www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Presentation Outline
• SIMD Background
• SIMD 2009 Methodology
• SIMD 2009 Results
• Where to find more information
• Questions
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
What is the SIMD?• The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation
identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland
• Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived in Scotland
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Where has the SIMD come from?• 2000: England and Wales Indices of Deprivation
Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford
• 2001: Measures of Deprivation for Northern Ireland Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford
• 2003: Scottish Indices of Deprivation 2003 Social Disadvantage Research Centre (SDRC), University of Oxford
– Ward level, domains covering income, employment, health, education and access to services.
• ‘Measuring Deprivation in Scotland : Developing a Long-Term Strategy’ Scottish Centre for Research on Social Justice (SCRSJ)
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Datazones
•Statistical geography•Fixed boundaries over time•Criteria
– Population size– Existing boundaries– Social Homogeneity– Compactness of shape
•6,505 datazones in Scotland•Average population of 750 people
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2004• Work done in house (with some SDRC help)• Datazone geography• 6 aspects of deprivation (domains)
– Income – Employment– Health– Education– Access– Housing
• Data from 2001 and 2002
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2006• Evaluation of Statistical Techniques in the
Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (2005 Dr Alex McConnachie, Dr Chris Weir, Robertson Centre for Biostatistics University of Glasgow)
• 7 domains– New crime domain added
• Public transport times included in access domain as sub-domain
• 37 indicators• Data (mostly) from 2004 and 2005• Published October 2006
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009• Published on 29th October 2009• 7 domains
– Income– Employment– Health– Education– Access– Crime– Housing
• 38 indicators• Data (mostly) from 2007 and 2008
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Employment Deprivation Domain
• Based on benefits data (2008)– Unemployment Claimant Count
• 12 month average– Incapacity Benefit recipients
• Working age– Severe Disablement Allowance
• Working age– Compulsory New Deal Participants
• No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009• Datazone SAPE
– Working age population
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Income Deprivation Domain
• Not measuring income• Based on benefits data (2008 and 2007)
– Income support• adults and children
– Guarantee Pension Credit• adults
– Job Seekers Allowance• adults and children
• 2004 used WFTC and DTC data• 2009 – WTC and CTC (2006 data)• Datazone SAPE
– Total population
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Housing Deprivation Domain• Census data
– No change since SIMD 2004– Persons in households which are
overcrowded– Persons in households without central heating
• Census populations– Total population
• No new indicators identified
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Crime Domain• Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation• ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’
– Crimes of violence– Drug Offences– Domestic Housebreaking– Minor Assault– Vandalism
• Does not include crimes in/near police station• First included in 2006• Total populations – rate per 10,000• Move to financial year for SIMD 2009
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Health Deprivation Domain• Indicators used:
– Standardised Mortality Ratio*– Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use*– Hospital Episodes related to drug use*– Comparative Illness Factor*– Emergency Admissions to Hospital*– Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety,
depression or psychosis– Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight
• *Age – Sex Standardisation• Methodological changes since 2004
– Removal of Shrinkage• Minor changes for 2009• Normalised and combined using factor analysis
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Education Deprivation Domain• Indicators
– School pupil absences– Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4– Working age people with no qualifications– 17-21 year olds enrolling into HE– People ages 16-18 not in full time education,
employment or training
• NEET indicator change for 2009• Populations relevant to indicator• Combined using factor analysis
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Access to Services Domain• Drive Times
– GP– Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004)– Petrol Station– Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004)– Post Office
• Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004)– GP– Shopping Facilities– Post Office
• Population weighted based on COAs• Factor analysis within sub-domains• Methodology and modelling changes (2/3:1/3 weights)
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Creating the index• Exponential Transformation
• Weights based on:– Academic research– Data quality
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Domains and Weightings2004 2006 2009
Domains weight
% of overall weight Domains weight
% of overall weight weight
% of overall weight
Current Income 6 29 Current Income 12 28 12 28
Employment 6 29 Employment 12 28 12 28
Health 3 14 Health 6 14 6 14
Education, Skills and training 3 14
Education, Skills and training 6 14 6 14
Geographic Access and Telecommunications 2
10 Geographic Access:
4 9 4 9
~ Drive times 0.75 0.66
~ Public transport times
0.25 0.33
Housing 1 5 Housing 1 2 1 2
- - - Crime 2 5 2 5
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Creating the index• Exponential Transformation
• Weights based on:– Academic research– Data quality
• Sensitivity analysis
• Use ranks for analysis
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Points to watch• Data from 2007 and 2008 means the recent economic
downturn not picked up but it is unlikely to have a large effect on the relative differences across Scotland.
• Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time eg crime domain, tax credit data.
• There will always be a 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in.
• The Index is relative ie shows an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more deprived. Use Income and Employment domains and the indicators.
• The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation eg in the income domain there is a lack of benefit claimants
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Points to watch• Not all people who are deprived live in deprived
areas. AND not all living in deprived areas are deprived.
• 36% of income deprived people live in the 15% most deprived areas 64% live out with 15% most deprived.
• No datazones in the 15% most deprived does not mean no deprivation, just no concentrations of multiple deprivation
• Index does work in rural areas just fewer concentrations of multiple deprivation and more mixed populations.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 Summary Results
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Headline findings
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Headline findings• Improvements in Glasgow
• Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically
• Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Datazones in the 15% most deprived overall
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 or more 2 or more 3 or more 4 or more 5 or more 6 or more All 7
SIMD 2006
SIMD 2009
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Headline findings• Improvements in Glasgow• Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming
more spread out geographically• Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived
datazones reduced slightly• 4 in 5 datazones that moved out between SIMD
2004 and SIMD 2006 stayed out in SIMD 2009• 4 in 5 datazones in 15% most deprived in SIMD
2009 have been in on both SIMD 2004 and SIMD 2006
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Most deprived datazone
• S01003279
• East end of Glasgow.
• Ranked 62 in SIMD 2006
• DZ ranked 1 in SIMD 2006 now ranked 2
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 National Share
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1)
*The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 Local Share
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1)
*The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the 15% most deprived in Scotland
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
• So, is Glasgow worse than Edinburgh?
– Relatively speaking, using this measure Glasgow is more deprived than Edinburgh
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Datazone movement
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Datazone movement by vigintile
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Datazones moving out of 15% MD
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Datazones moving into 15% MD
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 Domains
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Employment domain• 12% of the working age population are
employment deprived. Of these, 33% live in the 15% most employment deprived datazones.
• In Glasgow City 18% of the working age population are experiencing employment deprivation.
• Aberdeenshire has the smallest percentage of its working age population employment deprived at 6%.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Employment domain
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
40.0%
45.0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Employment Domain Vigintile
% W
ork
ing
Ag
e P
op
ula
tio
n E
mp
loym
ent
Dep
rive
d
2004 2006 2009Most Deprived Least Deprived
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Income Domain• The largest concentration of income deprivation is in
Glasgow with 31% of the 15% most deprived datazones, this was a fall from 34% in 2006.
• The next largest shares are in North Lanarkshire (8%) and Fife (6%). These were both small increases on 2006.
• Between the 2006 SIMD and the 2009 SIMD 123 datazones moved into the 15% most deprived and 123 moved out.
• Of the datazones that have moved in 74 (60%) have seen an increase in the proportion of the population that are income deprived.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Income domain
05
1015202530354045505560
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Income Domain Vigintile
% P
op
ula
tio
n I
nc
om
e D
ep
riv
ed
SIMD2004 SIMD2006 SIMD2009
Most Deprived
LeastDeprived
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Education Domain• 10% of the datazones in Scotland have fallen in
the 15% most education deprived on all three updates of the SIMD.
• 36% of the datazones in Glasgow and 19% of the datazones in Dundee City have appeared in the 15% most education deprived on the three updates to the SIMD.
• The datazones moving into the 15% most deprived on the education domain have all seen a worsening in performance on at least one of the three indicators that are comparable with SIMD 2006.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Crime Domain• Glasgow City Local Authority has the largest
local share of datazones in the 15% most deprived in the crime domain at 18%.
• Edinburgh has 10%, North Lanarkshire 8%, Fife 7%, and Aberdeen 6%.
• Strathclyde Police Force Area has the largest national share of the 15% most deprived datazones in relation to crime at 49.4%.
• Dumfries & Galloway Police Force Area have the smallest national share at 2.2%.
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
SIMD 2009 outputs
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Where to find more..• General report with initial analysis • Technical report• Guidance leaflet• Interactive mapping website• Statistical Compendium
– tables, charts & maps
• Background data for SIMD 2006
• www.scotland.gov.uk/simd• More to come…
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Interactive mapping website
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
Interactive mapping
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
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www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
www.scotland.gov.uk/simd
ANY QUESTIONS?
Contacts:
Matt Perkins
Tel: 0131 244 0443
[email protected] Niamh Laffan Tel: 0131 244 3331
Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD)
Tel: 0131 244 0442