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Zap Yfz Zap Tfe} f X`|akp}jae1
]n` E`t K`l} fem }n` T`f}n`x Pem`xdxapem
Ofiah Rakatje
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Ifxfk`` Mfjdk`
Gfxin 92+ 8266
7/30/2019 You Say You Want a Revolution? The New Left and the Weather Underground
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Ae Ope` 60}n
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xfmjifk+ gjkj}fe}+ xjdjmkz axdfej`m iakk`i}jae al y`gj'fp}aeagapy pem`xdxapem iakk`i}j|`y+
tjkkjed fem `fd`x }a `edfd` je fi}y al }`xxaxjyg je axm`x }a k`fm }n` tnj}` cjmy }a fxg`m
x`|akp}jae }a }arrk` }n` jgr`xjfkjy} Fg`xjife x`djg` je lf|apx al f iaggpejy} da|`xeg`e}%9
]n` vp`y}jaey fx` }npy h`dd`m? nat mjm ifkky lax rfx}jijrf}axz m`gaixfiz k`fm }a haghjedy1
Nat mjm f gfyy ga|`g`e} al y}pm`e}y h`iag` fe `~ikpyj|` ifmx` al iaggj}}`m x`|akp}jaefxj`y1
Nat fem tnz mjm f dxapr al tnj}`+ gjmmk` ikfyy y}pm`e}y+ xfjy`m je x`kf}j|` rxj|jk`d`+=
}pxe
fdfjey} `|`xz}njed yaij`}z nfm dj|`e }n`g1
]n` feyt`xy pelakm kjc` f Dx``c }xfd`mz% J} jy }n` y}axz al+ }a rfxfrnxfy` Djeyh`xd+ }n`
h`y} gjemy al f d`e`xf}jae m`y}xaz`m hz fkj`ef}jae fem lxpy}xf}jae% J} jy }n` y}axz al }n` h`y}
je}`e}jaey al f ga|`g`e} fem al f d`e`xf}jae ia'ar}`m fem pk}jgf}`kz tfy}`m hz f gjkj}fe} l`t%
J} jy }n` y}axz al }n` tf|` ixfynjed fdfjey} }n` rakj}jifk `y}fhkjyng`e} al Fg`xjif+ fem
`y}fhkjyng`e} nakmjed ljxg% J} jy }n` y}axz al }n` TPA%
]n` lakkatjed tjkk infx} }n` xjy` fem lfkk al }n` TPA+ h`djeejed tj}n j}y axjdjey je }n`
YMY+ }nxapdn j}y `g`xd`ei` ae}a }n` ef}jaefk y}fd` mpxjed }n` 6:
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}x`emy je }n` E`t K`l}+0
tnjin nfm jeix`fyjedkz h`dpe }a y`` |jak`ei` fy f opy}jljfhk` g`fey }a
fiiagrkjyn rakj}jifk `emy% Nat`|`x+ }n` m`ijyjae }a da pem`xdxapem fem m`ikfx` tfx x`rx`y`e}`m
f r`x|`xyjae al }n` jm`akadz al }n` E`t K`l}+ fy }n` TPA x`o`i}`m rakj}jifk axdfejf}jae je
lf|apx al x`|akp}jaefxz rpxj}z fem }n` rpxypj} al |jak`ei` fdfjey} }n` y}f}` fy fe `em je j}y`kl% ]n`
rphkjif}jae al }n`E`t Gaxejed iaggpejvp je 6:46 x`rx`y`e}`m f lpx}n`x ynjl} je jm`akadz+ fy
j} f}}`gr}`m }a y}xjc` f hfkfei` h`}t``e }n` |jak`ei` al }n` TPA fem }n` }xfmj}jaefk E`t K`l}
jgrpky` lax rakj}jifk axdfejf}jae+ tnjk` tj}n }n` rphkjif}jae alRxfjxj` Ljx` je 6:4=+ }n` TPA
