagt catf gdr was muhtovatogb tlf sakf.
>6. vAo V Aoob bcv rU0 Mxv q C Aoob z9- z Fz IAz vb, UAzAo F] z^,
FbV U iv bQ IAAv Fb Izbzbb o, v
CVAo KUU. MjV Aoob qb V
AYAovb U v V cb z UzbZz.
z F IAz bcv rz Izbzbb q CZbvzIAz vb J UUAq AooAVz w MA o AooAoz
VU vbZz.
]VU^FKF MDV^S OG GA^A]AKKA Z] ]SASF DJ @A^GASA@A (>55?)
Sa`ogb ogtd mdgsocfratodg tlf jogcogbs dj jamt dg tlf qufstodg dj pdssfssodg
arrovfc at ny tlf Lobl Mdurt as wfhh as tlf Hagc Sronugah tlat tlf appfhhagts
wfrf og muhtovatdry pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc og cosputf agc mdgsocfrogb tlf
ackossodg kacf ny tlf hagchdrc/rfspdgcfgt og farhofr rfmdvfry prdmffcogbs
rfhatogb td arrfars dj rfgt tlat tlf appfhhagts wfrf tfgagts og rfspfmt dj tlf
hagc og cosputf agc mdgsocfrogb tlf jamt tlat dg tlf rfhfvagt catf dj mdkogb
ogtd jdrmf dj tlf Amt, voz., dg 1st dj Karml, 1?23, tlf appfhhagts wfrf og
pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc og cosputf, ot os mdgmhusovfhy fstanhoslfc tlf appfhhagts
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Uabf =2dj 63
wfrf tfgagts og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf agc tlf fgtrofs og tlf ^fmdrc dj
^oblts mhfarhy sldw tlat tlf appfhhagts wfrf og mdgtogudus pdssfssodg dj tlf
hagc og cosputf agc tlf gaturf dj muhtovatodg was butla (rfgt) agc jurtlfr, og
tlf ansfgmf dj agy katfroah prdcumfc ny tlf rfspdgcfgt td sldw tlat og jamt
tlf appfhhagts wfrf gdt tfgagts og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf, tlf
appfhhagts lac amquorfc dmmupagmy roblt og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf.
.. Slf dgus was dg tlf rfspdgcfgt td sldw ny prdcumogb katfroah tlat
tlf appfhhagts lac gdt amquorfc agy status dj dmmupagmy roblt ahtldubl tlfy
wfrf jdugc td nf og mdgtogudus pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc og cosputf. ]ogmf tlf
rfspdgcfgt lac jaohfc td prdcumf agy katfroah dr cdmukfgt td prdvf tlat tlf
appfhhagts lac gdt amquorfc agy status og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf agc
lac jaohfc td sldw tlat tlf fgtrofs og tlf ^fmdrc dj ^oblts wfrf wrdgb, tlfrf
os gd brdugc td rfifmt tlf mhaok dj tlf appfhhagts jdr mdgjfrrogb status dj
dmmupagmy roblt ldhcfr og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf. Slf fgtrofs
og tlf rfvfguf rfmdrc maggdt mrfatf agy tothf og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf,
nut ot mfrtaoghy rfjhfmts as td wld was og pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc og cosputf dg
tlf catf tlf gakf dj tlat pfrsdg lac nffg fgtfrfc og tlf rfvfguf rfmdrc.
. Slf gakf dj tlf appfhhagts slduhc nf rfbostfrfc as ag dmmupagmy
roblt ldhcfr og rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf. Ammdrcogbhy, tlf apphomatodg dj
tlf appfhhagts jdr rfmdrcogb tlfor gakfs as dmmupagmy roblt ldhcfrs og
rfspfmt dj tlf hagc og cosputf slahh stagc ahhdwfc.
