Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS
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“HIV and AIDS and Education”
“Health Risk - Thinking Education”
BEd Organizational Development ProgrammeFriday, 4 November 2011
Harare
David Mutambara
Executive Director
ZBCA
Presentation Outline• About the ZBCA• Personal traits in management.• HIV and AIDS Basic Information.• Teaching or Educating pupils about HIV
and AIDS.• What curriculum would serve our
interests best on HIV in schools?• Exploring your role as education leaders
in influencing how HIV is to be approached in education.
Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS
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About the ZBCA• ZBCA is a business Trust formed to scale up
the business response to HIV.• HIV is seen not as a people health threat
but as a threat to business health.• We provide technical support to business
leadership on how to strategically position business to respond to the HIV pandemic.
• The key output of the business response to HIV is business’s viability and sustainability.
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What is your interest in HIV in Education?
Plenary discussion:Key questions:1. Do you want knowledge about HIV
and AIDS or do you want to know about how to handle issues relating to HIV and AIDS?
2. Do you want students to know about HIV and AIDS or do you want students to mitigate the effects of HIV and AIDS?
Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS
Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS
Personal Expectations:
1. What drives you in what you do?2. How consistent is what you are doing
now with your main driver?Reflection momentPlenary:What is your defining driver?
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REGION'S HIV AND AIDS OVERVIEW:
Country Prevalence (%) Adults living with HIV Women living with HIV
Angola 3.7 320 000 170 000
Botswana 24.1 270 000 140 000
DRC 3.2 1.0 million 520 000
Lesotho 23.2 270 000 150 000
Malawi 14.1 940 000 500 000
Mozambique 16.1 1.8 million 960 000
Namibia 19.6 230 000 130 000
South Africa 18.8 5.5 million 3.1 million
Swaziland 33.4 220 000 120 000
Tanzania 6.5 1.4 million 710 000
Zambia 17 1.1m 570 000
Zimbabwe 14.26 1.7 million 890 000
Trends in new HIV infections in Adults in Trends in new HIV infections in Adults in ZimbabweZimbabwe
2007 2008 2009
New infections adults 15 +
63,427 62 883 66,156
New infections0-14
17,300 15,791 14,957
Zim Decline
HIV Prevalence in Zimbabwe 2009
2007 2008 2009
Adults prevalence15-49
14,7% 14.1% 14.26%
Prevalence males15-24
3.4% 3.4% 3.5%
Prevalence females 15-24
7.5% 7.3% 7.5%
Prevalence chn 0-14
2.1% 2.1% 2.1%
2005-06 ZDHS – CSO and Macro International
HIV Prevalence by Age
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54
Women
Men
Age
HIV in Zimbabwe
National HIV Estimates 2007
Estimated Number Upper and Lower BoundsTotal (adults and children) 1,320,739 1,252,299 - 1,384,440Adults (15-49) 1,085,671Women (15-49) 651,402Children (0-14) 132,938 124,235 - 142,059Adult Prevalence (15-49) 15.6% 14.9% - 16.3%
Estimated number of people living with HIV and AIDS in Zimbabwe at the end of 2007
HIV in Zimbabwe
2005-06 ZDHS – CSO and Macro International
HIV Prevalence and Number of Lifetime Partners
18.1
6.6
37.1
14.8
42.2
20.3
43.9
22.1
31.1
1 2 3 or 4 5 to 9 10+
Women
Men
Percent HIV- positive
Too few
cases
HIV in Zimbabwe
2005-06 ZDHS – CSO and Macro International
HIV Prevalence among Young People
3.4 2.9
9.9
3.3
12.6
3.2
22.3
10.6
15-17 18-19 20-22 23-24
Women
Men
Percent HIV- positive
HIV in Zimbabwe
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Sex workers
Multiple Concurrent Partnerships
Combined with:
• Low risk perceptionin long-term relationships
• Low condom usein long-term relations
• Low levels of malecircumcision
The ‘Highway of HIV Transmission’
“Dry sex”?
STIs (HSV-2)
Early debut
Cross-generationalrelations
Serial casual relations
PTCT
Gender imbalances Stigma MobilityUnderlying vulnerability factors:
Transmission of HIV
HIVTRANSMISSION
SEXUAL CONTACT92%
MOTHER TO CHILD7%
OTHERS1%
The progression of HIV to AIDS• HIV infects some cells (CD4 and
macrophages) initially
• HIV then uses human cells to make more viral particles
• Virus then kills host cell
• The body’s immune system then attacks the virus
• Virus numbers increase and eventually overwhelm the immune system
• Secondary infections then occur
Progression of HIV• STAGE 1-Asymptomatic (100% Performance capacity)
• STAGE 2-mild disease. skin infections, recurrent coughs, loss of weight, herpes zoster (100% Performance capacity)
• STAGE 3-advanced disease- Pulmonary TB, Meningitis, chronic diarrhea, oral Candida ( thrush), etc (50% Performance capacity)
• STAGE 4- Severe disease, severe loss of weight, Extra pulmonary TB, Kaposi sarcoma (0% Performance capacity)
CD4 count /WHO stage
WAY Forward HIV PreventionWAY Forward HIV Prevention
Abstinence
CorrectConsistentCondoms
MutualMarital Monogamy
People are free to move from one People are free to move from one Boat to another at will depending on circumstancesBoat to another at will depending on circumstances
A
B
C
HIV Treatment!
Other related interventions• Care – infected and affected.
• Oprhan and vulnerable children.
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Responsive intervention:• Know your status - HTC.• Provide support structure:
– Awareness.– Infection prevention methods.– Counseling.– Diagnostics. – Treatment.– Care and support.
• Focus on wellness.• Monitor, evaluate and report.
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Life of a balloon:Group Activity:Design the best balloon.
Lessons:1. The balloon has no life of its own.2. You give it life.3. The process of giving life in deliberate and
replicable.4. The balloon has to know what is being done on its
behalf – information documentation – database.5. Does your balloon remain the best – monitoring,
evaluation and reporting.
Zimbabwe Business Council on AIDS
Strategic vs Activity response.
1. Activity – isolated event which is complete in itself.
2. Strategic – purposeful events to achieve certain intended goals.
Strategic events have to be measured, monitored and evaluated:
1. Inputs2. Outputs3. Outcomes
a. Short termb. Medium termc. Long term
4. Impact
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Process Result
Input Classroom teaching
Output Educated students
Short term outcome Pass their secondary school examinations
Medium term outcome Pass university
Long term outcome Secure decent employment
Impact Developed country
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Example of strategic response.
Why teach HIV and AIDS?
Plenary discussion:
Focus on the outcomes and impact.
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What curriculum do we need?
• Doing things rights
Or
• Doing the right things?
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