iagrk`}`m fe je|`xyjae al yax}y+ kfxd`kz x`rpmjf}jed |jak`ei` fem `ghxfijed rakj}jifk jm`akadj`y
fem y}xf}`dj`y j} nfm ypggfxjkz x`o`i}`m opy} lj|` z`fxy h`lax`%
]n` y}axz al }n` TPA h`djey tj}n }n` YMY% Hz 6:+ }n` ar}jgjyg al Rax} Npxae nfm
kfxd`kz mjyfrr`fx`m+ tfyn`m ftfz fgjm gape}jed lxpy}xf}jae a|`x iae}jep`m Fg`xjife
`yifkf}jae je \j`}efg+ m`yrj}` }n` dxatjed x`yjy}fei` }a }n` mxfl} fem gfyyj|` fe}j'tfx
m`gaey}xf}jaey% Je x`yraey`+ YMY jeix`fyjedkz ar}`m lax mjx`i} iaelxae}f}jae tj}n fp}naxj}j`y+
tj}n f y`xj`y al YMY'k`m m`gaey}xf}jaeyjeikpmjed }n` 6:
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lapem yag` eje`}``e r`xi`e} al x`yraem`e}y f} kfy} rfx}jfkkz je lf|apx al }n` ix`f}jae al f gfyy
x`|akp}jaefxz rfx}z%> Z`}+ }njy jm`akadjifk ynjl} tfy hz ea g`fey pej|`xyfk ax gaeakj}nji% Tnjk`
YMY tfy pej}`m fxapem j}y arrayj}jae }a }n` tfx+ }n` kaay`kz axdfej`m fyyaijf}jae kfic`m fez
yax} al pejlzjed jm`akadz% Fy gjdn} h` `~r`i}`m+ }njy k`m }a fkk gfee`x al jm`akadjifk
lfi}jaefkjyg+ fy YMY tfy }axe hz vp`y}jaey al tna fem tnf} }n` x`|akp}jae fem }n`
x`|akp}jaefxj`ytapkm h`%:
Hz }n` Ope` 6:G`ne`x}+ =2%
:Mf|jm Ipeejednfg+ ]n`x`y Yag`}njed Nfrr`ejed N`x`? ]n` E`t K`l}+ }n` Ckfe fem LHJ Iape}`xje}`kkjd`ei`
.H`xc`k`z? Pej|`xyj}z al Ifkjlaxejf Rx`yy+ 822=*+ 0:%62
Xae Ofiahy+ ]n` Tfz }n` Tjem Hk`t? F Njy}axz al }n` T`f}n`x Pem`xdxapem.Kaemae? \`xya+ 6::4*+ 69%66
Vpa}`m je Xae Ofiahy+ 69%
7/30/2019 You Say You Want a Revolution? The New Left and the Weather Underground
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Xae Ofiahy+
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iapkm da }a`'}a'}a` tj}n }n` fp}naxj}j`y+ tnjk` f} }n` yfg` }jg` dfk|fejjed yprrax} fgaed }n`
zap}n fem rxa|jmjed e`i`yyfxz }xfjejed fem `~r`xj`ei` }a }n` rxa}`y}axy }n`gy`k|`y%89
]n` rxa}`y}y lpx}n`x m`gaey}xf}`m }nf} |jak`ei` tfy eat f opy}jljfhk` fem k`dj}jgf}` }fi}ji
lax }n` E`t K`l}% ]napdn }n` fi}jaey je Injifda rxa|ac`m ixj}jijyg lxag yag` y`i}axy al }n`
E`t K`l}+ jeikpmjed lxag }n` Dpfxmjfe e`tyrfr`x fem gpin al }n` akm XZG JJ lfi}jae al YMY
tnjin nfm yrkj} lxag }n` T`f}n`xgfe+ ax XZG J+ lfi}jae ynax}kz fl}`x }n` Ope` 6:
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t`x` ypho`i} }a iaey}fe} nfxfyyg`e}+ ypx|`jkkfei` fem fxx`y}al}`e ae }xpgr`m pr infxd`y%84
Lpx}n`xgax`+ }n` TPA hax` tj}e`yy }a f }jg` al ynaicjed fem perx`i`m`e}`m da|`xeg`e}fk