Iustomf B B Nlat og Slugba Nao Agc Drs. vs Zoslaha`slo Lfbbactlo Agc
Agr. OH^ 1?26 @A^ 2=?, 1?23 (>) @arHI 3-15-1?:6. Slf
dnifmt dj tlf saoc Amt, ogtfr ahoa, os td tfrkogatf tlf rfhatodgslop dj hagchdrc
agc tfgagt agc td mdgjfr dwgfrslop roblts dg tlf tfgagts. Hagchdrcs arf
prdlonotfc jrdk fvomtogb tlfor tfgagts. ]fmtodg 13 dj tlf Amt pfrkottfc
rfsukptodg sunifmt td tlf tfrks agc mdgcotodgs haoc cdwg tlfrfog. ]fmtodg 13
las gdw nffg cfhftfc ny tlf @argata`a Akfgckfgt Amt Gd. 1 dj 1?23.
]fmtodg >6 prdvocfs jdr surrfgcfr dj hagcs lfhc ny a tfgagt. Slf saoc sfmtodg,
nfjdrf ot was akfgcfc ny @argata`a Akfgckfgt Amt Gd. 1 dj 1?23 rfac
tlus9 ">6 ]urrfgcfr dj hagc ny tfgagt9-- (1) Gd tfgagt slahh surrfgcfr agy
hagc lfhc ny lok as suml, agc gd hagchdrc slahh fgtfr updg tlf hagc
surrfgcfrfc ny tlf tfgagt, wotldut tlf prfvodus pfrkossodg og wrotogb dj tlf
mdurt.(>) Ufrkossodg ugcfr ]un-sfmtodg (1) slahh nf bragtfc oj, ajtfr ka`ogb
suml ogquory as kay nf prfsmronfc, tlf mdurt os satosjofc tlat tlf prdpdsfc
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Uabf =
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Uabf =?dj 63
dj hagchdrc agc tfgagt. Cfhovfry dj pdssfssodg ny tlf tfgagt td tlf hagchdrc
agc los ammfptagmf dj pdssfssodg arf fssfgtoah td fjjfmt tlf surrfgcfr. Rlfrf
ot was gdt prdvfc tlat tlf tfgagt lac cfhovfrfc pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc
gdtwotlstagcogb bragt dj pfrkossodg td surrfgcfr, nut was jdugc td nf og
pdssfssodg fvfg ajtfr tlf bragt dj pfrkossodg td surrfgcfr, lfhc tlat lf
mdgtogufc td nf a tfgagt agc was fgtothfc td bragt dj dmmupagmy roblt".
Iustomf Kdlag ]lagtagabducar, Zasagtla Gagasalfn Uawar Agc Drs. vs
Uoraio Uagcu Uatoh OH^ >55: @A^ >5:1, >55: (=) @arHI 12>Og suppdrt dj
los masf, tlf tfgagt las fxakogfc twd ogcfpfgcfgt gfoblndurogb wotgfssfs
apart jrdk fxakogogb loksfhj. Ndtl tlf saoc wotgfssfs lavf cfpdsfc og
matfbdromah tfrks tlat 1st rfspdgcfgt lfrfog os muhtovatogb tlf prdpfrty og
qufstodg as tfgagt. Sldubl tlfy arf mrdss-fxakogfc ny tlf hagchdrcs,
gdtlogb wdrtl os fhomotfc og tlfor mrdss-fxakogatodg sd as td cosmarc tlfor
fvocfgmf, Slus, tlf fvocfgmf dj tlf gfoblndurogb wotgfssfs juhhy suppdrts tlf
masf dj tlf tfgagt 1st rfspdgcfgt lfrfog. .. Kfrfhy
nfmausf tlf rfvfguf fgtrofs stagc og tlf gakf dj tlf pftotodgfrs wduhc gdt
kfag tlat tlfrf os gd rfhatodgslop dj hagchdrcs agc tfgagt nftwffg tlf
partofs. Slf rfvfguf fgtrofs cd gdt ta`f away tlf fstanhoslfc masf dj tlf 1Wst
rfspdgcfgt Slf prfsukptodg arosogb dut dj tlf rfvfguf rfmdrcs stagc
rfnuttfc og vofw dj mdgsostfgt, mdbfgt agc mhogmlogb fvocfgmf rfhatogb td tlf
1st rfspdgcfgt's pdssfssodg dvfr tlf prdpfrty og qufstodg as a
tfgagt.. Gd gfoblndurogb hagc ldhcfrs arf fxakogfc ny tlf hagc
hdrcs dg tlfor nflahj. Slf saoc ackossodgs ny NR-1 wduhc akphy ka`f ot
mhfar tlat tlfy arf ansfgtff hagc dwgfrs agc tlat tlfy lavf gfvfr muhtovatfc
tlf hagc Og qufstodg.
