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www.fakengineer.com1 nanometer (nm) = 10 hydrogen atoms side-by-side
Meaning of “nano”:One billionth (10x-9)
Nanometer (nm) = one billionth of a meter
Scientific Terms:A human hair is 10,000 nm wide
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Definition of Nanotechnology? It’s the design , characterization ,
production & applications of structures , devices & systems by controlling shape & size at nanometer scale
In other words it’s the field of applied Science focused on design, formation, identification & application of material &devices on nanoscale
Ability to control, to see, measure & manipulate- matter on atomic & molecular scale to exploit those properties and functions
Ability to integrate those properties into systems spanning from nano to microscopic scales
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Unique properties of nanoscale particles
Chemical reactivity of nanoscale materials is greatly different from more macroscopic form, e.g., gold
Quantum size effects result in unique
mechanical, electronic, photonic, and magnetic properties of nanoscale materials
New chemical forms of common chemical elements, e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes of carbon, titanium oxide, zinc oxide & other layered compounds
Carbon Nanotubes
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• Nanocrystalline materials• Nanoparticles• Nanocapsules• Nanoporous materials• Nanofibers• Nanowires• Fullerenes
• Nanotubes• Nanosprings• Nanobelts• Dendrimers• Molecular electronics• Quantum dots• NEMS, Nanofluidies
Various Nanomaterials & Nanotechnologies
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Examples of Nanostructures
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Nanoarea Electron Diffraction of Carbon
Nanotube Corral of Fe Atoms
NanowiresNanometer crystal
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Nanoporous materials
Zeolite is an old example which has been around a long time and used by petroleum industry as catalysts
The surface area of a solid increases when it becomes nanoporous; this improves catalyst effects, adsorption properties
‘Adsorption’ is like ‘absorption’ except the absorbed material is held near the surface rather than inside
How to make nanopores? -lithography followed by etching -ion beam etching/milling -
electrochemical techniques
- sol-gel techniques
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Advanced fabrication enabling nanotechnology transistors
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Nanotechnology for clean water
Nanomembrane for water purification, desalination & detoxification
Titanium oxide nanoparticles for the catalytic degradation of water pollutants
Reduced voltage & selectivity reduces cost by up to half
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Nanotechnology in health careNanodevices can make gene
sequencing more efficient
Gene gun uses nanoparticles to deliver genetic material to target cells
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Si
Nanomaterials for treating cancer
Gold nanoshells formed by depositing gold on silica particles
In vitro & mice studies showed promising results
Gold
150 nm
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Agricultural productivity enhancement
Nanoporous zeolites for slow release and efficient dosage of water & fertilizers for plants & drugs for livestock
Nanocapsules for herbicide deliveryNanosensors for the detection of pathogens,
for checking soil quality and for plant growth monitoring
Nanomagnets for removal of soil contaminants and remediation
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Food processing and storage
Nanocomposites for plastic film coatings used in food packaging
Antimicrobial nanoemulsions for applications in decontamination of food equipment, packaging or food
Nanotechnology based antigen detecting biosensors for identification of pathogen contamination
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Impact of nanotechnology
Nanotechnology is expected to have a variety of economic, social, environmental & national security impacts. In 2000,the National Science Foundation began working with the National Nanotechnology Initiative(NNI) to address nanotechnology’s possible impacts & to propose ways of minimizing any undesirable consequences.
Finally, nanotechnology can be expected to be involved in better monitoring of peace & inspection agreements. Efforts to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons or to detect the existence of biological & chemical weapons may can be improved with nanotech devices.
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Thank YouThank YouSubmitted by: Sushil Kumar Das Regd. No:0711016053 Sec: ’A’ Branch: ENTC