x`rx`yyjae al rakj}jifk mjyy`e} je }n` laxg al }n` Iape}`x Je}`kkjd`ei` Rxadxfg .IAJE]@KRXA*+
fy }n` LHJ+ je iaeopei}jae tj}n kaifk rakji`+ ifxxj`m ap} f yzy}`gf}ji ifgrfjde fdfjey} f
gpk}j}pm` al axdfejf}jaey ae }n` E`t K`l}% Fyjm` lxag ypx|`jkkfei`+ }njy ifgrfjde je|ak|`m
nfxfyyg`e}+ rkfe}jed al lfky` je}`kkjd`ei`+ rxarfdfemf+ fem je yag` gax` `~}x`g` ify`y+ `|`e
cjmefrrjedy fem fyyfpk}y%8> @|`e gpxm`x tfy ea} ap} al }n` vp`y}jae+ fy `|jm`ei`m hz }n`
dpeejed mate al Hkfic Rfe}n`x k`fm`x Lx`m Nfgr}ae je njy h`m hz Injifda rakji` allji`xy
taxcjed pem`x }n` mjx`i}jae al }n` LHJ%
8:
Lfi`m tj}n gape}jed rx`yypx` lxag IAJE]@KRXA+
fem jeix`fyjedkz lxpy}xf}`m hz }n` kfic al x`|akp}jaefxz l`x|apx fgaed tnj}` zap}nfy
`|jm`ei`m je Injifda}n` T`f}n`x Hpx`fp m`ijm`m }nf} }n` }jg` nfm iag` }a lpkljkk }n`jx
gjyyjae+ }a h`iag` f ikfem`y}je` axdfejf}jae%92
Ap}kje`m je Zap Mae} E``m f T`f}n`xgfe+
h`dpe tj}n }n` `y}fhkjyng`e} al TPA iakk`i}j|`y je }n` ypgg`x al 6:
Y`ef}` Y`k`i} Iaggj}}`` }a Y}pmz Da|`xeg`e}fk Ar`xf}jaey tj}n X`yr`i} }a Je}`kkjd`ei` Fi}j|j}j`y+
IAJE]@KRXA? ]n` LHJy Ia|`x} Fi}jae Rxadxfgy Fdfjey} Fg`xjife Ij}j`ey .6:4
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ray}`xy al }n` TPAy `e`gj`y Ej~ae+ Fde`t+ X`fdfe+ Mfk`ztj}n yzghakji hpkk`}y fllj~`m%
Fgjm }njy fjx al x`|akp}jaefxz l`x|apx+ yr``in`y gfm` hz f}}`em``y h`dfe }a y}xfz lfx h`zaem }n`
pypfk xn`}axji al }n` E`t K`l}% Je kjdn} al }n` kat }pxeap} je Injifda+ fy t`kk fy f kfic al
hfickfyn }a }n` |jijapy f}}ficy gfm` hz IAJE]@KRXA ae }n` Hkfic Rfe}n`xy+ g`gh`xy al }n`
TPA h`dfe }a m`eapei` tnj}` y}pm`e}y}n`jx hx`}nx`e je }n` E`t K`l}f}}ficjed }n`g fy
yal}+ t`fc fem ea} yplljij`e}kz iaggj}}`m }a }n` x`|akp}jae% Je }n` taxmy al Nfxakm Ofiahy+
iagrfx`m }a j}y `fxkj`x fhy}xfi} iaggj}g`e} }a f yaijfkjy} x`|akp}jae gfm` hz fe a|`xtn`kgjed
gfoaxj}z al }n` Fg`xjife r`ark`+ T`f}n`xgfe h`dfe }a h`kj`|` }nf} }n` `e`gz tfy ea} opy} }n`
xpkjed ikfyy+ hp}je j}y taxmytnj}`+ naecz xfijy} Fg`xjcf .yji* j}y`kl%
98
]npy+ }n` TPA
x`o`i}`m ea} aekz }n` E`t K`l}y jgrpky` lax gfyy rakj}jifk axdfejf}jae+ hp} fkya j}y ate
iaggj}g`e}+ fy ap}kje`m je j}y lapemf}jaefk maipg`e}+ }ahpjkm f gfyy x`|akp}jaefxz
ga|`g`e}%99
Tj}n }njy x`fkjf}jae+ }n` m`ijyjae }a da pem`xdxapem tfy ljefkj`m% Nf|jed kay} lfj}n je