Iustomf L Garayag, Lagukagtlappa Bdgappa Sahwar vs Slf ]pfmoah
Cfputy Mdkkossodgfr 1??< (1) @arHI :
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Uabf 35dj 63
>:. V U bcv r o AooAoz CAo UAoV v Mzb v9-A Aob U b v
1 bAV b1. zi c ob 65-66VAz V orUAq Abv.
>. MzU AY vAzAobzbb V orUAq bwzb.
=. zV vAz Ao iVb Uh c V oqwzb.Aob wiz Avb MbVz AvbAoiV bUh c V orUAqAbv.
3.Aob VUzz Vz AooqwzziAz cV MiVqZv.
6. Ab 1= bAo UgUAq oqwz.
:. zi c zAob Uz VAzbcIAb > IUb 16 VAk ..... Voqwzb.
2. Ao v AUh Fb zi
AiAo UgUAq oqwzb.
. Ib Av Voqwzb v MiV UbUqwb Iz .
Izbzbb v gIzbzbb YUi FAzbbAz,Mb AooiV c bUrb IAz ow bAovb N. tAo 1?:
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Uabf 31dj 63
=. Ao v AvbAo
Ib zz U oqvc B oqwzb Iz.
3. 1?: VAzbc Ao1. J c JV vvUAzob . ob =5-35 VAz Ab1= b UgUAq V oqwz.
=. 1?:. Ibq wAoozAvbAob zzz oqwzb Iz i. ziIbq w wi Zz Mb AvbVz Vbc IAb z
oqwzb Iz i.
=. zi Vbc biV vb bbvU sv qwzb Iz v. vAzAvbAoiV Fzqwzb Iz i.3. zi AvbAob zorUAq Ab 1= bVAo oqwzb Iz .
V Vtzbb IA MAzAoU AziAowz. Czbg V Aooz
YUi or IA V Zz.
Izbzbb YUi FzbbCZzb IA V vwAob Ao.
Czb V Vtzbb M IAVAo zi Izbzbb gzg Fbvz. Czb IAoIzbzbb z^ v V
z^Ao J UZ MAVVU b rb.
1. 1?:. szbu UAo fiAoozAUAz VtzbbbUbz IA AzzbMzU U QAo Urzb Mz BAoZUAqzi z vVAoZz IAbu F.
=. UhU s UAzAo UAo UA1>< v 1>? Mi tz wzr oqZz IAV Izbzbb z M
b M.
3. zAoz UVbiV vUv qz gKUvb. vU vqzb YUi F cCzAoz qwz jzbUzZ ib qZz IAMA bv v Vtzb
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Uabf 3>dj 63
IAz Fzb Mjbz CU
YbZbvz.
QAo U v AVKU v MAVbUbu UZzAzUiAooZz FbziAzQAo owAo KzzMAZbvz.
= aU wU Bb h UA Ao1. vN oiV zi coq IAb rzb.
>. z Ao Mz V iV obqwzb.
=. cV bAziAz Vtqz bv.
3. gAz Ao UorUAq Abv.
g 1. AvbAo Aooz AzszbAV, Ao, AUh (Ub) k
Czsbz rb IAz iAo.
bU rzb IAzQ zb Uq gFz MV vAvbAo rb IAzov Izbzbb vb.