}n` ga|`g`e} fy f tnak`+ f}}`em``y ifg` }a h`kj`|` }nf} }n`jx h`y} infei` lax x`|akp}jae tfy }a
fhfemae axdfejf}jae fem }a laipy fkk }n`jx `e`xdj`y ae ia|`x}kz tfdjed tfx ae }n` y}f}`+ je
yprrax} al }n` hkfic x`|akp}jaefxz ga|`g`e}+ tj}n }n` nar`y al rxa|acjed f d`e`xfk prxjyjed%
Jm`akadjifkkz+ }njy x`rx`y`e}`m f ynfxr hx`fc lxag }n` TPAy xaa}y+ fy j} iaey}j}p}`m f }a}fk
x`o`i}jae al }n` iax` E`t K`l} h`kj`l je }n` rat`x al }n` gfyy`y% ]njy hx`fc lxag }n` ga|`g`e}
tfy yzghakj`m hz }n` m`ijyjae }a alljijfkkz mjyhfem }n` YMY+ }n` dx`f} axdfej`x al }n` gfyy`y+
je lf|apx al }n` `y}fhkjyng`e} al f ygfkk+ iaggj}}`m x`|akp}jaefxz hfem%
98Nfxakm Ofiahy+ Je}xampi}jae }a Rfx} 9 je T`f}n`xgfe+ `m% Nfxakm Ofiahy .H`xc`k`z? Xfgrfx}y Rx`yy+ 6:42*+ 966
99YMY+ Zap Mae} E``m f T`f}n`xgfe }a Ceat Tnjin Tfz }n` Tjem Hkaty
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Z`}+ h`zaem x`eapeijed }n` E`t K`l}+ f} Lkje} }n` TPA ynatify`m f m`yjx` }a h`iag`
}n` fe}j}n`yjy al `|`xz}njed naecz Fg`xjif tnjin }n` E`t K`l} tfy eat iaeyjm`x`m f rfx}
aly}aam lax% Je }njy x`dfxm+ g`gh`xy x`eapei`m fem m`ejdxf}`m }n` gjmmk` ikfyy prhxjedjed
fem |fkp`y }nf}lax }n` gay} rfx}y`x|`m fy f pejlzjed }nx`fm }nxapdnap} }n` tnj}` E`t K`l}%
Jem``m+ }n` iae|`e}jae hax` tj}e`yy }a yr``in`y rxfjyjed Infxk`y Gfeyae+ fem }a y`xjapy m`hf}`y
fy }a tn`}n`x tnj}` hfhj`y ynapkm h` cjkk`m ya fy }a rx`|`e} }n`g dxatjed je}a fmpk} hapxd`ajyj`
arrx`yyaxy% Xn`}axji lxfg`m }n` TPA fy \jyjda}ny+ hfxhfxjfey xfjejed }`xxax prae }n` `grjx`+
tnjk` H`xefmje` Manxe rx`y`e}`m }n` jm`fk T`f}n`xgfe fy ea} yjgrkz f m`}`xgje`m
x`|akp}jaefxz+ hp} xf}n`x fe fd`e} al mjyxpr}jae+ infay fem l`fx%
9=
M`gaey}xf}jed }n` fkk'
`eiagrfyyjed ef}px` al }n` jm`akadjifk ynjl} pem`x}fc`e hz }n` TPA+ Nfxakm Ofiahy fxdp`y }nf}
}n` axdfejf}jaeylxpy}xf}jae f} ea} h`jed fhk` }a rp} }ad`}n`x }n` gfinje`xz }nf} iapkm h`dje }a
jgg`mjf}`kz ygfyn }n` yzy}`g k`m }a f |pkdfx e`df}jae al j}y |fkp`y%90
Ea kaed`x tfy j} `eapdn
}a ea} yprrax} jgr`xjfkjy}+ iaxxpr} Fg`xjif% Xf}n`x+ pek`yy ae` tfy mjx`i}kz ljdn}jed fdfjey} j}+
ae` tfy yprrax}jed j}% ]njy tfy f xfmjifk ynjl} jem``m%
Lakkatjed }n` iae|`e}jae+ }n` pem`xdxapem axdfejf}jae tfy hpjk} }nxapdn }n` iakk`i}j|`y
}nf} nfm h``e `y}fhkjyn`m je }n` ypgg`x% ]n`y` iakk`i}j|`yygfkk+ jeypkfx fem y`kl'iae}fje`m hz
e`i`yyj}zh`ifg` }n` kfhaxf}axj`y je tnjin T`f}n`xr`ark` yapdn} }a e`df}` }n` hapxd`ajyj`
|fkp`y al gjmmk` Fg`xjif+ }a ga|` rfy} }n`jx ate gjmmk` ikfyy prhxjedjed+ }a finj`|`
x`|akp}jaefxz rpxj}z+ }a+ je }n` taxmy al H`xefmje` Manxe yifx` }n` ynj} ap} al Naecz
Fg`xjif%9*+ :6%
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dxapr y`~t`x` `eiapxfd`m+ fem aiifyjaefkkz laxi`m%94
Lpx}n`xgax`+ iakk`i}j|`y rfx}jijrf}`m je
T`f}n`x Lxj`y+ je tnjin g`gh`xy t`x` ypho`i}`m }a hxp}fk dxapr fem y`kl'ixj}jijyg+ je fe `llax}
}a yphy}j}p}` f dxapr jm`e}j}z lax fe jemj|jmpfk ae`+ }a x`rkfi` }n` tjkk al }n` jemj|jmpfk tj}n }n`
tjkk al }n` iakk`i}j|`%9> ]n`y` hjfxx` rxfi}ji`y m`gaey}xf}` }n` m`dx`` }a tnjin }n` }fi}jiy+ hp}
gax` jgrax}fe}kz }n` |`xz |fkp`y+ al }n` E`t K`l} fem YMY t`x` x`o`i}`m lakkatjed Lkje}%
X`}x`f}jed je}a }n` pem`xdxapem+ }n` TPA yapdn} }a }xfeylaxg j}y`kl je}a yag`}njed e`|`x h`lax`
y``e? fe axdfejf}jae ifrfhk` al m`y}xazjed ea} aekz }n` rakj}jifk `y}fhkjyng`e} al jgr`xjfkjy}
Fg`xjif+ hp} }n` |`xz lfhxji al j}y yaij`}zjemj|jmpfkjyg fem gaeadfgz h`jed jgrax}fe}
`k`g`e}y al }nf} lfhxji%
Tj}n }n` x`k`fy` alF M`ikfxf}jae al f Y}f}` al Tfx+ }n` TPAy tfx h`ifg` rphkji
ceatk`md`% X`iaxm`m ae f }fr` m`ic hz H`xefmje` Manxe+ fem x`k`fy`m }a xfmja y}f}jaey fxapem
}n` iape}xz ae Gfz 86+ 6:42+ }n` m`ikfxf}jae x`j}`xf}`m }nf}+ }`ey al }napyfemy nf|` k`fxe`m }nf}
rxa}`y}y fem gfxin`y mae} ma j}% X`|akp}jaefxz |jak`ei` jy }n` aekz tfz%9: Lpx}n`xgax`+ }n`
m`ikfxf}jae rxagjy`m yprrax} lax }n` hkfic kjh`xf}jae ga|`g`e}+ fem tfxe`m }nf} }n` TPA
tapkm fmar} }n` ikfyyji dp`xjkkf y}xf}`dz al }n` ]prfgaxay fe pxhfe dp`xxjkkf axdfejf}jae
fi}j|` je Pxpdpfz je }n` 6:
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]n` tfx h`dfe yag` }t`e}z mfzy kf}`x+ tj}n }n` haghjed al }n` E`t Zaxc Ij}z Rakji`
N`fmvpfx}`xy% ]a gfxc j}y aiifyjae+ }n` TPA x`k`fy`m f iaggpejvp }nf} ikay`m tj}n }n` taxmy
rakj}jifk rat`x dxaty ap} al f dpe+ f gaka}a|+ f xja}+ f iaggpe` fem lxag }n` yapk al }n`
r`ark`%=8 Je ify` }n`x` tfy fez kjed`xjed maph}+ }n` haghjed fem iaggpejvp ynf}}`x`m fez
x`gfjejed jkkpyjae }nf} }n` TPA tfy ar`xf}jed je }n` }xfmj}jae al }n` E`t K`l}+ fem iapkm
iaei`j|fhkz h` x`jde`m je ax iae}fje`m% Xf}n`x+ j} m`gaey}xf}`m }n` TPAy ljxg h`kj`l }nf}
rakj}jifk rat`x ifg` lxag |jak`ei`+ ea} epgh`xy+ fem }nf} aekz |jak`ei` tapkm h` ifrfhk` al