QAo U v AVKU v MAV
bUbu UZzAzUiAooZz FbziAzQAo ovAo KzzMAZbvz.
3 VAVbAVAo b1. JV z Ao b w aUwUv bAV IAb Voqwbvb.
>. Ao wiUAq ob vVZ.
=. bAV v Aob VwU AzZAz Mb Voqwbvb.3. wU iwAo J cVbAVb vAz Aob vAzAUhb vAz V oqwzb.
6. J cV AUAqAv FbUVz cbv, V
QAo U v AVKU v MAVbUbu UZzAzUiAooZz FbziAzQAo owAo KzzMAZbvz.
v c czbb
QAooZz Q AobMVAo V a vUiMA v gIzbzbb bUqb.
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Uabf 3=dj 63
oqwb c cz c sVzbv.
:. w AvbAo b UgAV qwzb.
2. cz c Ao MzVbAV, Ao v AUh bz Ao MzVAvbAoiV Uqwzb. MzbAz Mb vAzAoiV Uqwzb.
g9-1. bAV AUh v Aob vAzob >6 V Az wzbAz iFbv.
>. zi c AvbAo MAvbMb w V v Mb UV oqwzb IAz iAo.
>2. wV UAo Mb MvvAo qUAo vb wVU LjvAz vb UV b9-A UV b Aoo v bvz1 U.Y. Vbc AvbAo
1. vv Aob UvAzzFb VU zAozz rwzb v zUAAzh c Ab 1=, 6-16VAk v Ab 1?> b >-51 VAkV oqwzb.
>. J zAoz YUi orzUqZb vU ijb IUkU >> bAv VbwZz.
=. vvbz Aob .A.
1= b 6-16 VAk .A. 1?> b >-51VAk V oqwzbAzUz^V cb rbv. JVwz zi z^V cbrb.
3. IQk Cb-> :
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Uabf 33dj 63
6. Czb tAo bV vZ V
QViAz z vz Avb MzirZz. J Ao buAz bv.
:. zi vZ tAo zbV V BsVUiVb AzM Qb.
2. s Cz Mz fVzUz Ugb t Fz. CAo t V Vw v AoFAV Mv or. 1??3 b JZbAo UgUArbv.
55. vvb Uz Aooqwzb IA V zUV FAoIA V z^wV Fb IAz MAoZbvz. J Azsz zUV
Fb IAziAz zUV cb r.
Mz Aoo iwAo vVbvbIA bu F.
t z vV M QIAz Kvb.
v UAo v c1??3 b UgUArbIvb. C iwAo qU k CVvz Iz bAovb.
Ao b w IAz MbUAo YbU MUzqUAo vibvb.
UvAz k IAzIzbzbb Kvb.
KkbAooZ QAob UAozgAo MUvAz Urz,v UV g fV v Fb. vUAo Ibq vzvb.
>6-56->511 b AU 5:-5:->55< wAo
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Uabf 36dj 63
g U.Y.
Vbcbb bAv
eeUAoz vz Ubb
KAz
orUgzAz
Zbvz. zi
c Z
qz UZbv N
Fz UAoz Ubb
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orbz IA
Ao orzZbvz.
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zZb
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b Cqb k Ub
dUiV
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wV
v. v
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orUArbz
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b qzbZzb
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> AU >>-52->511 bg U.Y.
Vbc bb
UAoAv ee Ubq
bAo z
AV IA
(UiU MAVr)
qwzAz
Zbvz.
U U
kh
AvbAo v
bzbb
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k UvAz
vUb IAz
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wAo b qzbZzbIAz vVvz.Fb UzbAUVAoVzzAzbcvVvz.
= AU 13-5=->511 bv ^Ybu
otvz =
hz U.Y. Vbc
bb Vvb. ee
Ab 1= b Vz Ub v U,
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Z VYivz.Fb UzbAUVAoVzzAzbcvVvz.