y}jxxjed Fg`xjif }a fi}jae%
]njy h`kj`l tfy rp} je}a fi}jae tj}n }n` h`djeejed al }n` Lfkk All`eyj|` ae Ai}ah`x >+
6:42+ }n` ae`'z`fx feej|`xyfxz al }n` Mfzy al Xfd`% H`dpe tj}n }n` haghjed al }n` Nfzgfxc`}
Rakji` Y}f}p`tnjin nfm h``e hagh`m hz }n` TPA ae` z`fx h`lax` fem nfm yjei` h``e x`hpjk}
}njy r`xjam tapkm h` }n` TPAy gay} fi}j|`+ tj}e`yyjed j}y haghy `~rkamjed je Injifda+ Kaed
Jykfem+ Ifghxjmd`+ fem Gfxje Iape}z+ Ifkjlaxejf mpxjed Ai}ah`x fkae`%=9 X`rx`y`e}jed r`xnfry
}n` ikay`y} }nf} }n` TPA tapkm iag` }a ar`e tfx tj}n }n` y}f}`+ j}y h`kj`l je }n` je`lljifiz al
fez fk}`xef}j|` }fi}jiy tfy x`j}`xf}`m je f iaggpejvp gfxcjed }n` y}fx} al }n` all`eyj|`+ tnjin
hkfy}`m y}pm`e} k`fm`xy lax x`eapeijed }n`jx xfmjifkjyg+ fem }xpy}jed f da|`xeg`e} }nf} rxagjy`m
r`fi` tnjk` haghjed Ifghamjf fem gpxm`xjed j}y ate y}pm`e}y f} C`e} Y}f}` fem Oficyae Y}f}`%
X`o`i}jed tnf} j} yft fy }n` `gr}z rxagjy`y al }n` `y}fhkjyng`e}+ j} tfxe`m+ mae} h` }xjic`m hz
}fkc% Fxg zapxy`k|`y fem ynaa} }a kj|`&==
Je gfez tfzy+ }n` Lfkk All`eyj|` gfxc`m f njdn raje}
lax }n` TPA% Ar`xf}jed tj}n y``gjed jgrpej}z+ fktfzy y}`ry fn`fm al }n` rjdy+ j}y fi}jaey
=8TPA+ N`fmvpfx}`xy je Yjed f Hf}}k` Yaed? ]n` X`|akp}jaefxz Ra`}xz+ Y}f}`g`e}y fem Iaggpejvpy al }n`
T`f}n`x Pem`xdxapem 6:42'6:4=+ `m% H`xefmje` Manxe+ Hjkk Fz`xy fem O`ll Oae`y .E`t Zaxc? Y`|`e Y}axj`y Rx`yy+
822%==
TPA+ Lfkk All`eyj|` je Yjed f Hf}}k` Yaed? ]n` X`|akp}jaefxz Ra`}xz+ Y}f}`g`e}y fem Iaggpejvpy al }n`
T`f}n`x Pem`xdxapem 6:42'6:4=+ `m% H`xefmje` Manxe+ Hjkk Fz`xy fem O`ll Oae`y .E`t Zaxc? Y`|`e Y}axj`y Rx`yy+
822
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ifr}px`m }n` f}}`e}jae al }n` g`mjf fem }n` ef}jae+ tjeejed }n` dxapr gfez t`fk}nz h`e`lfi}axy
ae }n` K`l}jxaejifkkz }nay` tnag }n` TPA mjyrfxfd`m fy hapxd`ajyj` fd`e}y al Fg`xjife
jgr`xjfkjyg%
Z`}+ fkk tfy ea} t`kk je T`f}n`xkfem% @|`e h`lax` }n` haghjed al }n` EZRM
N`fmvpfx}`xy+ }n` alljijfk y}fx} al }n` TPAy tfx+ }n` axdfejf}jae nfm h``e xaic`m hz }xfd`mz+
tj}n }nx`` al j}y g`gh`xy cjkk`m je }n` flax`g`e}jae`m Dx``etnjin }atenapy` `~rkayjae% ]n`
`~rkayjae fll`i}`m }n` TPA m``rkz% M`yrj}` iaey}fe} hxf|fma fhap} x`|akp}jae+ |jak`ei` fem
tfx fdfjey} }n` y}f}`+ }n` gfoaxj}z al TPA g`gh`xy t`x` }n` injkmx`e al }n` gjmmk` ikfyy+ fem
nfm `~r`xj`ei`m x`kf}j|`kz yn`k}`x`m prhxjedjedy% ]n` ea}jae al |jak`e} m`f}n nfm aekz x`fkkz
`~jy}`m je }n` fhy}xfi}+ }n` lf}` al }n` `e`gj`y je }n` x`|akp}jaefxz lfe}fyz+ ea} al }n`
x`|akp}jaefxj`y%=0
]npy+ }n` `~r`xj`ei` rxa|`m f tf}`xyn`m gag`e} lax }n` TPA+ rxagr}jed f
y`xjapy x``|fkpf}jae al }n` dxapry }fi}jiy+ h`kj`ly fem y}xf}`dj`y f} f x`}x`f} je Ifkjlaxejf% N`x`+
}n` }fi}ji al jemjyixjgjef}` |jak`ei` fdfjey} jemj|jmpfky tfy x`rpmjf}`m+ je lf|apx al }n` }fxd`}jed
al yzghaky xf}n`x }nfe r`ark`%=
`llax} tfy ea}`|`e je }n` tjkm`y} lfe}fyj`y al }n` gay} iaggj}}`m x`|akp}jaefxj`ye`fxkz
`eapdn }a yrfxc }n` x`|akp}jae+ ax `|`e }a yixf}in }n` Fg`xjife tjemgjkk }atfxmy tnjin }n`
TPA iae}jep`m }a ya vpj~a}jifkkz infxd`% @|`e }n` axdfejf}jaey iaggpejvpy h`dfe }a y``g
taxe fem x`r`}j}j|` fgjmy} infedjed }jg`y+ fy gfez aei`'x`|akp}jaefxz dxapry f}}`gr}`m }a
ga|` hfic je}a }n` rakj}jifk gfjey}x`fg+ fhfemaejed |jak`ei` lax iaggpej}z axdfejjed fem
|a}`x x`djy}xf}jae%0
}n` m`ijyjae tfy gfm` }a nf|` gpin al }n` TPA iag` ap} lxag }n` pem`xdxapem+
fem }a x`laxg }n` TPA fy f gfyy x`|akp}jaefxz iaggpejy} rakj}jifk rfx}z%0:
Fy f x`ypk} al }njy
m`ijyjae+ je 6:4= }n` TPA rphkjyn`m Rxfjxj` Ljx`? ]n` Rakj}jiy al X`|akp}jaefxz Fe}j'
Jgr`xjfkjyg+ fe 602'rfd` haac m`fkjed tj}n+ fgaed a}n`x }njedy+ }n` njy}axz al x`|akp}jaefxz
k`l}jy} }njecjed+ fe}j'jgr`xjfkjy} y}xpddk`y fem gjeaxj}z y}xpddk`y+ fy t`kk fy ap}kjejed }n` TPAy
e`t rakj}jifk rnjkayarnz% Tnjk` j}y je}xampi}jae ifkk`m lax f x`|akp}jaefxz iaggpejy} rfx}z je
axm`x }a k`fm }n` y}xpddk`+ dj|` ian`x`ei` fem mjx`i}jae }a }n` ljdn}+ y`j` rat`x fem hpjkm f e`t
0Gfez infxd`y fdfjey} }n` TPA t`x` mxarr`m je 6:49 mp` }a x`|`kf}jaey al z`fxy al jkk`dfk }`inejvp`y fem
gfyyj|` rakji` fhpy` hz IAJE]@KRXA%0:
\fxae+ 62>%
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6:
yaij`}z+ je x`fkj}z j}y }ae` tfy gpin yal}`x+ fem x`rx`y`e}`m f lfjxkz yphy}fe}jfk m`rfx}px` lxag
}n` TPA al }n` rfy}%
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82
lxag }n` dkaxjapy x`|j|fk al }n` TPA fem }n` ga|`g`e}+ }n` iael`x`ei` yapem`m }n` m`f}n ce`kk
lax ha}n% ]axe hz jyyp`y al xfi` fem jm`akadzjxaejifkkz yjgjkfx }a }n` jyyp`y }nf} nfm mj|jm`m }n`
6:
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gfjey}x`fg+ iaprk`m tj}n }n` m`yjx` }a y}fz x`k`|fe} je f ray}'\j`}efg taxkm+ ipkgjef}`m je }n`