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Uabf 3:dj 63
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6 56-56-1?
8/3/2019 Written Arguments Filed in Case of Religious and Charitable Inam Land
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Uabf 32dj 63
v]Ui b b vAo V bcv rvz
2 Cb.Cb.g 15/
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Uabf 3 UhU BYAooAoz
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Uabf 3?dj 63
?2=/1??< b Czz
z^V1:3:/>553 b Czz
z^V
vbb v b UAzzb U UAzAo MUiV fvv b fvAo >IzbzbbAV Z Q QAoBAoZbz U b IAzIzbzbb qUAo Iw viz. >Izbzbb QAoAo fVbvz
1? UhU BYAooAozU A. ik A. 12=:6/>552
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tAooZbvz. Mzb AvbAo IA MUb b
bbz v tz v v
btV vz Mzb sciAo Ut bvz.
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Uabf 65dj 63
zw bZbz Utbvz.
=
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1?23-26 iAz 1?26-2: AvbAo IAb 1?2:-22 Az AvbAo IAz
zVvz, Fz UAzAo F]Aoo b Uq
Fbz vVvz.
3 Fvb z^VKkb
Fvb Aooz z^wV Izbzbb b v
wAob bzbb IAz vb.
1?: Izbzbbv b tAo Aooz k MAZUbz Czz 1?21-2> Az wzzbAV zUArbz UAzAo F] fvZbz hU Vvz. J V U @ vzMzb V o AooAoV @ bv IAz vb J UUAqU MAV o AooAoz VU vbZz.@argata`a Hagc ^fvfguf Amt ]fmtodg 1>< (3) 9 Amquosotodg dj roblts td nf
rfpdrtfc9 3. Gd cdmukfgt ny vortuf dj wloml agy pfrsdg amquorfs a roblt og
agy hagc as ldhcfr, dmmupagt, dwgfr, kdrtbabf, hagchdrc dr tfgagt dr
assobgff dj tlf rfgt dr rfvfguf tlfrfugcfr, slahh nf rfbostfrfc ugcfr tlf
Ogcoag ^fbostratodg Amt, 1?5< ughfss tlf pfrsdg hoanhf td pay tlf rfbostfrogbautldroty suml jffs as kay nf prfsmronfc jdr ka`ogb tlf gfmfssary fgtrofs og
tlf rfmdrc dj roblts agc rfbostfrs rfjfrrfc td og ]fmtodg 1>?0 agc, dg tlf
rfbostratodg dj suml a cdmukfgt, tlf rfbostfrogb autldroty slahh ka`f a rfpdrt
dj tlf roblt td tlf prfsmronfc djjomfr.
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Uabf 61dj 63
]fmtodg 1>? (>) Rlfgfvfr a prfsmronfc djjomfr ka`fs as fgtry og tlf ^fbostfr
dj Kutatodgs, lf slahh at tlf sakf tokf pdst up a mdkphftf mdpy dj tlf fgtry
og a mdgspomudus phamf og tlf mlavaco agc slahh bovf wrottfg ogtokatodg td ahh
pfrsdgs appfarogb jrdk tlf ^fmdrc dj ^oblts dr ^fbostfr dj Kutatodgs td nf
ogtfrfstfc og tlf kutatodg, agc td agy dtlfr pfrsdg wldk lf las rfasdg td
nfhofvf td nf ogtfrfstfc tlfrfog.
]fmtodg 1>? (:) Fgtrofs og tlf ^fbostfr dj Kutatodgs slahh nf tfstfc agc oj
jdugc mdrrfmt dr ajtfr mdrrfmtodg, as tlf masf kay nf, slahh nf mfrtojofc ny
suml djjomfr as kay nf prfsmronfc.
]fmtodg 1>? (2) Slf tragsjfr dj fgtrofs jrdk tlf ^fbostfr dj Kutatodgs td tlf
^fmdrc dj ^oblts slahh nf fjjfmtfc og tlf prfsmronfc kaggfr, prdvocfc tlat
agy fgtry og tlf ^fbostfr dj Kutatodgs slahh gdt nf tragsjfrrfc td tlf ^fmdrc
dj ^oblts ugtoh suml fgtry las nffg cuhy mfrtojofc.
Iustomf ^ Idos, Iustomf ^aka`roslga og ]rokagkalaraia Goragiaga ]ro
Kurublaraifgcra Nrulag Kutt dj Mlotracurba vs Cfputy Mdkkossodgfr
OH^ 1?2 dj tlf Amt, tlf rfmdrc dj roblts sd prfparfc agc mdkphftfc og
rfspfmt dj agy vohhabf os rfquorfc td nf punhoslfc og tlf Djjomoah Bazfttf og
suml kaggfr as kay nf prfsmronfc. Og dtlfr wdrcs, tlos prdvosodg rfhatfs td
tlf prfparatodg dj rfmdrc dj roblts og tlf jorst ogstagmf ugcfr tlf prdvosodgs
dj tlf Amt. ]fmtodg 1>< dj tlf Amt prdvocfs jdr rfpdrtogb dj tlf amquosotodg dj
roblts og rfspfmt dj hagcs mdvfrfc ny tlf prdvosodgs dj tlf Amt. Slfrfjdrf,
wlfgfvfr agy pfrsdg amquorfs tlf roblt td agy hagcfc prdpfrty jdr wloml tlf
Amt apphofs jrdk ots drobogah dwgfr ny hfasf, kdrtbabf, bojt, purmlasf ftm., tlf
saoc ]fmtodg prdvocfs jdr rfpdrtogb dj suml amquosotodg dj roblts agc jdr
rfmfovogb ot ny tlf autldroty spfmojofc dg paykfgt dj prfsmronfc jff. ]fmtodg
1>? prfsmronfs tlf prdmfcurf jdr rfbostratodg dj kutatodgs rfpdrtfc ugcfr
]fmtodg 1>? dj tlf Amt prdvocfs jdr ka`ogb ag
fgtry og tlf rfbostfr dj kutatodgs dj fvfry rfpdrt kacf td lok ugcfr tlf
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Uabf 6>dj 63
prdvosodgs dj ]fmtodg 1>< dj tlf Amt. ]un-sfmtodg (>) dj ]fmtodg 1>? dj tlf Amt
prdvocfs jdr punhomatodg dj a mdpy dj tlf fgtry sd kacf as ahsd jdr bovogb
wrottfg ogtokatodg td ahh pfrsdgs ogtfrfstfc, as cosmhdsfc og tlf rfvfguf
rfmdrcs. Oj tlfrf wfrf td nf agy dnifmtodgs,, ]un-sfmtodg (=) rfquorfs tlf
prfsmronfc djjomfr td fgtfr tlf partomuhars dj tlf dnifmtodg og tlf rfbostfr dj
cosputfc masfs. ]un-sfmtodg (3) dj ]fmtodg 1>? dj tlf Amt fkpdwfrs tlf
prfsmronfc autldroty td cfmocf tlf cosputfs jdhhdwogb tlf prdmfcurf as
prfsmronfc ugcfr ]un sfmtodg (6). ]unsfmtodg (:) dj ]fmtodg 1>? dj tlf Amt
prdvocfs jdr ka`ogb ag fgtry agc mfrtojyogb tlf fgtry rfhatogb td kutatodgs og
ammdrcagmf wotl tlf drcfr kacf ajtfr suml ogquory. ]un-sfmtodg (2) dj ]fmtodg
1>? prdvocfs jdr tragsjfr dj mfrtojofc fgtrofs kacf og tlf rfbostfr dj
kutatodgs td tlf rfmdrc dj roblts. ]fmtodg 1=6 dj tlf Amt nars tlf iuroscomtodg
dj tlf Movoh Mdurts og rfspfmt dj ag drcfr kacf ugcfr agy dj tlf prdvosodgs dj
tlf Mlaptfr abaogst tlf Bdvfrgkfgt. Slf prdvosd ugcfr tlf saoc prdvosodg,
ldwfvfr, prdvocfs tlat a pfrsdg abbrofvfc ny agy fgtry kacf og agy rfmdrc
dr rfbostfr kay ogstotutf a suot abaogst agy pfrsdg cfgyogb dr ogtfrfstfc og
cfgyogb los tothf td suml roblt agc ahsd prdvocfs tlat tlf fgtrofs og tlf rfmdrcdj roblt slahh nf akfgcfc og ammdrcagmf wotl agy cfmharatodg bragtfc ny tlf
Movoh Mdurt.
Iustomf L.Z.B. ^akfsl, og Kalacfvappa Agc Drs. vs ]tatf Dj @argata`a
OH^ >55< @A^ 1265Ot os lobl tokf td ogtokatf tlf ^fvfguf Cfpartkfgt agc
tlf mdgmfrgfc Cfpartkfgt td kftomuhdushy jdhhdw tlf prdmfcurf as prdvocfc
ugcfr ]fmtodg 1>< & 1>? dj tlf @argata`a Hagc ^fvfguf Amt agc ahsd ot
slduhc nf kacf kagcatdry as a kattfr dj rfspdgsonohoty dg tlf part dj tlf
Bdvfrgkfgt td savf tlf punhom jrdk tlf prfmarodus sotuatodg agc ahsd tlfrf
slahh nf tokfhy amtodg ny tlf rfvfguf autldrotofs wotldut tlfrf nfogb agy
cfhay dg tlfor part og ka`ogb fgtrofs og tlf kutatodg rfbostfr agc dtlfr
rfbostfrs og tlf rfvfguf djjomf agc og tlf Mdrpdratodg/Kugomopahoty og moty
hokots td avdoc juturf mdkphomatodgs. . Bdvfrgkfgt Uhfacfr td
mdkkugomatf tlos drcfr td tlf Bdvfrgkfgt agc tlf Bdvfrgkfgt og turg slahh
corfmt ]fmrftary td ^fvfguf Cfpartkfgt td mormuhatf tlos drcfr og tlf
cfpartkfgt td jdhhdw tlf prdmfcurf as prdvocfc ugcfr ]fmtodg 1>< & 1>? dj
tlf Hagc ^fvfguf Amt jdr cuf mdkphoagmf agc ta`ogb jdhhdw up amtodg. Jdr
suml gdg-mdkphoagmf ny tlf mdgmfrgfc ^fvfguf Autldrotofs, tlf Cfpartkfgt
slahh prfsmronf sdkf gdrks td ogotoatf amtodg.
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Uabf 6=dj 63
Nlokappa Mlaggappa @apaho ... vs Nlokappa ]atyappa @akabduca OH^
>55> @A^ =566, >55= (>) @arHI 13< agc 1>? dj tlf Hagc ^fvfguf Amt las gdt nffg
jdhhdwfc, as suml gd prfsukptodg wduhc arosf ugcfr ]fmtodg 1== dj tlf saoc
Amt Agy pfrsdg wld cdfs gdt hawjuhhy fgtfr dg tlf hagc dj agdtlfr agc
muhtovatf tlf sakf maggdt mhaok tlf status dj a cffkfc tfgagt ugcfr ]fmtodg
3 dj tlf Amt. Sldubl, og tlf masf dj Calya Haha, supra, tlf Ldg'nhf ]uprfkf
Mdurt lfhc ot os gdt tlf mdgcotodg tlat tlf apphomagt kust muhtovatf hagc wotl
tlf mdgsfgt dr ugcfr tlf autldroty cfrovfc corfmthy jrdk tlf dwgfr, td
okpdrt suml a mdgcotodg os td rfwrotf tlf sfmtodg, agc cfstrdy ots pramtomah
utohoty, a pfrsdg wld cfrovfs los roblt td muhtovatf hagc jrdk tlf dwgfrs
wduhc gdrkahhy nf a mdgtramtuah tfgagt agc lf wohh dnvodushy gdt nf a"cffkfc tfgagt". Ufrsdgs suml as homfgsffs jrdk tlf dwgfr kay mfrtaoghy nf
rfbarcfc as jahhogb wotlog tlf mhass dj pfrsdgs hawjuhhy muhtovatogb tlf hagc
nfhdgbogb td dtlfrs, nut ot maggdt nf assukfc tlfrfjrdk tlat tlfy arf tlf
dghy pfrsdgs wld arf mdvfrfc ny tlf sfmtodg. A tfgagt hawjuhhy ogcumtfc ny a
kdrtbabff slahh dg rfcfkptodg dj tlf kdrtbabf nf cffkfc td nf a tfgagt
ugcfr tlf kdrtbabdr."Hawjuhhy muhtovatogb" kust lavf sdkf jdugcatodg og a
hfbah roblt td muhtovatf tlf prdpfrty. Hawjuh muhtovatodg maggdt Nf fstanhoslfc
wotldut mdgmdkotagt fxostfgmf dj a hawjuh rfhatodgslop. Hawjuh muhtovatodg
kust lavf drobog og a hfbah roblt td muhtovatf tlf prdpfrty. Og tlf ansfgmf dj
agy suml roblt td muhtovatf, ot maggdt nf saoc tlat kfrfhy nfmausf a pfrsdg os
muhtovatogb tlf hagc lf os lfhc td nf og hawjuh muhtovatodg. A pfrsdg wld
muhtovatfs tlf hagc abaogst tlf woslfs dj tlf dwgfr maggdt nf saoc td nf og
hawjuh muhtovatodg. Kfrfhy nfmausf gd amtodg os ta`fg abaogst lok agc lf las
mdgtogufc td muhtovatf jdr a mdgsocfranhf pfrodc dj tokf wduhc gdt ka`f los
muhtovatodg hawjuh. Slf fssfgmf dj hawjuh muhtovatodg os tlat dgf slduhc fgtfr
pdssfssodg dj tlf hagc ugcfr sdkf mdhdur dj roblt agc muhtovatf tlf hagc as a
kattfr dj roblt, dtlfrwosf ot maggdt nf saoc tlat lf os og hawjuh muhtovatodg dj
tlf hagc og qufstodg. Slfrfjdrf, og tlf ansfgmf dj agy hfbah roblt a pfrsdg
wld os muhtovatogb tlf hagc maggdt mhaok a status dj cffkfc tfgagt ugcfr
]fmtodg 3 dj tlf Amt.
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Og Iayakka v. Karoa Nao Cfac ny prdpdsfc H.^s. agc Agdtlfr P(>553) 2 ]MM
36?[, tlos Mdurt las lfhc tlat wlfg ag assobgkfgt dr tragsjfr os kacf og
mdgtravfgtodg dj statutdry prdvosodgs, tlf mdgsfqufgmf wlfrfdj wduhc nf
tlat tlf sakf os ogvahoc agc tlus dppdsfc td punhom pdhomy.
F Fzbb (Ibq Izbzbb) VzbiAz qAowzz Mz
U MAzb UAzAo/Vt bz Mz V s Iz V
AooZbvz.
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rbziAz zi Ab 1= b c Ao
bzbbz aUwU Bbs h v Fvbb > IUb 16 VAkAo,
bAViV 1 IUb >5 VAk Ao Acb orUq UbZz.
AU9
0 vUb ( 1 v =(I),(),() b Qb)
.9- J z vzAV J BSb k V wV >:: hVvU gAoAV Vwz. IzbzbiV J Sv zz w v k gAoqZbvz