rphkjif}jae alRxfjxj` Ljx`+ yr`kkjed ap} }n` T`f}n`x Je|`xyjae je tnjin }n` TPA `ghxfi`m
}n` taxc`xy+ gfyy axdfejf}jae fem rakj}jiy j} nfm x`o`i}`m opy} lj|` z`fxy `fxkj`x% Je f ljefk lj} al
x`dx`}+ }n` TPA yapdn} }a x`hpjkm }n` ga|`g`e} j} nfm ynf}}`x`m+ z`} j} tfy ea} }a h`%
]npy+ }n` `rj}frn al }n` TPA jy f yfm ae` jem``m% Pefhk` }a iaelxae} }n` gaey}xayj}z al
}n`jx da|`xeg`e}+ je fkk j}y fd`e}'axfed`'mxarrjed+ efrfkg'kjdn}jed+ GzKfj'gfyyfixjed naxxax+
g`gh`xy al }n` TPA jey}`fm yapdn} yn`k}`x je }n` taxkm al }n` pem`xdxapem+ fyypfdjed }n`jx
dpjk} }nxapdn lfe}fyj`y al x`|akp}jaefxz tfx+ m`kpmjed }n`gy`k|`y je}a opy}jlzjed }`xxaxjyg% Z`}+
je }n`jx vp`y} lax fyi`}ji x`|akp}jaefxz rpxj}z+ }n`z gfefd`m }a m`y}xaz }n` |`xz jey}j}p}jaey h`y}
ifrfhk` al finj`|jed yag` g`fypx` al }n` x`|akp}jae }n`z ya m`yr`xf}`kz yapdn}+ xjrrjed }n` E`t
K`l} frfx} tj}n fe fkgay} ypjijmfk l`x|apx% Jem``m+ }n` ljefk f}}`gr}y al }n` TPA }a x`hpjkm }n`
ga|`g`e} j} m`y}xaz`m ' m`yr`xf}`+ jxaeji+ x`dx`}lpk fem }xfdjiagji fy }n`z t`x`iag` all fy
opy} }nf}+ fem }n` frrxarxjf}`kz }xfdji `em }a f gjydpjm`m fem Yjyzrn`fe `e} xrxjy`%
Je f ljefk }tjy} al }n` cejl`+ }n` y}axz `emy }npykz? ]nay` tna f|ajm`m m`f}n ax ofjk dx`t
pr+ da} oahy+ nfm injkmx`e fem h`ifg` rfx} al Fg`xjif% Naecz Fg`xjif% Fy }n` tf|` x`i`m`m+
}n` h`fin kfz je}fi}+ fyjm` lxag r`xnfry f l`t gjyrkfi`m r`hhk`y%
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Taxcy Ij}`m
Rxjgfxz Yapxi`y
Y`ef}` Y`k`i} Iaggj}}`` }a Y}pmz Da|`xeg`e}fk Ar`xf}jaey tj}n X`yr`i} }a Je}`kkjd`ei`
Fi}j|j}j`y+ IAJE]@KRXA? ]n` LHJy Ia|`x} Fi}jae Rxadxfgy Fdfjey} Fg`xjife Ij}j`ey%
6:4% E`t Zaxc? Y`|`e Y}axj`y Rx`yy+ 822
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Mfej`ky+ Y}pfx}% ]n` T`f}n`xg`e% Da|`xeg`e} fem Arrayj}jae :+ ea% = .6:4=*? =92'=0:%
Dj}kje+ ]amm% ]n` Yj~}j`y? Z`fxy al Nar`+ Mfzy al Xfd`% E`t Zaxc? Hfe}fg Haacy+ 6:>4%
Ofiahy+ Nfxakm% Je}xampi}jae }a Rfx} 6 je T`f}n`xgfe+ `mj}`m hz Nfxakm Ofiahy+ 6'69%
H`xc`k`z? Xfgrfx}y Rx`yy+ 6:42%
Ofiahy+ Nfxakm% Je}xampi}jae }a Rfx} 9 je T`f}n`xgfe+ `mj}`m hz Nfxakm Ofiahy+ 926'968%
H`xc`k`z? Xfgrfx}y Rx`yy+ 6:42%
Ofiahy+ Xae% ]n` Tfz }n` Tjem Hk`t? F Njy}axz al }n` T`f}n`x Pem`xdxapem% Kaemae? \`xya+
6::4%
G`ne`x}+ Ckfpy% ]tjkjdn} al }n` Zaped? ]n` Xfmjifk Ga|`g`e}y al }n` 6:%
]nagfy+ ]ag% ]n` Y`iaem Hf}}k` al Injifda je T`f}n`xgfe+ `mj}`m hz Nfxakm Ofiahy+ 6: