W O R K S I S S U E D B Y

the mahlugt Eoc ietg .

BOOK OF THE KNOWLEDGE

OF ALL THE KINGDOMS,LANDS , AND LORDSH I I’S

THAT ARE IN THE WO RLD

SECOND SERIES

No . XX IX

ISSUED FOR 19 1 2

C O U N C I L

OF

THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY .

ALBERT GRAY , Esq .,K .C . , President.

THE R IGHT HON . THE LORD BELHAVEN AND STENTON , Vz‘

ce-Presz‘

dent.

S IR CLEMENTS ROBERT MARKHAM,Ex-Pres .

THE R IGHT HON . THE LORD PECKOVER OF W I SBECH ,

ADM IRAL S IR LEW I S BEAUMONT,THOMAS B. BOWR ING , Esq .

L IEUT.-COLONEL CHARLES FREDER ICK CLOSE ,

BOLTON GLANVILL CORN EY , Esq. , I .S .O .

MAJOR LEONARD DARW IN ,late R. E . , la te Pres . R .O .S .

W I LL IAM FOSTER , Esq .

F. H . H . GUILLEMARD ,M .D .

EDWARD HEAWOOD,Eéq. ,

Trea su rer.

S IR EVERARD IM THURN , C .B .

JOHN SCOTT KELT I E , LL .D .

ADM IRAL S IR ALBERT HAST I NGS MARKHAM , K.C .B .

ALFRED P. MAUDSLAY , Esq.

L I EUT .-COLONEL S IR MATTH EW NATHAN , R.E .

ADM IRAL OF THE FLEET THE R IGHT HON . S IR EDWARD H OBARTSEYMOUR , O .M .

H . R . TEDDER , Esq .

L IEUT.-COLONEL S IR R ICHARD CARNAC TEMPLE, BART C . I .E .

BAS IL HOME THOM SON , Esq .

J . A . J . DE V I LL I ERS , Esq . , H on . Secretary .

BOOK O F THE KNOWLEDGE

OF ALL THE KINGDOMS, LANDS, AND LORDSH IPS

THAT ARE IN THE WORLD,AND THE ARMS AND

DEVICES OF EACH LAND AND LORDSH IP, OR OF

THE KINGS AND LORDS WHO POSSESS THEM

WRITTEN BY

A SPAN ISH FRANCISCAN

I N THE M IDDLE OF THE XIV CENTURY

PUBL I SHED FOR THE F IRST TIME

WI TH N OTE S

BY

MARCOS J IMENEZ DE LA ESPADA

IN 1 877

TRAN SLATED AND ED ITED

BY

S IR CLEMENTS MARKHAM,K.C.B

V ICE-PRES IDENT OF THE HAKLUYT SOC IETY

LONDON

PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY

Giambringe

PR INTED BY JOHN CLAY ,

AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS

INTRODUCT ION

THERE ex ist three,perhaps fo url

,cod i ces i n manuscript

of a work on geography and trave 1, written by an anonymous

Franc iscan Fria r,a nat ive of Spa in

,who tel ls us that he

was b o rn i n I 305 . Two of these texts are i n the Nat ional

L ibrary at Madrid,the th i rd is i n the Royal L ib rary. The

Span ish ed i to r ha s d ist ingu ished them a s R,N

,and S .

R is in the Royal L ibrary and cons ists of 4 1 leaves .

I t is the most modern of the three .

N,the second codex

,is i n the Nat ional L ibrary

,and

shou ld have 67 l eaves, b ut some are m issing . A ll three’

were wri tten i n the l ast th i rd of the fifteenth centu ry,and

are i n quarto,with the arms or devices of al l the cou ntries

ment ioned,pain ted at the beginn ing of each sect ion .

5 is the best,most complete and most important . I t

came fro m the l ibrary of Do n Estebanez Calderon,a n

'

d

i'

s

'

now i n the “ B ib l ioteca Nac ional” at Madr id . I t is

complete in 49 l eaves , with a parchment cover . I n the

i n it i al E on the firstpage there is a m in iatu re of a personage

writ ing , i n b lue with a red mant le . The manuscript is'

bel ieved to have belonged original ly to the Infantado

L ibrary,which wa s i ncorporated into that (gf Osuno . The

t ransfe r' is said to have been ca

‘ rele‘

ss,and the manu script

1 A fo u rth tex t is m en t io ned in Do rm e r’s Prog reso de [a fiz’

storz'

a en

el rez'

na de A rag a” w i th note s by Zu r i ta , p. 269.

vi i i INTRODUCTION

then got into the hands of some booksel le r who sold i t

to Senor Calderon .

On the au thori ty of Do n Franc isco Gonzalez Vera , a

very learned b ib l iographer,the l ibra ry of the Dukes of

I n fantado conta ined the books of the poet M arqu is of

Sant i l l ana . Nearly a l l have h is arms on the margin of

the first page,and h is portra i t i n the in i t ia l l etter. Vera

bel ieved that the codex S belonged to the Marqu isl,and

Espada , the ed i tor, had no doubt after exam in ing the

books i n the l ibrary of the Duke of Osu no,which belonged

to Sant i l lana . Buthe fel t some doubt whether the m in iatu re

i n the in i t ia l letter E wa s i ntended for h im .

The b i nd ing is s imple and i n vel lum ,and on the back

V{ag e (13! m w za’o can [a s a rm as de todos sus Ra mos .

R and N d i ffer very l i tt l e from S and are copied from the

same original . The t i t le on the first page is—L z’

bro del

Co zzoscz'

m z'

ezzto de todos [05 7 47 7205 y Zz'

erm s y sw‘

z’

orz'

os gue

5 072 par 6! m zm a’o, y de la s sefia les y a rm a s gue m m ca cz

’

a

tz’

erm y sefi orz'

o . The flags or dev i ces of al l nat ions are

painted at the beginn i ngs of each sect ion or chapter.

The l ate Do n Marcos J ime’

nes de l a Espada,the l earned

and accompl ished scholar to whom Span ish -American

h istory owes so much,u ndertook to ed i t the m anuscript

of the anonymou s Franc iscan,and d i d so with the aid of

the em inent geographer Do n Franc isco Coel lo . The work

wa s pub l ished at M ad r id i n 1 877 with an alphabet ical i ndex

of place names and identifications so far as was poss ib l e.

The flags are given on one sheet,i nstead of be ing placed

at the head of each chapter : from mot ives of economy.

There can be no quest1on of the date of the original

manuscript,name ly abou t 1 3 50 to 1 360,

for i t is l argely

1 Inigo Lo pe z de M endo za,bo rn in 1 396, wa s c rea ted Ma rqui s o f

San t i l lana by K ing Ju an I I o f Ca sti l le m 1445 . He wa s a l ike em inenta s a so ldie r, a state sm an

,a scho la r, and a po e t . He died m 1454, and

h is e ldestso n was c reated Duke o f Infantado .

INTRODUCTION ix

quoted by Pierre Bo ntier and Jean le Verrier, the chaplains

to Jean de Bethencou rt,who wrote in 1404

1. Bethencou rt

,

having reconnoitred the Canary I s l ands and occu pied the

two easternmost of them,conceived the project of exploring

the A frican coast from Cape Boyado r, and reach ing the

R i o del O ro of wh ich he had heard . A s i t wa s des i rabl e

to obtai n al l avai l ab l e i n format ion ,h is chap la ins Bo ntier

and Verrier obta ined a copy of the Franc iscan’

s manu

script and t rans l ated the chapters relat ing to A fri ca . They

were pub l ished i n the work of Bo ntier and Verr ier , ed i ted

by Bergeron .

The earl ier cri t ics of the Franc iscan ’s narrat ive were

on ly acqu ainted with the fou r chapters given by the

chapla ins of Bethencou rt,who wrote in the i r chapter LVI I

that they om itted certain marvel lou s th ings l est thei r

readers shou ld th ink they were l ies . On the strength of

th is passage main ly,Bergeron remarks on the inexact i tude

of the h istor ica l and geographical data,and o n the confused

geography. Peschel says that the narrat ive of the friar

contains so many absu rd it ies that i t is l i ke a huge j oke ?

Buthe said,in another place

,that the friar gives an exce l lent

accou n t of Mel l i,i n the k ingdom of Go tan ie

,which places

he identifie s 3 . More l Fat io says that i t is wri tten from a

map s im i l a r to the Catalan portol ano of 1 37 5 . Su ch a

map is not known to have ex isted,and the date 1 37 5 is

mu ch too late . Mr Major,the ed i tor of the Engl ish

ed i t ion of Bo ntier and Verrier“,pronou nced agai nst the

1 The flag o f Majo rca given w i th th e ba rs diffe renc ed from th o seo f Arago n, is a pro o f th a t th e F ranc isca n wro te be fo re 1 375 whenP edro IV o f Arago n anne xed M ajo rca . (See p .

E spada give s th e se F rench ve rs ions o f the F ranc iscan’s na rra t ivein an a ppendi x .

O

Th e y are in ch ap te rs LV,LVI

,LV I I and LV I I I o f

Bonti er and Ve rr ie r.2 Gescfi z

’

c/zte der E rdkunde, p. 1 74 (7a ).

3 Gesclzz’

c/zte des Z ez’

ta lters der E ?zta'ecs g m .

4 Tfie Ca na n’

cm,o r bo ok o f th e co nqu est and c onve rsio n o f the

INTRODUCTION

au thent ic i ty of the Franc iscan’

s work a s a narrat ive of

travel . Referr ing to what the Franc iscan says abou t the

Eu phrates he is of opin ion that the work is a confused

compi lat ion of the geograph ica l t rad i t ions of the t ime , and

a of Ed ris i . Here my old friend is certa in ly

wrong,for the account of the Euphrates by the Franc iscan

is ent i rely d ifferent from that of Ed r is i . The fr iar d id

not derive h is i n format ion from that sou rce . D’

Ave z a c

bel ieved i n the Franc isc an’

s accou nt of h is having passed

Cape Boyado r. These cri t ics,Bergeron

,Pesche l

,D

’

Ave z a c

and M ajor on ly knew the work from the ext racts re lat ing

to A fri ca,given by Bo ntier and Verrier.

The op in ions of those who had stu d ied the who le work

must have more weight . Senor Espada,the Span ish ed itor

,

a scholar of profou nd erud i t ion and impart ial i n h is

judgments,came to the conclus ion that the Franc iscan

wa s a travel ler and not a mere compi ler of trad i t ions.

Mr Beaz ley,who u sed the L ibra del Conoscz

'

m im to for h is

Dawn of M odern Geog rapfiyl

,thinks that i t is a record

largely of an imaginary j ou rney. Baron Nordensk io ld,in

h is Perz'

plus came to a s im i l ar conc lus ion . He wrote I t

must not be supposed that the Franc iscan made al l the

j ou rneys recorded i n the L z

’

é ro del Conoscz'

m z’

ento .

There are obv iou s difficu ltie s with regard to the theory

that the Franc iscan wa s merely a compi ler . From what

cou ld he compi le ? Mr Major thought that h is accou nt

of the Euphrates wa s a ré aka zzfi‘

e’

of Ed ris i,b ut he was

mistaken 2. Th e friar wa s not indebted to Ed ris i . But

Ca na r ie s in 1402 b y M e ssire J ean de B e th enc ou rt,” t ra nslated and

edited by R. H . M ajo r (H a b l zzyt S o ci ety ,

1 1 1 1,10

, 4 16, 42 1 , 422 .

2 Th e F ranc isc an’s a cc o untw i l l b e fo und atp . 46. Edrisi wro te

So m e negro es th ink tha t th is c i t y (Kuku ) is on the sam e N i le , o the rso n o ne o f its a ffluents, bu t in re a l ity th e N i le pa sse s th ro ugh the

m iddle o f th e c i t y o f Kuku , and is a fte rwa rds lo st o ve r th e sa ndyp la ins o f the dese rt

,a nd then fo rm s lake s, e xa ctly a s the Euph ra te s

do e s in M e so po tam ia ”(Z a u bent, Clz

’

m a 1, S e c .

INTRODUCTI ON

h is period was"

too early for i t to be poss ib l e that he cou l d

have used any of the m edim va l au thori t ies on geography.

The l atest date he gives is 1 3481. H e may have written

i n 1 3 50 or fol lowing years. H is book is i ndeed one of

the very earl iest med iaeva l works on geography,i f not the

earl iest . The first known compass chart is the Carte

P isane ” of 1 300. That of Carignano was d rawn soon after

1 300, and ha s some Bal t i c towns and is l ands. These and

the map of Marino Sanudo (1 32 1 ) alone preceded h im .

A ugel l ino Da lo rto’

s map is dated abou t 1 330. The Lau ren

t ian Portolano 2 is supposed to date from 1 3 5 1 , b ut may be

l ater. O ther Porto lan i and maps are m u ch l ater,that of the

Piz igani 1 367 , the Catal an of Charles V of France 1 37 5—78 ,th e Valseca 143 1 , B i anca 1436, that of Fra Mau ro 14 5 7 ,

of

Ben incasa 1476. There wa s noth ing,with in h is reach

,from

which the Franc isca n cou l d pi rate h is narrat ive .

The friar cla ims to have v is i ted every part of the known

world . This cannot be conceded l i tera l ly. But he wa s

probab ly a great travel ler,and he d i l igent ly col lected al l

the geograph ical i n format ion he cou ld obtain , i n the various

places whither h is wanderi ngs took h im . At th is d istance

of t ime what he actual ly saw cannot a lways be separated

from what he heard .

The Franc iscan wa s the first to m ent ion and give the

names of most of the Canary I s l es,the Made i ras and A zores .

He also su ppl ies some in terest i ng part i cu l ars, gathered on

the spot,respect ing the fate of S o rb o ne V i valdo, when in

search of h is father Ugol ino, the leader of the Genoese

exped i t ion of 1 29 1 ad pa rtes I ndia er m a re Ocea num .

When he vis i ted Cologne and saw the tombs of the three

K ings,he obj ected that he had been shown thei r tombs

i n a c ity i n China . The statements respect i ng Gog and

Magog, original ly derived from the prophet Ezek iel,were

1 See p. 3 2 (note) .2 In Ba lde lli

’s cd. o f M a rco Po lo .

x i i INTRODUCTION

accepted by A rab geographers,whi le thei r local ity wa s

moved to the far north - east of As ia . The fr iar may wel l

have heard the t rad i t ion du r ing h is t ravels,b uth is a l leged

res idence i n the cast le of Magog cannot be accepted . H is

deta i led accounts of the Gu i nea coast and the i nterior of

A frica are pu zz l ing in some respects, b ut, a s Peschel ha s

shown,they prove a knowledge on ly to be deri ved from

in format ion at or nea r the local i t ies. This knowledge may

be due to contact w ith members of Genoese and Venetian

caravans which penetrated far i nto the interior from Cai ro,

Bugia and other points,du ring the fou rteenth centu ry

The Franc iscan wa s the first to fix the local i ty of Prester

John in A fri ca .

One very i nterest ing featu re of the L z

’

bro del Cow

scz

’

m z’

m to is that the tex t is i l lust rated by the arms,flags

,

or dev ices of al l the cou ntries , i n colou rs. There are a few

d ifferences i n the three cod i ces. This is the very earl iest

representat ion of the flags of al l nat ions .

From a geograph ica l point of V i ew the work of the

Franc iscan is important , because he was the first to describe

the Canary I s l ands , Madei ras and A zores ; and because he

wa s the first to give an accou nt of A fri ca sou th of the

A t las i n any detai l . He gives a clear and prec ise defin itio n

of the famous R i o del O ro,the N iger of Pto lemy and

Pl iny,the N il Gana of the A rab geographers, and the

modern Senegal . He goes on to describe S ierra Leone

and the Gu l f of Gu i nea . A ll th is is so exact that i t bears

the appearance of being based on persona l know ledge.

Butthe'

re st of h is not ices of equatoria l A fri ca are con fused

and seem to be from hearsay .

Senor Espada made researches to ascerta in the name

of the anonymous Franc iscan t ravel le r,who began and

ended h is t rave ls at Sevi l le , with the ass istance of Pad re

Fray Marce l l i no de C ivezza,the chron ic ler of the Franc iscan

order,b utwithou t success .

INTRODUCTION x i i i

The work was admirab ly ed i ted by my lamented friend

Do n Marcos J i menez de l a Espada , and h is l abou rs leave

noth ing to be desi red . I t is wel l and l earned ly annotated,

and there is a complete alphabet ica l i ndex of names with

attempts at ident ifi cat ions , more or less su ccessfu l . The

notes i n the present t rans l at ion are nearly al l those of the

Span ish ed i tor condensed . I have on ly added an index

of place names arranged under regions,to precede the

alphabet ica l i ndex,another referri ng to matters of h istorical

interest,and a few notes with C. R . M .

Do n Marcos J imenez de la Espada wa s an indefat igab l e

ed i tor of rare manuscripts ch iefly relat ing to the Span ish

conquest of Peru ,and the c iv i l isat ion of the I ncas. H is

learn ing wa s profou nd , h is judgment sou nd,h is indu st ry

marvel lou s . To these he added a most am iab le and ob l iging

d ispos i t ion , sparing no troub le to ass ist h is friends. I t wa s

i n my researches respect ing the voyages of Ped ro de

Sarm ien to espec ia l ly that I found h is hel p invaluab le . My

own copy of the L ibra del Cozzoscz’

m z

'

ezzto ha s i nscribed,in

my lamented friend’

s handwrit ing,my name en test imon io

de aprec io . M . J. de l a Espada .

TH I S BOOK

IS

A B OOK OF THE KNOWLEDGE OF ALL THE

KINGDOMS , COUNTR IE S AND LORD SH IPS THAT

THE RE ARE IN THE WORLD, AND OF THE

EN S IGN S AND ARMS OF EACH COUNTRY AND

LORDSH I P ALSO OF THE KINGS AND LO RDS

WH O GOVERN THEM .

In 1 the name of God the Father and Son and Holy

Ghost , three i nd iv idual persons i n one essence . I wa s born

i n the k i ngdom of Cast i l l e,i n the re ign of the very nob l e

K ing Do n Fernando so n of the very nob le King Do n

Sancho 2,when the era of the world , accord ing to the

Hebrews,wa s 5065 years

3,and the era of the deluge 4407

4,

and of Nebu chadnezzar of Chaldaea 2 502 years5,and of

A l exander the Great of Macedon ia 6 16 1 7 , and of Caesar

Emperor of Rome 1 343 , and of Christ 1 304 years7,and of

1 “E n e l nom bre ” &c . Th is is the initia l lette r E re fe rred to in

th e In t roduc t ion .

2 Sancho IV 1 284— 1 295

Fe rnando IV 1 295— 1 3 1 2

A lfonso X I 1 3 1 2—1 3 50

Pedro 1 3 50— 1 369

3 C rea t ion 376 1 B .C .

4 De luge 3 10 1 D.C. a cco rding to th e A lph onsine Tab le s.

5747 B.C .

63 1 2 B .C.

7 A l th o ugh th e re is an appa rent disc repanc y o f one be tween the

yea rs o f the H ebrew and Ch ristian era s quo ted a bo ve,the re is

p ro bab ly none in rea l i t y , fo r th e H ebrew N ew Ye ar‘

(Ti'

shri I st) c anfa l l on any date be twe en Sep t . 3 and O ct. 6, the re fo re Sep t . 1 1 in

1 304 A .D . m ay we l l h ave been 5065 A . 1\I .

M . B. K.

2 SPA IN

the A rabs 706 1 , on the 1 1th day of the month of September.There are i n the k ingdom of the said K ing 28 c i t ies and

many other towns, cast les , and vi l lages . Three of the c i t ies

are A rchb ishopri cs, nam e lyS ev ille ,Toledo , a nd Co m po ste lla ,

and 2 5 are B ishoprics , namely A lge sira s2,Cordova

,J aen

,

M u rc ia , Badaj os , Soria, C iudad Rod rigo, Z amora , Salamanca ,Plasenc i a, Avi l a, Segovia , Palenc ia , Cu enca , Osma, Astorga

,

Bu rgos, Leon , Oviedo, O rense, Tuy,Mondonedo

,Calahorra

,

S iguenza 3 ; and i n th is k ingdom there are fou r princ ipal

chains of mounta ins. The mountai ns of Biz caya which are

along the coast of the western sea,and are cont inued by

the heights of A stu rias ; the other chain they cal l the

mou nta i ns of Segovia, where there are many towns and

vi l l ages, the other they cal l the S ierra Morena , and the

fou rth is known as the S ierra de Segu ra,where two great

r ivers have thei r origin,namely the Gu adalqu i v i r

,anc ien tly

cal led the Bet is , pass i ng by Cordova and Sevi l le,and

enteri ng the se a at a place cal led Barrameda . The other

r iver, cal led the Segu ra, flows by Mu rc ia and enters the

Med i terranean near a place cal led Guadam ar. I n th is

k ingdom there are s ix great r ivers,the Gu adalqu iv i r

al ready ment ioned,the Tagus which flows by Toledo and

by San tarem and enters the western se a near a c i ty they

cal l L isboa in the k ingdom of Portugal . They cal l the

other -r iver Dou ro . I t flows by Z amora,and en ters the

western sea near the town they cal l Portogal lo . They

cal l the other r iver Guad iana,which flows by the c i ty of

Badaj os and enters the western sea at a p lace known a s

Cast ro Marin . The other is cal led the Ebro wh ich flows

1 622 A .D.

2 De l ive red to A lfonso X I a fter a long siege , by Ab u -l-H a san ,

K ing,r o f M o ro cco ,in 1 344. I t wo u ld

,the re fo re

,b e the m o st m ode rn

o f th e Spanish b ish op rics .

3 S ilves in A lga rve . Al fo nso X a ppo inted F ra y Ro be rto to th isb ish o pric 1 242 .

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PLATE 1

1 CASTILLE (S ) 2 PORTUGAL (s )

3 BAYON NE (s )

4 NAVARRE (s ) 4 NAVARRE (Nl

SPA IN—PORT UGAL—TO BAYONNE 3

by Tudela and Z aragoza,c i t ies of the k ingdom of A ragon

,

enteri ng the M ed i terranean by a c ity cal led Tortosa .

Know that th is k ingdom of Cast i l le and Leon has al l the

sea coast of the west a s far as Bayona the greater, and

borders on Navarre and A ragon and Granada. The

ens igns of the Kings of th is k i ngdom are a flag with

two cast l es and two l ions quarterly,l i ke these . (See

Pl ate 1,

I departed from the k ingdom of Cast i l le and went to

the k ingdom of Portugal 1 where I found fou r l arge c i t ies,

L isboa,Portogal lo

,Santarem and B raga

,and three great

rivers flow across it,the Tagu s

,Gu ad iana

,and Dou ro

al ready ment ioned . Th is k ingdom borders on the western

sea and the k ingdom of Cast i l l e and Leon . The arms of

th is k ingdom are cast les al l round and gu z'

im s i n the

m idd le. (See P l ate 1,

I departed from Portugal and went by the coast of the

western sea to the province of Gal i c ia,to the port of

Bayona the less g, and thence to Ponteved ra , and thence to

Santander,and thence to Cast ro Urd iales and thence to

B i lbao,and thence to San Sebast ian

,al l of wh ich is the

coast l and of the K ing of Cast i l l e . Thence I went to

Bayona the greater wh ich is i n Gascony . I t is seated

on the western se a,near the Pyrenean mou ntains . Th e

Lord of th is Bayona h a s for h is flag white wi th a cross

red 3 . (See Plate 1,

I l eft Bayona and entered Navarre,a very rich k ingdom

in which there are th ree great c i t ies,to wit Pamplona

,

K ing D in is 1 279— 1 3 23

Affo nso IV 1 323— 1 33 7

P edro I 1 3 57— 1 367

2 On the we st c o a st o f Ga l ic ia , ne a r th e m o u th o f the M ino .

C . R . M .

3 B ayonne wa s th en unde r the K ing o f England. C. R . M .

I —2

4 NAVARRE—TOULOUSE

Tude la and Estel a . Three great r ivers flow through it,

the Ebro, S inca , and S igne. The King of it1 ha s for a s ign

the flag as fol lows ? (See P late 1 ,I departed from Navarre a nd c rossed the Pyrenees

wh ich reach to the cou ntry of Am puria , and i n these

mou ntains fou r great r ivers have thei r rise. They cal l the

fi rst S inca , the second S igre , the th i rd Giron and the fou rth

Ebro . On the left s ide of these mou ntai ns is the country

of Bu rdeos 3 and Lim o g ine s“ and Arm efi aque fl and Piteo s

and the nob l e c ity of Tolosa“,where the l ibera l arts are

stud ied,and the Lord of th is Tolosa ha s for h is s ign a red

flag with a cross of gold . (See Plate 11 ,I l eft Tolosa and tu rned along the coast of the cou ntry

of Bu rde o , and then to Rochela, a r ich c ity of France, and

thence I went to the poin t of S anm a e which is i n the

Sanch o e l fue rte 1 194

Blanca =Th eob a ld I o f Cham pagne

Theo ba ld 1 1 1 234

Enrique 1 270

Juana z Ph ilippe le Be l

Lo u i s X 1 3 1 3

Juan= Com te d’Evreux

Ch a rles the Bad 1 343

Cha rles th e N o b le 1 387

Blanca = Juan I I o f Arago nr

Ca rlo s Leo no reP r inc e o f Co m tesse deViana F01x

The K ing o f N ava rre and h is kn ights bro ke the cha in wh ichde fended th e a ppro ach to th e A lm ohade Su ltan’s ten t, at th e batt le o f

La s N a va s de To lo sa in 1 2 1 3 . F rom tha t t im e th e K ings o f N ava rrebore the cha in on th e ir co a t o f a rm s, and on the i r flag . C . R. M .

3 B o rdeaux . 4 L im o ge .

5 Arm agna c .

6 To u lo use .

5 TOULOUSE (s ) 5 TOULOUS E (R) 5 TOULOUS E (N )

6 FRANCE (8 )

7 FLANDERS (s )8 GERMANY (s )

FRAN CE 5

province of Bretafi e a,thence to the Gu l f of Sam a lo l , and

thence to the province of Normand ia . A ll these are in the

k ingdom of Franc ia,where there are many c it ies

,towns

and vi l lages . Leav ing Normand ia along the coast , I came

to the Gu l f of Loi ra into wh ich enters a great river which

they cal l Saina 2 which traverses the whole k ingdom of

France, and passes through the centre of the great ci ty of

Paris . I t enters the sea i n the Gu l f of Loi ra,and from th is

gu l f to Paris there are fou r days j ou rney . Know that the

k ingdom of France borders on the Med i terranean where

there is a c i ty cal led Narbonne,and on the A l ps of A lsace

and on the coasts of Flanders , and al l the coasts of

Gascuena to the Pyrenees. The King of France has three

fleu rs de lys of gold . (See P late 1 1 ,I l eft Paris and went to Roan and Chalon and thence to

a c ity on the coast wh ich they cal l D iepa i n the k ingdom

of France,and I l eft i t and reached a rich c i ty cal led

Cales which is i n the provi nce of Pi cardy . Know that from

this Cales to the is l and of England is a short cross i ng of

8 mi les 3 . I departed from Cales and went to the country

of Flanders,to a nob le c i ty wh ich they cal l Bru j as“. Th e

l ord of that cou ntry ha s a flag— gold with a b l ack l ion .

(See P late 11,

Thence I went along the coast to a c ity whi ch they cal l

Solanda 5 and thence to another cal led Maxa“,and to

another Leo b e c which are c it ies of Germany . Thence I

passed to the great and ri ch c i ty of Dodre c ’,cross i ng a

great river wh ich they cal l Rinus,having its origi n i n the

German A l ps. This river passes by Colona,a great c i ty of

Germany . I n th is c i ty they say that the three Magian

Kings are i nterred , who worshipped Jesu s Christ i n Belem .

Butwhen I t ravel led in the empi re of Cataya I wa s i n a

1 St M a lo .

2 The Se ine .

3 League s ?4 B ruge s.

5 Zee land.

6 M a a strich t ? 7 Do rdrech t .

6 RHONE AND DANU BE

c i ty ca l led So l i n 1 and they showed me three highly revered

monuments and they were in honou r of the three M agian

K ings who adored J esu s Chr ist , and they said that they

were nat ives of that c ity . I n th is Germany there are some

very high mounta ins which they ca l l the German A lps .

Two r ivers rise i n them,one cal led Ru edano 2 which flows

by a c i ty cal led Leon 3,and u n ites with another very large

river com ing from the A l ps of A lsace . They flow past

Lu cdevic and Av ino n“,a c i ty where the Pope res ides

,and

enter the Med i terranean Sea near a c i ty they cal l A r le.

These c it ies are in the k ingdom of Pro engia . They cal l

the other r iver Rinus and i t flows by the c i ty of Co lo f’

i e

which I have al ready referred to,and enters the German

Sea . The other r iver is cal led Danub i o . I t t raverses al l

Germany and en ters the m idd l e of the k ingdom of Ungria ,

form ing ten l arge is l ands . (Fu rther on I wi l l relate how

they make a great lake of sweet water,in the province of

Barbaria 5 wh ich they cal l Danoye6 Lake

,near a c i ty cal led

Karispo na7

) , and enters the province of Grim an ia near a

c i ty they cal l Tu snae. A fterwards the Danub i o enters the

province of Pano n ia,and goes by Patan ia and Eb ru c and

V i ana 9 and Arru z varl ",and afterwards enters the k ingdom

of Ungria and , cross i ng the whole of it, enters the greater se a

by a ci ty wh ich they cal l Ve sina “ . A fter that i t forms a very

la rge is l and . The Emperor of Germany 12 ha s for h is device a

fiag—yel low with a b l ack eagle c rowned 13 . (See P late 11 ,

1 Acc o rding to M a rc o P o lo th e th re e K ings we re bu ried at Saba,

a to wn in Pe rsia , 50 m i le s S W. o fTeh e ran. The Ca ta lan m ap p la cesthe ir tom bs in Easte rn Tu rkes tan. One Ch u rch legend wa s that th e ywe re bu ried in H adram a utwh ence th e Em pre ss H e lena had the bodie sc onve yed to M i la n. F rede r ic k Ba rba ro ssa rem o ved them to Co logne .

2 Rho ne .

3 Lyo ns. 4 Av ignon.

5 Ba va ria .

‘5 Lake o f Donausch ingen .

7 Ra t isbo n .

8 Thurm a stau f.

9 Vienna .

10 H ede rva r . 11 W iddin .

‘2 Cha rle s IV K ing o f Boh em ia 1 349—1 3 78, Fathe r o fth e Em pero rs

Wence sla u s and S igism o nd.

13 Ashm o le gives the Em pero r S igism ond 1 376—14 19 a do ub le

headed eag le .

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PLATE 8

9 FRIS IA (s ) 10 BOHEM IA (S )

11 LITEFAM IA (s ) 12 POLAND (s )

FR IS IA .AND DENMARK 7

I departed from Co lo fi a and went to a c ity cal led

Colanda 1 in the k ingdom of Fris i a . I then passed over a

great r iver which they cal l A lb i a 2,r is i ng i n the mou ntains

of Boem ia . Here the German Sea form s the great Gu l f of

Frisa,and i n that gu l f there are fou r isl ands . One is

cal l ed Rayna 3,another Erri a“

,another Fino nia 5

,another

Ganglante‘i The King of Frisia ’s device is a flag—gold

with th ree long b l ack l ions. (See Plate 111 ,

I l eft the k ingdom of Fris i a and presently entered the

k ingdom Dac ia of the Danes which is al l su rrounded by

the German Sea ’,and on the other s ide is the Gu l f of

Frisa,so that th is k ingdom on ly ha s o ne s i ngle entrance .

I n i t there are twelve great c i t ies . The l argest is cal led

Burb ena s,a nd i n i t they crown the K ings of Dac ia .

Another they cal l Burga lensis",another Biva ,

another

Ab enb ruc l ",another Fandeu z “

,another Artu z ”

,another

Arensw,another Ardo nep

“,another Dam e sm are , another

Corp“,another Dando ra m

,another Das i a

,another Bon ia .

From th is poin t to No rvega the d istance is 60 miles. The

King of th is Dac ia ha s for h is device a flag— gold with three

b l ack 17 l ions . Device on the flag the same a s Fris ia .

I departed from the k ingdom of Dac ia and retu rned to

Germany,to a c i ty cal led Lubec wh ich is i n the dukedom

ofXaxo nia,thence to Ro sg ot

m,and thence to Bo ndism aguc

19

which are c i t ies of Upper Germany ,and thence to a c ity

cal led Grisua ldiz 20 o n the banks of great l ake cal led

A lecho n . Pass i ng th is I then went to a c ity cal led

1 H o l la nd.

2 E lbe .

4 Am rom .

5 Fanno .

7 Ba l tic .

8 Vibo rg.

1° Ab rensb ok (in H o lste in) .12 Aa rhus.

13 Odensee .

15 Go tto rp .

1“D onde r (Sle swig ) .17 Sh ou ld b e a zu re w i th a fie ld or sem é e o f h ea rts gu le s.

"3 R o sto ck .

19 Lude rshagen .

2° G re ifswa ld.

8 GERMANY— BOHEM IA

Co rveric ‘, thence to Esco rpe

2 and thence to another c i ty

cal led Dans icha 3 . By th is Dans icha there passes a great

river cal led Turo nie 4 which rises i n the Bohem ian mou ntains

and fa l ls i n to the Sea of Germany .

I n the k ingdom of Boem ia there are seven great c i t ies,

Grisna , Posna s, S i rca“, No xia ",the l argest cal led Praga 8

where they crown the King of Boem ia . Th is Praga is al l

su rrou nded by a lofty range which they ca l l the mou nta ins

of Boem ia . I n the m idd l e there is a great plateau,and i n

its centre is the c i ty su rrounded by a great r iver cal led

A lb i a ". A nother l arger r iver also rises in those mou ntai ns

ca l led Vanda lo r10 near an ex tens ive land ca l led A va nda lia “.

I n anc ien t t imes the people of Avanda lia conqu ered

A ndalus i a of Spa in and gave i t that name . Th e King of

Boem ia has for h is device a flag—white wi th a red l ioncrowned . (See P late 111

,

I l eft BOEM IA and went to a province which they cal l

SANT NUR IO,and to another the name of wh ich wa s

CURCON IA and CULMAN which are great provinces between

Germany and the greater sea,and though i t may be that

they are i nhab i ted by Christ i ans st i l l they are sch ismat ics

and I arr ived at two great c i t ies between the greater se a

a nd the Sea of Germany cal led LITEFAMA and CATALANT

between the greater sea and the German Sea . I t is a very

popu lou s l and and the King of i t ha s for a dev i ce a white

flag with th is s ign . (See Plate 111 ,I left LITEFAMA and entered the k ingdom of POLON IA

where there are five great c i t ies, the largest being SANTA

MAR IA where they crown the k ings . A nother they cal l

RI NALIA ,another VQ IBANT,

another UNGRADIA , another

VIRONA,and i t is known that between the two c it ies of

1 Co lbe rg .

2 S to lpe in Po m e ra nia .

3 Danz ig.

4 Th o rne giv ing its nam e to the Vistu la .

5 Po sen ? S ie radz. 7 N o ssen .

8 P ragu e .

9 E lbe .

‘0 Vadahes . Va nda l ia .

PLATE 4

1 3 LEON (s ) LEON

14 SWEDEN (s )

15 GOTLANDIA (s ) 1 5 GOTLANDIA

16 NORWAY (s )

POLAND—GALIC IA 9

UNGRADIA ancl VIRONA there flows a great river wh ich

r ises i n a great lake,ca l led TANAI Z , of which I shal l say

more fu rther o n. And they say that th is ri ver en ters the

German Sea,which is a gu l f of the western se a . For the

German Sea is a gu l f which enters the western se a a s fa r

a s the province of PALON IA,pass ing between Germany and

the No rweg ia n moun ta i ns . A lso by th is PALON IA another

flows : a very great river which is said to rise in the snows

o f the TRASMONTANA,a nd to form a great lake near

VIRONA . Th e Ki ng of POLON IA ha s for h is des ign a green

flag with th is s ign i n red . (See Plate 111,I l eft the k ingdom of POLON IA and wen t to the

k ingdom of LEON which the Germans cal l LUMBREC l i n

wh ich there are five great c it ies. They cal l the first LEON ,

another CH INA,another VASADINO ,

another TINEZ . I t

must be known that th is k ingdom of LEON 2 borders o n the

province of RUMEN IA 3,and with the k ingdom of SUAVA“.

The King has a green flag wi th a red cross a s is here shown .

(See P late IV,

A fter th is I tu rned to the other coast of the German

Sea 5,to the part of the TRASMONTANA be ing the land of

Eu rope which I wi l l ment ion fu rther o n . I en tered a great

provin ce they cal l SUEVIA and fou nd a c ity cal led RODERIN 6

very rich and popu lou s though the l and is very cold . I t

has i n i t n ine c it ies,to w it

LAND IS”,YSTAT“

,FORMEANS ”. I n th is k ingdom there are

two great lakes,one cal led ESCARSE and the other ESTOCOL .

The King of th is SUEVIA has for h is device a yel low flag

with two red l ions fac i ng each other i n the way a s fol lows“.

(See P late IV,

1 Lem be rg .

3 L i vo n ia .

4 Swab ia .

5 Ba l t ic .

7 Ska rsta .

3 Co a s t nea r Lund.

9 W'

exio .

10 Lund.

1 1 I stad.

12 Sode rm an .

13 Th e Duke o f Gue ldarlund had two l io ns ram pant c om ba tant, b utth ey we re c o un te r-ch anged o r a nd a zure .

I O SWEDEN—NORWAY

I l eft the c i ty of RODERIN and,going on board a sh ip

,

I passed to an island they cal l GOTLANDIA wh ich is i n the

German Gu l f,and on th is isl and there is a great c i ty cal led

BISUY 1 i n wh ich there are n inety parishes,and the is land is

wel l peopled . There is a sma l l er is l and ca l led OXILIA .

The King of these is l ands ha s a flag of gold and pu rple

bars. (See P late IV,

I departed from GOTLANDIA and wen t to a provin ce

which is between SUEVIA and NORUEGA cal l ed GOT IA .

There I fou nd three great c i t ies,the firstESTOCOL another

CA LMAN 3, and another SURDEPINCHE 4

. Th i s c i ty of

ESTOCOL faces the German Sea,a great gu l f o n the shores

of wh ich there are many c it ies . The water of th is gu l f

gets frozen from the cold of the TRASMONTANA. The

people of th is GOTIA conqu ered Spain and were the Lords

of it for a long t ime . The devices of th is k ingdom are a

yel low flag with two red l i ons fac ing each other a s for

Su ev ia .

I departed from GOTIA and ascended the lofty mou nta ins

of NORUEGA which is'

a very st rong k ingdom contai n ing

three great c i t ies. They cal l the la rgest REG IS 5 where

they crown the k ings,another is cal led N IDROXIAG

,another

TRONDE 7,another TRUNBEREC B. I n the mou ntains of this

NORUEGA they breed many b i rds,Gz

‘

rz'

fa ltes, A goras and

fa lcones : also many herce beasts, white ja va/z'

s and wh ite

bears. They say that a pri nce, so n of the King of NORUEGA ,

conqu ered the cou ntry of Flanders i n the t ime of King

A rthu r of B r i tai n ". And be i t known that th is NORUEGA

towards the north is u n inhab i ted , and that the year makes

one day for six months,and another s ix months n ight ,

1 W isby.

2 S to ckh o lm .

3 Ca lm a r. 4 So nderkOping .

5 Be rgen .

5 N idaro s.

7 Trondhjem .

8 Tonsbe rg.

9 The Kn igh t o fth e Swan re scued B ea tr ice , daughter o f Th ie rry I I Io f C le ve s, from her o ppre sso rs, m a rr ied her a nd fo unded a dyna sty in

F lande rs. Butthe Kn ightwa s nota N o rweg ian .

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17 SCOTLAND (s ) 18 ENGLAND (s )

19 GRANADA (s ) 20 ARAGO N (s )

BALTIC ISLES—SCOTLAND I I

and there are men who have thei r heads fixed on thei r

b reasts wi th no necks whatever,b ut I d id not se e them l

.

The King of th is Noru ega2 ha s for h is device a flag

gold wi th a b l ack l ion . (See P late IV,

I departed from Noru ega in a sh ip of the Engl ish,and

we shaped a cou rse to the west 3,and came to an is l and

cal l ed IN SOLA COLA“, then to one cal led LISTER 5 and then

we came to another cal led IN SOLA BONDOLA“,and then

another very large cal led SALANDA wh ich is at the entrance

o f the Gu l f of FRISA al ready men t ioned . Th is is land of

SALANDA 7 is very popu lou s and ha s three great c i t ies

cal led SALANDI S,RI SENT

9, ESCOND IN

”,ALENDA“. Th e

King of th is is land h a s for h is device a flag— gold with a

b l ack l ion,a s i n NORUEGA .

I l eft the isl and of SALANDA in the sa id sh ip and we

made a long voyage,arr ivi ng at another is l and cal led T I LLE”,

and from thence we came to the isl and of ESCOC IA,a nd

found in i t fou r c it ies,o ne cal led DONFRES

B,another

ENERUIC14

,an0th er VERUIC” . The King 16 of th is ESCOC IA

has for h is device a red flag wi th th ree long l ions of gold ”.

(See P late V,

1 Th i s be l i e f in peo p le w itho u t ne cks is m en t ioned by P l iny,So linus and o the rs .

2 The K ing o f N o rwa y wa s th en M agnu s Sm ek (1 3 19—74) whom a rried B lanch e o f N am u r . H is so n H a akon m a rried M a rga re t o fDenm a rk a nd the k ingdo m s we re un i ted unde r h er in 1 38 1 . M agnu sSm ek wa s a lso K ing o f Sweden.

3 A m istake . A we s t c o u rse wo u ld no t take h im to O land.

4 O land.- 5 Liste rby nea r Ca rlscro na .

6 B o rnho lm .

7 Ze e land.

8 Co penh agen.

9 Ringsted.

1° S to r H edding.

11 Lea land.

12 Te lem a rken in th e so u th o f No rwa y .

13 Dum frie s.

14 Edinbu rgh .

15 B e rw ick .

Ro be rt B ruce 1 306—1 329

Dav id B ruce 1 3 29— 1 37 1

R o be r t S tua r t 1 3 7 1 1 39017

.

He gives the a rm s o f Eng la nd for Sc o t land. He wa s the re inth e tim e o f Da v id B ruce wh o m a rried an Eng l ish princ e ss. He m ayha ve seen h er a rm s o n a flag in Scotland. C . R . M .

1 2 ENGLAND—I RELAND

I departed from the land of ESCOC IA and came to the

k ingdom of INGLATERRA . Know that i t is a very we l l

popu l ated count ry and that i t conta ins eleven great c it ies .

The largest,where they crown thei r Ki ng ,is cal led LONDRES ‘,

and another GUNSA 2 where are the general stud ies, another

ANTONA 3, others BRISTOL, ARTAMUA“, PREMUA 5

,and M I RA

FORBA G. I n a prov ince they cal l GALES there is a great

c i ty cal led DIRGALES which is a lordship of INGLATERRA .

Th e King of those lands has for h is arms on a flag quarterly

i n two quarters fleu rs de lys gold on a fie ld azu re , because

the K ing 7 is of the house of France,and i n the other two

quarters i n each one on a fie ld gu l es three ounces gold .

(See P late V,

I left INGLATERRA in a boat and reached the is l and of

I RLANDA wh ich is a short c ross i ng of a m i le . They say

that formerly i t was ca l l ed I BERN IA . Know that i t is a we l l

peopled is land with a good cl imate,and that there are th ree

great c it i es i n it. Th e ch ief one, where they crown the

Kings,is ESTANFORDA S

,the others YMERIA g

, GATAFORDA‘O,

R015“

,and DONBEL IN ”. I n this is l and there is a great

lake”,and they say that the l ake bri ngs good fortune

,

because many enchantments were made on its banks i n

anc ien t t imes . The King of th is is l and has the same arms

a s the King of INGLATERRA .

Being in I RLANDA I sa i led i n a sh ip bou nd for Spain ,

1 Lo ndon .

2 W indso r ? 3 So u tham p to n .

4 Da rtm o u th .

5 P lym o u th .

5 M i lfo rd.

1 Edwa rd I 1 272— 1 307

Edwa rd I I 1 307— 1 327

Edwa rd I I I 1 3 27— 1 377

Richa rd I I 1 377— 1 399

3 S trangfo rd.

9 Lim e rick .

19 Wa te rfo rd.

1‘ Ro s .

13 Dub l in.

13 Th is LAGO AFO RTUNADO is a lso so c a l led in the Cata lanporlu lc mos and in th o se o f Va lseca and B en inc a sa

NORTHERN ISLES 1 3

and went with those on that ship on the h igh se a,for so

l ong that we arrived at an is l and cal led ETERNS1 and

another cal led ARTAN IA2 and another ca l led Q ITILANT

3,

and another cal l ed I BERN IA“. A ll these isl ands are in the

part where the sun sets i n the month of J une , and they are

al l peop led,wel l su pp l ied and with a good c l imate . I n

th is is land of IBERN IA there are trees and the fru i t that they

bear are very fat b i rds. These b i rds are very good eat ing

whether bo i led or roasted . The m en i n th is is l an d are

very long l ived,some l ivi ng 200 years. They are born and

brought up i n a way which makes them u nab le to d ie i n

the isl and , so that when they become very weak they are

taken away and d ie presen tly . I n th is is la nd there are no

snakes nor vipers,nor toads

,no r fl ies

,nor spiders

,nor any

other venomous th ings . [In th is IBERN IA there is an

arch iep iscopal c i ty cal led DUBIL 1N 5,] and the women are

very beau t i fu l though very s imple . I t is a land where

there is not as mu ch b read a s yo u may want,b ut a great

abundance of meat and m i lk . Know that th is is l and is

ou ts ide the seven c l imates . Th e King of th is isl and h a s

for h is device the same flag— gold wi th a b l ack l ion—a s

the K ing of NORU EGA .

A fter th is I departed from the is l and of IBERN IA i n a

ship , a nd voyaged so far over the western se a that we

s ighted the Cape of Fin isterre,and arr ived at Ponteved ra

i n the province of Gal i c ia . Thence I went to a town i n

the k ingdom of Cast i l l e,a s I ment ioned before

,which

they cal l TARI FA . I t wa s fou nded by a very powerfu l

A rab named TAR IF . Near th is town ALBUAQEN ,King of

al l the land of the west,wa s defeated and conquered by

the very nob l e K ing Do n A l fonso of Cast i l l e , who p i l laged

al l h is ten ts,and took h is t reasu res

,h is women

,and h is

1 Fa ro e I sles.

2 O rkne ys.

3 Sh e t land I sles .

4 I c e land. An e rro r o f a c o py ist .5 An inte rpo la t io n by a c o p y ist .

14 GRANADA

ho rses l . I departed from TARIFA and went to the c i ty of

ALJEZ IRA where is the rock of G IBRALTAR,bei ng places

i n the dom in ions of the King of Cast i l le . Thence I went

to MALAGA a very luxu riou s c i ty of the k ingdom of

GRANADA . I n th is k i ngdom there are three c i t ies. The

grandest,where they crown the Kings

,is GRANADA ,

the

others MALAGA and ALMERIA . Th is k ingdom is bounded

by the Med i terranean and the k ingdom of Cast i l le. I n

th is k ingdom there is a very lofty range of mountains

cal led the S IERRA DE GRANADA which ex tends over the

whole cou ntry a s far a s LORCA which is in the k i ngdom of

Cast i l l e. The device of th is King is a red flag with A rab i c

letters of go ld su ch a s MAHOMAD the i r prophet bore 2

(See P late V,

I departed from the k ingdom of Granada and went

to the k ingdom of A ragon , a very rich and wel l suppl ied

k ingdom . I found five great c i t ies in it. The ch ief one ,

where the Kings are crowned,is ZARAGOZA

,the others

VALENC IA, TARRAGONA ,

TORTOSA and BARCELONA . The

r ive r EBRO runs through th is k ingdom,and the river S INCA .

I t is bounded by Navarre, Cast i l le , France , and the Pyrenees .

The King has for h is device n ine pa les gu l es a nd 013. (See

Plate V,

I l eft Barcelona and wen t a long the coast to the cou n try

of AMPURIA and thence to the c i ty of NARBONA which is

by the shore of the M ed i terranean Sea . The Lord of i t

ha s a wh ite flag wi th a red cross l i ke that of TOLOSA,and

1 Th is wa s th e ba t t le o f Sa lado whe re the K ing o f Ca st il le ,A lfonso X I , de fea ted Ab u - l -hasa n Ali K ing o f M o ro cc o o n 28 Oct.

1 340. So tha t o ur F ranc iscan wa s th e re som e yea rs a fte r 1 340 .

C . R. M .

9 Sho u ld b e v llé N) 5 ,Wet z

’

l g a lz'

é l'

ll A llak, No co n

quero r b ut God.

”

3 The a rm s o f B a rc e lo na , ado pted by A ragon wh e n the h e i ress o fthatkingdom m a rried th e Ba rce lo na Co unt. The sh ie ld wa s o rigina l lyg o ld, bu t a fte r a batt le R a ym o nd B erenge r, Co un t o f B a rc e lo na , w ipedh is b lo ody huge rs down it. H ence fo rwa rd i t wa s orfi ve pa les g u les .

C . R. M .

PLATE 6

21 NARBONNE (s ) NARBON N E (N)

22 GENOA

23 PISA (s ) 23 PISA (N)

24 ROME (s ) 24 ROME (N)

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16 ROME—NAPLES—S IC ILY

and flows by the Sea of ANTONA 1,and the patr imony

,

entering the se a , ha lf land,at the port of Rome. From these

mountains of ALBERN IA comes another very great r iver

cal led A rno , which flows through Tuscany to Florence and

fal ls i n to the Sea of P isa . Th e dev ices of Rome are a red

flag wi th a gold bar o n which are letters . (See P late V I ,Rou nd th is c i ty of Rome are the SANTA SEBRA

,and other

c i t ies OSTIA ,TARAGONA

2,GAERA "

,MONDRAGON “. Know

that Rome,Pisa

,Tuscany

,and the l ands of the pri nc ipal i ty

a re between the Med i terranean Sea and the Gu l f of Ven ice .

These are the arms of Rome . (See P late V I ,

I l eft Rome,went to the ROMANA and the pri nc i pal i ty

,

and arr ived at Napl es,a very luxu riou s, wel l supp l ied , and

p leasant land i n which are the provinces of PU LLA 5,and

CALABRIA . There are many ri ch c i t ies, the princ ipa l ones

being SURENTI G, SALERNO ,POLICASTRO

,STALEA ’

,REZO S

,

GIRAZ Og,

TARANTO ,ENTRANTO ,

BRENDI Z O “,

MONAPOL I , VAR , BARLETO , MONFRODOYE , PESCARA ,Z CH I

LAZO”. The King of Naples has for h is devi ce a pu rp le

flag with gold fleu rs de lys , for he is of the House of France .

Above is a red s l ip wh ich they ca l l a l abel“. (See P late V I I ,2

I departed from Naple s and wen t over to the is land of

S ic i ly,a short passage . I t is very luxu rious and wel l

suppl ied . There are i n i t e ight l arge c it ies, namely MEQ INA,

CATAN IA , cARAGo cA“,GIRENT1

1 5,TRAPANA I“

,PA LERMO ,

CAFALLU",PAR I 18 and ELREY . Th is S ic i ly ha s a flag

parted per sal t i re, two quarters argent w i th eagles sab l e,

the other two bars gu l es and o r,for the K ing is of the

House of A ragon . (See P late V I I ,

1 Anco na . Te rrac ina .

3 Ga eta .

4 M o n te Drac o ne .

5 Apu l ia .

9 So rrento .

7 S ca lea .

3 Regg i o .

9 G ira c e .

19 Co t rone .

1 1 Br indisi . 13 Squ i l la ce .

13 P u rpu re sem é e de fle urs de lys o r, a labe l gu le s .

14 Syracuse .

15 G i rgen t i . 19 Tra pani .17 Ce fa lu .

13 Patti .

PLATE 7

NAPLES (s ) 25 NA'

PLES

26 S IC ILY (s )

27 VEN ICE (s ) 28 ESCLAVONIA (s )

VEN ICE—DALMATIA 1 7

Here in S ic i ly I went on board a gal ley and retu rned

to the coast of Naples,to G1RAZ O 1

,going thence to the

c i ty of ENTRANTO wh ich is at the end of the Gu l f of

Ven ice . I went thence to BRANDIZ A2. Then

,tak ing the

left s ide of the gu l f,by Naples

,I went by PESCARA

,

ANTONA 3, and RAVENA to the c i ty of VENEQIA which is

at the head of the gu l f on the sea . I t is bou nded by

Lombardy and the Sea of ANTON,and by the land of the

patr imony,and to the east by ESCLAVON IA . The Lord of

th is Ven ice ha s for h is flag—argent,a winged l ion gu l es

l ik e .the l ion of St Mark . (See Plate V I I ,I departed from Veneci a in the same gal ley and coasted

along the s id e of ESCLAVON IA pass i ng by a c i ty cal led

AQUYLEA4, and another cal l ed TRIESA 5

. Thence I went

to PARE NZO,and arrived at a c i ty they cal l SENA which is

in ESCLAVON IA and another cal led JARA G. The King of

th is ESCLAVON IA ha s for h is devi ce a yel low flag i n ha lves,the red hal f near the hoist ha s a whi te sta r and the other

hal f is yel low . (See Plates V I I , 28 and V I I I,

I n the k ingdom of ESCLAVON IA there is a very high

mountai n wh ich is cal led BOX INA7 where fou r r ivers rise .

One is cal led SAR S,another RABA 9

,another UR and another

RAREZA 10. A ll these rivers en ter the k ingdom of UNGRIA

and u n ite wi th the great r iver Danube which rises i n the

A l ps of Germany. NOW'

th is l and of BOXINA 1 1 marches

with Germany and PANON IA and UNGRIA,

and the

moun ta ins are in its cen tre , and they are mou ntains wel l

peopled,with a wel l su ppl ied l and

, b ut they are no t

Cathol i c Chr ist ians,and the Ki ng of these mountains ha s

the same arms a s those of the King of ESCLAVON IA .

1 Ge ra ce .

2 B rindisi .4 Aqu i lea .

5 Tr ieste .

7 B o sn ia .

3 Save .

19 Tr ibu ta ry of th e Ra ab .

M . B. K .

1 8 BOSN IA—DALMATIA

I departed from BOX INA and went a long the coast to

the c i ty of JARA , thence to S I NBOCHON 1and thence to

NARENT2. The King of th is land ha s for h is devi ce a flag

qu arterly pu rpu re and argen t . (See Plate V11 1 ,W i th th is NARENT there marches a c i ty cal led

DULQECNO3 which , with the adj acen t mou n tainous coun try

is very pleasant and wel l suppl ied . W i th th is k ingdom of

AQERUYA marches the k ingdom of BURGARIA and the

k ingdom of BARAZE 4 wh ich are i n the province of

ESCLAVON IA . I n these mou nta ins two very great r ivers

have thei r r ise, one cal led DRANOYA 5,the other P IRUS “

,

which flow into the k ingdom of UNGRIA ,fa l l ing into the

great r iver Danube and form ing i n UNGRIA ten is l ands .

They cal l the firstUNGRIA LA MAYOR whence the k ingdom

of UNGRIA took its name . The nex t they cal l JAUR IN ’,

the nex t BUDA,the nex t FIRM IA S

,the nex t S IGNA "

,the nex t

MAQESNOIO,the nex t DRI NAGO ,

the nex t POSGA“,the nex t

UNGRIA LA MENOR , the next SERV IA . A ll the rivers that

form these is land s enter the great se a near a c i ty cal led

VEC; INA12 of wh ich I wi l l wri te fu rther o n . Know that i n

th is UNGRIA there are many rich c it ies,to wi t UNGRIA

,

QEUANA13,CASOC

14,BIUER

“,CASTRO

,FERRUN , JAURIN ,

SERV IA,STRUGONUM ,

BAGAMOS,BEAG,

DRI NAGO,SALADINO

,

Como rn Bahryva evi Ba ch Varasdin

MYRRIU,and many others . Th is k ingdom of UNGRIA

Esz eln

marches with Greece and Germany,Esc lavon ia

,and

Bolon ia and Burgaria . The flag of th is k ingdom is parted

1 Sebe n i co in Da lm ati a .

2 In Da lm atia atthe m o u th o f the Na renta3 Du lc igno .

4 D u ra zzo .

5 Ep irus o r Dr ina .

7 Yarav in .

9 S igretine z .

1° M a nne rsdo rf.1 1 P o sga be twe en Sa ve and Dra ve .

12 W iddin.

13 Sh onac .

14 Ca schow.

15 Biwo r on the Danube .

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PLATE 9

34 RHODES

3 5 SATALIA (s ) 3 5 SATALIA (n)

3 6 TURQU lA 8 6 TURQ UIA (n) 3 6 TURQ UIA (R)

3 7 CORINCHO (s )

HUNGARY 19

per fess, upper hal f wi th fleurs de lys of France because the

King is of the House of France 1,the lower hal f bars gu les

and argent . (See P late V111 ,I departed from the k i ngdom of Hu ngary and went

along the coast to a c i ty cal led DURAZO. There I took

sh ip and proceeded to the is land of the MOREA . I n i t

there are seven great c i t ies,to wi t TRAREOZ A

,PATRAS

,

CORANTOQ

,N EAPOL I g

,MARBAXA , COLON ,

MUTAM .

I l eft the is l and of the MOREA and went to the isl and

of RODAS where there is a rich c i ty cal led CRETA . This

is l and belongs to the order of St John . (See P lates V111 , 32

and 1X,

I left the is l and of Rhodes and went to the is l and of

Cand i a,and thence to another isl and they cal l Negropon t

which the Venet ians conqu ered . I l eft the entrance to the

greater se a a nd Constan t inople,which I wi l l descr ibe

fu rther o n,to my left

,a nd wen t to the c ity they cal l

SATALIA of Greek Chr ist ians . Th is SATALIA is part of the

provi nce of NATUR I 4. Th e King of th is SATALIA ha s for

h is device a flag with bars wavy argent a nd pu rpu re and

over al l the s ign of So lomon ’

s sea l . (See Pl ate IX ,

The c i ty of Satal ia a nd S inb ich o n ,and others a s far a s

the lesser A rmen ia , are al l i n the province of TURQU IA

wh ich was cal led,i n anc ient t imes

,A s ia M inor. In i t there

a re many lordsh ips and provin ces which i t wou l d be hard

to enumerate,for th is TURQU IA ex tends to the greater sea

,

a nd be i t known that i t is a very rich land,wel l suppl ied

with al l goods . The King of th is province ha s th is flag

fo r a device . (See Plate IX ,

I went a long the coast of th is TURQU IA to a c i ty they

ca l l CANDEBOR 5a nd thence to another cal led ANTROQETA

1 Lo u is I o f H unga ry (1 342—1 382) cam e , in th e m a le l ine , fromCha rle s o f Anjo u

,bro th e r o f St Lo u is.

2 C o rinth .

3 Na up l ia .

4 Anato l ia.

5 A laya .

2— 2

20 AS IA M INOR

and thence to CORINCHO‘. And th is TURQU IA is d i v ided

i nto many provinces,CAPADOQ IA , FE L I C IA

,BOESCIA ,

VITI L IA,GALA

, CIALIDIA ,FR IG IA where is TROYA

,PAN

F I L IA,ISAURIA . The King of th is land ha s a b l ack flag

with five wh ite c rosses. (See Plate 1X,

I departed from th is Co rincho and went to the c i ty they

cal l FERADELFIA or FERADELFIN 3 wh ich marches on that

of Troy which,i n anc ien t t imes

,King Mene laus of Greece

destroyed . Troy was the head of a l l that A s ia M inor

wh ich they no w ca l l TURQU IA,and its dev ice is a flag hal f

wh ite,with a red cross

,the other hal f yel low with a red

square 3 . (See P late X,

I n th is TURQUIO there is another province they cal l

CUN IO“ i n which there is a r i ch c i ty cal led GUNYO with

mu ch terr i tory,and the K ing has a flag with bars wavy

argent and gu l es. (See P late X,

There is also another province cal led SAUASTO 5 anc ien t ly

SAUASCO from a c i ty of that name wh ich wa s the head of

al l the c i t ies. This c i ty of SAUASCO wa s the anc ien t

SAMARIA,though now i t is SAUASCO head of the k ingdom

with a wh ite flag having five red crosses. (See P late X,

I n th is TU RQU IA there are two c it ies i n the parts of

A rmen ia the less , the one cal led CHONTAY 5 and the other

S I L IA 7. I l eft them and entered A rmen ia the less,which is

al l su rrounded by very h igh mou ntai ns,cal led the mou ntains

of A rmen ia,and with i n the moun ta ins there is a pla i n

country i n which there are 360 towns and vi l l ages and

cast les . On the shores of the Med iterranean Sea in the

p lace where it ends, yo u m ust know that anc ient ly th is

A rmen ia was cal led the is l and of COLCOS . For i n th is

A rmen ia an arm of the se a enters,i n wh ich there is a smal l

1 Kongo s.

2 Ph rygia .

3 See an te .

4 I co n ium .

5 Seba stia or S iwa s.

5

7 C i l ic ia .

PLATE 10

CUNIO 3 9 TURQ UIA (S )

40 SAUASCO (s ) 4 0 S AUASCO 4 0 SAUASCO (N)

4 1 ARMENIA THE LESS (s ). 4 2 CYPRUS (s )

CYPRUS 2 I

is l and cal led PORTO BON E L 1 , and here wa s the temple to

the enchanted golden sheep, which bewitched Jason the

Greek . W i th in A rmen ia there are fou r great c i t ies,to w it

LA ISO,CURQ UO ,

AIRSO and SUQIA.

A fter th is A rmen ia is the is l and CH IPRE and i n th is

Ch ipre there are fou r great c it ies, Famagosta, Nycro xia2,

Lam iss 3 , and Bafa . The King of CH IPRE has for h is

des ign a flag parted per pale argen t five crosses gu l es and

pu rpu re two fleu rs de lys palewise, because he is of the

House of France“. (See P late X, 4 1 ,

I l eft CH IPRE at a point they cal l the point of

SANTANDER,and arrived at ALIXANDRETA and thence

to ANTIOCHA a very nob l e c i ty of Syria . The French

took i t when they conquered Syria . I n anc ient t imes i t

was cal led REPELETA 5. Thence I went to SOLIN and

TORTOSA 5 and the Syrian TRIPUL . I t was SOLIN that

wa s taken by Do n Remondo Count of Tolosa,father of

Do n A l fonso Emperor of Spain 7 . Thence I went to

EBORUTB, and thence to the c i ty of ACRE ,

which was held

by the Friars of St John . I then went to QESARIA and to

ESCALONA 9. They say that in anc ien t t imes i t wa s cal led

PALESTINA . Thence I went to the port of JAFA where are

the p i lgr ims for Jerusalem . Know that there are these

ci t ies i n Syria and many other towns and vi l lages, and five

high mou ntains . The first is cal led the mountai n of

L IBANO where rise two rivers , one cal led JOR and the other

DAN,and they un i te to form the JORDAN . Th is l and

where the JORDAN flows wa s anc ient ly cal led TI BERIA and

afterwards S IR IA . I t flows through the centre of SURIA

1 In the Gu lf o f A lexandretta .

2 N icro s ia .

3 Lim aso l . 4 H ugh de Lu signon K ing o f C yprus .

5 Se leu c ia P ie r ia .

5 Ta rsus .

7 Fa th e r o f Alpho nse Com te de To u lo use , not o f A lph o nso VI I(Em pe ro r) o f Ca st i l le .

3 B e iro u t . 9 Asca lon .

22 SYR IA—EGYPT

and forms two large lakes,one cal led the Dead Sea

,and

the other the Sea of Gal i l ee. They afli rm that i n these

two l akes there were two c i t i es cal led SODOMA and

GOMORRA ,and in these two lakes the r iver s i nks u nder

ground and does not appear aga in . The mou ntains are

ERMON , GALAT,ABRAREN and SEYR . Know that i n th is

SUR IA is the c i ty of IHERUSALEM which wa s sanctified by

the holy temple wh ich Sal amon bu i l t there,and wa s

consecrated by th e b lood of IHESU CHRISTO . This l and

of IHERUSALEM wa s anc iently ca l l ed CANAN EA after CAN

so n of NOE . A fterwards i t had the name of JUDEA after

JUDA son of JACO . Know that th is prov ince wa s taken by

the French when they made the conquests beyond seas .

The devi ce of th is province is a wh ite flag with red c rosses,

l i ke th is 1 . (See P late X I ,SUR IA m arches with the land of JAFET a nd th is JAFET

borders on the very rich c i ty of DAMASCO,wel l suppl ied

with a l l th ings . Near th is DAMASCO flows the river

EUFRATES and formerly i t was cal led LA IRAG 2. Th e King

has a yel low flag with a wh ite moon . (See P late X I ,EG IPTO borders on SUR IA . Anc ient ly i t wa s ca l led EXIA.

I came a long the coast to a port which they cal l the port

of LA R ISA, thence to the port of DESCRION ,thence to

TENEXE which is i n EGYPTO ,and I took the road to the

west and came to DAM IATA a nob l e c i ty su rrounded by the

r iver N ILU S . Know that here the King of France Wa s

defeated and a prisoner when he wen t to make conqu est

beyond sea3. On the banks of this r iver N I LU S is s i tu ated

the great c i ty ALCAIRA4 where the Kings of EGI PTO are

crowned,and here wa s c rowned MELI C NASQAR,

the Lord

1 Th e a rm s o f Je ru sa lem are m e ta l o n m eta l : a rgen t a c ro sspo tent o r be twe en fo u r lesse r c ro sse s o r. These five c ro sse s gu le sh a ve no o the r a u th o r i t y . C . R. M .

2 I rak .

3 Lo u is IX atMa ssura ne a r Dam ie t ta 5 Apr i l 1 250. C. R. M4 Ca i ro .

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PLATE 12

4 7 LUCHON (s )

4 8 TOLOMETA

4 9 TRIPUL (s )

4 9 TRIPUL

.5 0 AFRlCA (s )

EGYPT 2 3

of the great Tu rks whom they cal l the Soldan of EG IPTO 1,

and in th is ALCA IRA there are fou r towns. The first is

cal led ALCA IRA ,the second BAB ILON IA becau se i t wa s

peopled by those who escaped from the destru ct ion of

BABI LON IA,the th i rd RODA ,

the fou rth LAJUZ A . Th e

devi ce of th is k ingdom is a wh ite flag with a b lue moon .

(See Plate X I ,I l eft ALCA IRA and wen t to the coast where is the

c i ty of ALEXANDR IA which is nob l e and rich . From this

ALEXANDRIA to the is l e of 11011 131 0 2 the d istance is ten

leagues al l peop led with vi l l ages. The King of th is

ALEXANDRIA ha s for h is devi ce a yel low flag and i n the

m idd le a b l ack wheel i n which a grey l ion . (See Plate X I ,

I departed from A lexand ri a and went by the coast to

the port of R IBAS ALUAS“,thence to a c i ty cal led LUCHON 4

where the King ha s a yel low flag with a wh ite moon .

(See P late X11,

Leaving LUCHON I came to the c ity of TARABUC 5 .

Thence I came to MON DE BARCAS and BONA ANDREA 5

which is in BERBER IA ,and thence to TOLOMETA o n the se a

shore . Th e King ha s for a devi ce a wh ite flag wi th a

yel low sash o n a l ance . (See Plate X I I ,From TOLOMETA I went to BREMCHON 7 and to Z UNARA 3

At Z UNARA the se a forms a great gu l f ca l led the Gu l f of

S(gIN9and on the borders of th is Z UNARA are the c lear

moun ta i ns 10which the anc ients cal l ed—CARENA,of wh ich we

shal l speak fu rther o n,when we treat of the main l and ; I

departed from the Gu l f of SQ IN and came to PUERTO

1 Al M e lek N a sse r so n o f Ke lun M a lek Alm a n z o r su c c e eded in1 29 1 . H e wa s c a l led Lo rd o f th e grea t Tu rks a fte r h e de feated th e

M o ngo ls n ea r Dam a sc u s in 1 303 . H e died 1 34 1 .

2 R o se t ta .

3 R ipe A lb i . 4 Lu ch a .

5 Trabu ch .

5 Bo nandrea .

7 B enga z i, th e anc ient B e ren ic e .

3 Za u a ra in th e Gu l f o f S yrt is .

9 Th e Grea t S y r t is.

19 M on tes C la ro s .

24 COAST OF BARBARY

MAGRO 1 and thence to TRIPUL of BERBERIA. I t is ca l led

TRIPUL because i t is bounded by the TRIPLICANA 2 mou n

tains. Th is TRIPUL is a rich c i ty and the King of i t ha s for

h is device a wh i te flag with a green pa lm tree and two red

keys. (See P late X11 ,

I went from TRIPUL to RAHASA 3,CAP IZ 4 and FAQ UIZ

5,

and thence to AFRICA a r ich c i ty. Know that twenty-s ix

mi les from th is AFR ICA 6 there is a great tower cal led

L IGEM ; and from th is tower LIGEM to ALCAIRAHUAN there

are forty m i les . At th is ALCAIRAHUAN the King of al l

A fr ica toward s the west , named ALBOHAQEM,wa s defeated

,

and al l h is tents were p i l l aged ’. The King of A fri ca has

for h is device a wh i te flag wi th a pu rp le moon . (See

P late X I I,

I went thence to (Agu cgia

8 and thence to TUNEZ which is

a great and r i ch c i ty wel l supp l ied with al l th ings,and is

the head of al l BERBER IA . The flag of the King is white

w i th a b l ack moon . (See P late X I I ,

A fte r th is TUNEZ I wen t to the is l and of QERDESIA

which is a great land in wh ich there are two high mou nta ins,

o ne cal led MONT BARUARIA and the other MONT ARBOLEA .

Th e King of QERDENA ha s the bars of A ragon on h is flag.

A fter QERDENA there is another is l and cal led CORQEGA .

I t has a wh ite flag with a red cross becau se i t was taken by the

Genoese , for wh ich reason the Catalans are at war with them .

Thence I went to BONA 9 where StAugust i ne wa s B ishop .

1 M o uth o f the r ive r M agra , anc ien t Cyniphus .

2 M ontes Triplicana D’Huar-e l-jebe l . 3 Ra s Maja b es.

4 Gabe s.

5 Alfaqu e s.

5 Alm ah adia in Tun is .

7 The de fea t o f Ab u -l-ha san Ali nea r Ka irwan by Ahm ed, a des

cendanto f the A lm ohades, to ok p la c e in 1 348 . Th is is th e latestdateg iven by th e F ranc iscan.

3 El Sus,th e Rom an H adrum e tum . It wa s de stro yed by the

Vanda ls b ut re sto red by Just in ian . Itwa s aga in destro yed by Okba ,who u sed the ru ins for bu i lding Ka i rwan . I t is now aga in a

flourish ing town .

9 The o ld nam e wa s H ippo .

PLATE 1 3

5 1 TUNIS (s ) 5 5 MAJ ORCA (s )

5 2 CONSTANTINA (s ) 5 6 CEUTA (8 )

5 3 BUGIA (s ) 5 7 7 5 2 13 )

5 4 BRISCHAN (s ) 5 8 MOROCCO (s )

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26 MOROCCO

far as the river of MU LUYA ‘,thence to ALCUDIA and

MOCENA and BEDIZ 2 u nt i l I arr ived at the st rong c i ty o f

6139 1 113. Know that gEPTA is oppos i te to ALGEZ IRA and

G I BRALTAR,places of the King of Spain . The gu l f of the

sea cal led the st ra i t of AZ OCAQUE passes between QEPTA

and G IBRALTAR . The King of this c i ty ha s for h is des ign

a red flag with two whi te keys . (See P late X I I I ,I departed from QEPTA and went to the nob l e c i ty o f

FEZ where the Kings of the BENA MAR IN always res ide 4

There ru ns past i t a r iver cal led FEXE which rises i n the

c lear mou ntai ns , and fal ls i n to the western se a near a

c i ty cal led QALE5. At FEZ the i r K ings are c rowned and

res ide,a nd they have a flag al l wh ite 5 . (See Plate X I I I ,

I departed from FEZ which wa s anc ient ly cal led

COTAMAN FEZ,and went to M IQUYNEZ

7a nd to R IBATE 5

and then tu rned to TANJAR9o n the se a coast , then to

ARZILA,a long the coast RAXY and QALE a c i ty on the se a

coast where they bu ry thei r K ings . Thence I went to N IFE

and AZ AMOR and QAFI where a river enters the se a cal led

COX”,ris ing in the c lear mou ntains (M on i es Clam s ) . Know

that i n th is province is the very nob l e c i ty of MARRUECOS

wh ich used to be ca l led CARTAGU the great“. A Consu l o f

Rome named Sc ip io A fri canus conquered it i n the t ime

of the sovere ignty of the Romans. A fterwards the Goths.

who were Lords of Spain were the sovere igns here”. Th e

King of MARRUECOS‘3 ha s for h is device a red flag wi th a

chess board b l ack and wh ite . (See P late X11 1 ,A fter th is I departed and went to ADMET a very anc ient

1 M e ll ila .

2 Pe fio n de Ve le z .3 Ceu ta .

4 K ings o f th e l ine age o f B en i M e r in .

5 Sabe .

5 The B en i M e rin i dyna st y ru led atFe z from 1 269 to 1 5 50.

7 Mequ ine z .

3 Raba t . 9 Tangie rs .

19 Wadi Tensift.1 1 A m istake , confo unding M a ro cco w i th Tun i s . C . R. M .

12 The Vanda ls unde r Gense ric , who re igned to. 477 , c ro ssed th e

S t ra i t o f G ibra l ta r,in 429, and co nqu e red a ll M au r i tan i a . C . R . M .

13 Marakesh o r M o ro c co wa s fo unded by Yusu f ib n Ta shfin, firsto fth e A lm o ra v ide dyna st y

,in 1 072 .

PLATE 14

5 9 susu 6 3 GUINEA (s )

60 SULGUMENQA (s) 64 ORGANA 64 ORGANA

6 1 TOCORON (s ) 6 5 TREMEQEN (s )

62 BUDA (s ) 66 DO NGOLA (8 ) 6 6 DONGOLA (n)

MOROCCO 27

c i ty i n which BENAABIT King of Sevi l le and h is wife

ROMAIQUIA are bu r ied 1 . Thence I went to QAF I ! and to

MODOGOR ports of the western sea . Then I c l imbed the

mou ntains of QUQ IA LA-ALTA which is a cou ntry wel l

su ppl ied with everyth ing. These mountains are very high

and i t is a most dangerou s l and,for there are not more

than two very peri l ous passes . The King MYRAMAMOLIN

escaped to these mountains when he wa s defeated by the

MAR IN IS 2. Now th is QUQ IA belongs to the l ineage of the

M IRAMAMOLYN ,a nd the King h a s for h is device a flag

—wh ite with a b l ack l ion . (S e e Plate X IV,

Know that w ith th is QUQ IA3 commence the c lear

moun tains which the Christ ians cal l ATALANES and the

anc ien t name wa s CARENA“. They are 266 5 miles in

l ength,which makes 89 1 l eagues and two th i rds .

I departed from QUQ IA and en tered GAZ ULA5 a fine

prov ince su rrounded by lofty mou ntains. I t is wel l suppl ied

with provis ions and water,b ut is very cold . Know that i t

is a place where the sun sets in the month of Decem ber,and owing to th is i t is cold i n summer

,and warm in winter.

The inhab i tants never wanted to have a King ,b ut they

have a Judge and are very decen t people . I l eft GAZULA

and went to the se a coast to a port cal led Z AMATANA 5

where is the Cape of NA on the western se a . I t is aN un

1 Alm utam ed-a la - I l lah . H is sep u lch re wa s at Aghm at. He wa s

th e so n o f Ab u Am ru Abbed,a nd wa s bo rn at B eja in A lga rve in 1040.

H e su c c e eded a s K ing o f S e v i l le in 1 069, a nd wa s de th ro ned by theA lm o ra v ide s in 1 09 1 and ba n i shed to Africa w i th h is fam i ly . H e wa s

sen t to the c a s t le o f Aghm atw ith h is wi fe a nd so n s, wh ere h e died in109 5 . His w ife was Itim ad firstc a l led Rom eyk iyyah .

2 Th e descendan ts o f the A lm oh ade s in M o ro c c o , a s so o n a s the yknew o f th e dea th o f Ab u - l- ha san Ali As-sa id th e M iram am o lin

,who

wa s sla in be fo re Trem ecen in 1 248, ra i sed up a M o o r nam edAlm o rtada

to b e M iram am o lin . H e a nd the A lm o h ade s fo ugh t a ba t t le wi th th eB en i M e r in i atMequ ine z , and we re de fe a ted. The M iram am o lin th enfled to Sus .

3 El Su s.

4 A t la s m o unta ins .5 Dje zu la , anc ien t Getu l ia .

5 Sam o ta .

28 AFRICAN COAST

desert land with bad crue l people who l ive on the shore.

I went a lo ng'

the coast , always i n a pa nfi loh u nt i l I arr ived at

the Cape of San B i n . A ll the coast was un inhab i ted therePo rt o f Saub run

being nei ther c i ty, town , nor v i l lage . I went along the

coast for a very great distanceutraversing the u n inhab i ted

sandy beaches u nt i l I arr ived at the land of the negroes,at

a cape they ca l l BUYDER2, where is the King of GUYNOA

near the sea . There I found Moors and J ews. Know that

from th is Cape of BUYDER to the river DEL ORO3 there are

370 mi les,a l l u n inhab i ted land . From th is place the

pa nfi lo tu rned . I stayed some t ime , and went to see the

l ost is l ands wh ich were cal led by TOLOMEO the is lands of

LA CARIDAD“. Know that from the Cape of BUYDER to

the first isl and,the d istance is 1 10 mi les .

I embarked i n a [6720 5 with some Moors and we arrived

at the first is l and which they cal l C RESA 5. Then we came

to the isl and of LANQAROTE and they gave i t that name

becau se the inhab i t ants k i l led a Genoese of that name .

Thence I went to another is l and ca l led BEZ IMARIN 7,and

another RACHAN S. There is another ALEGRANQA ,

another

UEGIMAR 9,another FORTE VENTU RA

,another CANARIA .

I went to another is l and cal led TENER IFE, a nd another

they cal l the ISLA DEL INF IERNO,another CUMERA , ano ther

1 A ga l le y u sed in th e m iddle a ges in the M edite rranean w i th one

row o f o a rs,and u sua l ly two m a sts . C . R. M .

2 Bo yado r.

3 Senega l .4 The A t lan t ic I slands we re known a s th e [sins Perdz

'

das o rde la

Ca n'

da a’ th e Ka lz’

da t o f th e Arab ge ogra phe rs. The F ranc i scanp rec eded a ll the o ld Po rto lani in h is a cc o un t o f th em . M o o rs,Span ia rds and Geno e se fre qu ented them long be fo re the P o rtugue se .

5 Leno (l ignum ) wo od, a gene r ic nam e for a ll vesse ls. C . R. M .

5 G rac io sa , badl y c o p i ed.

7 Va ch i -m a r in i I sla de lo s Lo bo s.

3 Ro que del Este .

9 No t in two o f th e texts. Sam e a s Benim arin . M istake o f the

c o py ist, or Gu im a r in Tene r i fe .

ATLANT IC ISLES 29

FERRO,another ARAGAN IA

1

,another SALVAJE

,another

DES IERTA,another LECMANE 2

, another PUERTO SANTO ,

another LOBO,another CABRAS

,another BRAS IL 3

,another

COLUMBARIA “,another VENTURA 5

,another SAN JORGE

,

another CONEJOS“, another CUERVO MAR INE S , so that

al together there are 2 5 is l ands .

I retu rned to the Cape of BUYDER whence I had started ,and went by the ZAHARA wi th some Moors who were

tak ing gold to the King of Gu i nea on camels. We came

to some very great and high mou nta i ns i n the m idd l e of

the ZAHARA which they ca l l Z ICH IALHAMERA 7 and after

wards we travel led a very great d istance over the ZAHARA

u nt i l we came to another mou ntai n 8 ca l led INFURENT 9.

Here I parted from those M oors,and j o ined some others

who came to ALGARVE . I went with them,over the ZAHARA

,

u nt i l we reached MASCAROTEm , a town of the BENAMARIN

King which is at the foot of the moun ta ins of QUQ IA“

.

There I stayed for some t ime,and then went to SULGU

MENQA12

,a r i ch c i ty i n the ZAHARA

,near a river wh ich comes

from the c lear mou nta ins . Th e King of i t ha s for h is device

a wh i te flag w i th the root of a green palm tree,i n th is

manner . (Se e Plate X IV,I

'

departed from SULGUMENQA and wen t six days

j ou rney,over an inhab i ted cou nt ry to the R IO DE DARA 13

.

The country is wel l peopled and suppl ied with provis i ons .

1 Aragone s,a p la c e in Gran Cana r ia .

2 M ade i ra . On the po rto lan i o f Andre s B ianc a and B en inca sa isLecnam e .

3 Te rce i ra .

4 Rico o f th e Azo re s .

5 Co rvo of the A zo re s.

5 Fa ya l o n po r to lano o f B en incasa .

7 Cequ ia e l H am a ra,S ek iet e l Hom re .

3 Oa s is .9 Z e fran .

19 Ma scarota atth e fo o t o f th e A t la s.

1 1 Sus.

12 Sege lm essa o f Leo A . , now Ta h le t . The anc ien t town o f Sege lm e ssa IS a rum . Edr isi m en t io ns it. Tah le t is not m en t ioned ea rl ie rth an th e s ix te enth c en tu ry . C . R . M .

13 El Drau nea r th e pa ss o ve r th e Atlas to Rl Su s. C. R. M .

30 SAHARA OASES—GU IN EA

MAGUER is i n the ZAHARA and I left the R IO DE DARA

wi th some Moors who were going to GUYNOA. I went

with them over the ZAHARA unt i l we arr ived at TOCORON

which is a c i ty among some mou nta ins . The i nhab i tan ts

are negroes and the King of TOCORON has for h is device

a wh i te flag with a b l ack mounta in i n the m idd le,l i ke that

of the King of GUYNOA . (See Plate X IV ,

Thence I went to TIBALBERT l, a c i ty on some very

h igh mountai ns,thence to another moun tai n cal led S IDAN

,

which is u nder the King of GUYNOA 2,and thence to BUDA

,

a wel l supp l ied c i ty ,also on the top of a moun tain . Know

that the c i ty was peopled by a King of TREMEQEN . For

he wa s bad and d id evi l th ings, and the peopl e wanted

to k i l l h im . S o he fled , with h is t reasu re, to th is place, and

founded th is c i ty of Buda . Its flag is wh i te wi th a red

moon . (See P late X IV ,

A fterwards I departed from BUDA a nd went , by the

ZAHARA,to another mou ntai n cal led GANAHE in which

there is a r ich we l l su ppl ied c i ty of the same name . I t is

the head of the k ingdom where they crown the Kings.

A nd the K ing of GUYNOA h a s a gold flag with a b l ack

mou ntain i n the m idd le . (See P late X IV ,

I l eft GANAHE and went to CRIMA ,another c i ty i n the

ZAHARA,and thence to MESQA,

a rich c i ty by which a river

flows wh ich rises i n the c lear mou ntains . Know that i n

th is r iver ends the r iver of GUYNOA which is very wide

and very long and along which there are many lands both

desert and i nhab i ted . I t is 6 5 days j ou rney i n length,

and 40 wide . O f GUYNOA there is much to say. I t

contains seven mounta ins 3 wel l peop led , and l and yie ld i ng

1 Tib e lb elto f Le o A fr icanu s, so uth o f th e Atla s .

2 The nam e Gu inea p ro pe rly be longs to Senega l . Pesclzel.

3 The Regio n o r P rom o nto ry o f seven m oun ta ins is on the m ap o f

Piz igan i (1 367) and o n tha t o f Fra M au ro (1457) o n the co a st o f

Gu inea . I t is a lso on the m ap o f J uan de la Co sa.

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3 2 DONGOLA

l ive always at war wi th the Christ ians of N UB IA and

ETI OP IA . There are i n th is k ingdom five l a rge places in

hab i ted by negroes. They are TRIM ISIN ,OADAC, MANOLA ,

ORZ IA and PALOLA . Know that these inhab i tants of th is

k ingdom of TREMEQEN peopled i t from BERBER IA . The

King ha s for his devi ce a pu rple flag wi th a white moon .

Thence I went to another k ingdom cal led DONGOLA

march ing with the deserts of EGIPTO,and the r iver N IL

'

US .

The river forms two cou rses,the greater

,flowing to the

westward , cal led the R IO DEL ORO1. On its banks is the

k ingdom of GUYNOA . Th e other part flows through the

deserts of EG IPTO and enters the Med i terranean Sea at

DAM IATA . Between these two b ranches of the river is

the k ingdom of DONGOLA , a cou ntry wel l peop led wi th

Christ ians from NUB IA ,b ut they are negroes. I t is a rich

l and and very wel l suppl ied , and with many fru i t t rees .

Th e l and ha s a very hot c l imate. The King of Dongola

ha s for h is devi ce a wh i te flag wi th a cross l i ke this.

(See P late X IV,

I n th is k ingdom of DONGOLA I fou nd Christ i ans,

Genoese merchants 2. I j o ined with them a nd we took

the road to the r iver N I LUS t ravel l ing s ix ty days j ou rney

over the deserts of EG IPTO u nt i l we arrived at the c i ty of

ALCAARA wh ich is the head of the k ingdom of EG IPTO

where they crown thei r K ings a s I have a l ready related .

I l eft ALCAARA and went to DAM IETA, where I fou nd a

ship of Christ i ans and went on board . I sa i led in that

and th e Te l t . Ab u Yah ia Yagh rom orasen, th e firsto f the independentK ings, bega n to re ign in 63 3 A.H . and fo unded the B en i Ze ian dynast y

Th ere we re frequen t wa rs w i th the B en i M e r in i o f Fe z . In

1 348 th e B e n i Ze ian th rew o ff th e yoke o f the B en i M e rin i,and in

1 389 Ab u Ta shfin be cam e K ing o f Trem ecen . The Ben i Ze iandyna st y o f Trem egen ru led fro m 1 283 to 1 5 54. C . R. M .

1 Th e N ige r a nd Se nega l c o nfu sed toge th e r .2 The Geno e se h ad a c om m e rc ia l treaty w i th th e Su ltans o f Egypt

from 1 290 , and we re gi ven fac i l ities fo r t ra ffic u p th e N i le . In re tu rnth e y did go od se rvi c e to the S u l ta ns in se ve ra l ways.

EGYPT—AFRICAN'

COAST TO RIO DEL ORO 33

ship u nt i l I d isembarked at"

(gEPTA1 al ready ment ioned ,

and went thence by land to MARRU ECOS again,then crossed

the c lear mounta ins to CAZULA . I remained there for some

t ime a s i t is pleasant . Then some Moors armed a gal ley

to go to the R IO DEL ORG , for there they make great

pro fits . I went with them on account of someth ing they

said to me,so we left GAZ ULA in that gal ley . A lways

keeping along the shores of the western se a we passed

Capes NU and SANT BIN and BUYDER ,al l a n u n inhab i ted

Cap de Saub run

coast,and came to the R IO DEL ORO

2 al ready ment ioned,

which is a branch of the N I LUS r is i ng in the lofty mounta ins

of the A ntarct i c Pole , where , i t is sa id,is

M I t t raverses the whole land of N UB IA and

ETIOP IA and d ivides i n to two branches,one flowing

through EG IPTO to DAM IATA ,the other l arger branch

flowing westward to the occ identa l se a,and cal led the

R IO DEL ORO . We went on after leavi ng th is river for a

very long d istance,always keepi ng in s ight of the coast

,

l eaving beh ind u s the ISLAS PERD IDAS,and came to an

is l and inhab i ted by many people. They cal l th is is land

GROPIS3. I t is a wel l suppl ied is l and

,b ut the people are

Ga lpis

idol aters . They took u s al l before thei r King,and wondered

mu ch at u s and o ur l anguage, and customs. Th e merchants

who armed the gal ley made much pro fit. The King ’

s

device is a wh ite flag with the fig ure of h is idol .

We l eft the is l and of GROPIS and shaped an eastern

cou rse towards the sou thern sea u nt i l we found another

is l and cal led Q UI BLE. This is land QUIBLE4 is i n the

Caa b le

1 Ceuta .

2 Th e N i ge r of P to lem y,P l iny and M a r ino Sanudo N il

Gana o f Ara b ge ographe rs Pa lo lus o f the Piz igan i m ap Rio de Oro

o f th e M ajo rca Po rto lano— the Senega l.3 One o f th e Bissagots.

4 Cherb or.

M . B. K.

34 S IERRA LEONE

sou thern sea and is peopled by negroes. We left i t on the

right hand , keeping along the coast , and came in s ight of

a very h igh mou nta i n cal led ALBOCH ‘. We wen t there

and fou nd i t i nhab i ted by many peopl e . There rises from

i t a river 2 which becomes very large and flows through a

fine country . Here the ga l l ey tu rned back , and I remained

for some t ime. A fterwards I departed from ALBOCH wi th

some peop le and went to another mou nt cal led LIRRY .

A r iver r ises from i t cal led ENALCO . I left th is k ingdom

cal led LIRRY , and went to another ca l led GOTON IE 3 con

s ist i ng of some very h igh mounta i ns . They say there are

no others so h igh in the world . They are cal led the

Mountains of the Moon . O thers give them the name of

the Mou ntai ns of Gold , and five r ivers flow from them

which are the b iggest i n the wor ld . They al l fa l l i nto the

RIO DEL ORO“ ; and they form a lake so large that i t is

twenty days j ou rney i n length and ten i n wid th . I n the

m idd le of i t there is a large is l and ca l led PALOLA i nhab i tedPa llego

by negroes,b ut most of the l and is un i nhab i ted

,owing to

the i ntense heat and i t is al l dead sand . There are six

mou nta ins i n th is l and , the largest be ing the Mou nt of ORO ,

others LIRRY,ALBOGH

,BURGA ,

ELBAHAC,ELMOLAC . Know

{ that th is k ingdom of GOTONYE is not very popu lous,

except i n these mounts . But i t has ex tens i ve lands

bou nded by the R IO DEL ORO ,the ocean

,and a

_ g u1f which

en ters for fifteen days jou rney from the ocean . S o

-

that

i t is one of the largest k ingdoms i n the world . Its device

is some ye l low sashes on a spear.

Be i t known that th is land we are describ i ng is very

hot,b ut i t abounds in _many del ights , and there are many

1 S ierra Leo ne ? 2 The Kam a ranka .

3 So udan and S enegam b ia .

4 Th is Rio de l Oro is the Senega l , the Canega o f A zura ra .

87 GROPIS 68 GROPIS

69 AMENUAN (s ) 70 GRAQIONA

7 1 PRESTER J OHN (s ) 7 1 PRESTER J OHN (n) 7 1 PRESTER J OHN (R)

RIO DEL ORO—ETH IOP IA 3 5

camels . On the banks of th is r iver N ILU S they b reed the

great beasts yielg/ing ivory,and from here the merchants

br ing the teeth . On the banks of th l s ri ver they col lec t

gold i n the ant h i l ls and col lect the ambergris,and for th is

reason the country is very rich . I departed from th is

k ingdom of GOTON IE and arrived at a gu l f connected with

the se a,and i n the gu l f there were three is l ands

,cal l ed

Z ANON ,AZ EUEAN and MAL ICUN . I c rossed th is gu l f u nt i l

I came to a great c i ty cal l ed AMENUAN ‘. I t is a very great

and popu l ous k ingdom with a l and supplying al l that is

good,b ut the people are heathens and bel ieve i n i dols .

The k ingdom contai ns eight great c i t ies,cal led AMENUAN ,

where the K ing always res ides and is crowned,GORAN

,

AscIDA , COLOGANE ,BENATEO ,

VNDA,GAONA and CANBEN .

The King ha s a wh ite flag with an idol . (See P late XV,

67 , 68 , 69J

I n th is kingdom of EMENUAN there enters a branch of

the river EUFRATES 2 which rises i n the lofty mountains

of the A ntarct i c Pole, where they say that the terrest r ia l

parad ise is . This r iver EUFRATES forms three branches,

one entering the m idd le of the k ingdom of AMENUAN and

the other branches flowing rou nd the whole k ingdom ,the

width,in some places, being two days j ou rney . When

I crossed this great r iver I first made a long jou rney along

its banks which are very popu lou s ". I came to a great

c i ty cal led GRAQ IONA which is the head of the empi re of

ABDESEL IB a word mean ing Servant of the C ross .

”Th e

ABDESELIB is defender of the' chu rch of Nub ia and E th iop ia,

and he defends PRESTE JUAN who is Patri arch of Nub i a

1 M in iana and Am ina , regio ns no rth o f th e Kong m o unta ins.

2 N i le . As th e te rre str ia l pa radise wa s to b e in Afr ica the re m ust

a lso b e a Euph ra te s, bu t the Fra nc isc an sh ows, furth e r o n, tha t he wa squ i te awa re tha t th is wa s no t th e M e sopo tam ian Euph rate s. H e

a ssum e s two r ive rs W lth the sa m e nam e . C . R. M .~

3 Th is wa s rea l ly th e Benu e .

36 PRESTER JOHN

and Abyss i n ia,and ru les over very great lands and many

c it ies of Christ ians . But they are negroes a s to thei r sk ins

and bu rn the s ign of the cross with fire i n recogn it ion of

bapt ism . But a l though these men are negroes, they are

st i l l men of intel l igence w ith good bra ins,and they have

understand ing and knowledge . Thei r land is wel l supp l ied

with al l good things,and exce l len t water of that wh ich

comes from the A ntarct i c Pole where,i t is said

,is the

earth ly parad ise . They told me that the Genoese whose

gal ley wa s wrecked at AMENUAN,and who were saved

,

were b rought here ‘. I t wa s never known what became of

the other gal ley which escaped . The Emperor ABDESELIB 2

ha s for h is dev ice a wh ite flag with a b lack cross l ike th is .

(See P late XV,

I departed from the c ity of GRAQIONA ,for the c i t ies of

th is empi re had names which I cou l d not obtain,and

t ravel led over many l ands and through many c i t ies arr iving

at the c i ty of MALSA where the PRESTE IOHAN a lwaysMe lee

res ides . He is the Patriarch of Nub ia and E t iopia,and at

h is com ing he a lways goes a long the banks of the river

EUFRATES . Th is is a wel l peopled and wel l suppl ied l and .

From the tim e I came to MALSA I saw‘and heard marvel lous

th ings 3 every day. I enqu i red what the terrest ri al parad ise

wa s l i ke , and wise men to ld me that i t cons isted of

m ou ntains so high that they came near to the c i rcu i t of

the moon . N o man ha s been ab l e to se e i t a l l,for of

1 In 1 28 1 , a cc o rding to Graverg de Hem so (Arm. dz Geog ) , twoga l le ys set o ut from Geno a c om m anded by Vadino and Gu ido deViva ldo

,to go to India . One o f them reach ed a c ity o f Eth io p ia

c a l led M enam whe re the c rew was im pr isoned and no ne e ve r retu rned.

2 Ab d-el- Se l ib . B a rth m entio ns a negro po tentate e a st o f LakeChad—Ab d e l-Dj e l i l —wh o c onque red B o rnu m 1 385 . Espada suggeststh e po ssib i l ity o f th is be ing th e Ab de lse lib o f the Franc 1scan

3 Desque l les nous ne fa isons nu l le m en t io n,po u r do ute que ce ne

sem b la it a u l isant estre m enso ng e s. BONT1ER.

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38 R IVERS OF PARADISE

there are two emperors,one bei ng Emperor of GRAQIONA

and the other Emperor of MAGDASOR .

I departed from the c i ty of MALSA,the res idence of

PRESTE IOHAN ‘,and took an eastern rou te

,c ross ing the

river N I LLO and finding many c it ies cal led AMOC,ARAOC ,

SARMA, o cA ,

MORAN IA ,VYMA

, GABENCOL IC,GLAOC ,

and

many other towns . Twice I c rossed the river G ION and

fina lly reached a great c i ty cal led MAGDASOR. I t is a very

great empi re in wh ich there a re many c i t ies,towns

,cast l es

,

vi l l ages,and a popu l ous l and of Nub i an Christ i ans . Th is

empi re of MAGDASOR is a l l su rrou nded by two of the rivers

that come from the deep seas enc i rc l i ng the terrest ria l

paradise,one G ION the other PISON . On another s ide i t is

bounded by a gu l f of the Sea of JUDEA wh ich enters i n to

the land fo rty f

ci ays j ou rney. I n th is c i ty of MAGDASOR theytold me of a Genoese whom they cal led SOR LEON IS

,who

went in search of h is father , who came i n two galeasses

a l ready mentioned . They treated h im honou rab ly . This

SOR LEON IS wanted to g o on to the empi re‘

o f GRAQ IONA

in search of h is father,b ut the Emperor of MAGDASOR

wou l d not consen t,becau se the way wa s doubt fu l and the

road Know that i n th is l and of Nub i a and

Abyss ini a there are 1 54“

regions,lands desert and lands

i nhab i ted,i nsomu ch that i t emb races a fou rth part of the

whole face of the earth . The Emperor of MAGDASOR ha s for

a device a wh i te flag with a b l ack cross. (See P late XV, 7

I departed from the empi re of MAGDASOR and wen t

eastward along the G ION . On the fron t ier o f, th i s em p1re

th is r iver G ION d ivides i n to two arms; one going to the

1 The F ranc iscan wa s the firstto lo cate P re ste r J ohn in Abyssin ia .

C . R . M .

2 Itz'

né m rz'

o de S orleo zze (Akztom'

otto d’

a N ol la ) co nta ins a pa ssagere la t ing to the Ge no ese expedition o f 1 28 1 . Two ga l leys com m anded

by Vadino andGu ido de Viva ldo . AtM enam , o n the co a sto f Gu inea ,th e c rew o f o ne ga l ley wa s c a ptured.

In 1 29 1 two ga l le ys o f Te odo sio Do ria and Ugo l ino de Viva ldoreach ed Am enuan o n the Gu inea co ast.

RED SEA 39

sou th and reach ing the Sea of I nd ia . I l eft th is branch

and took the one to the right hand . . I went along th is

branch for a very long d istance,meet ing with people of

many bel iefs and wi th strange manners and customs which

i t wou l d take long to describe,u nti l I came to a gu l f of the

Sea of I nd ia wh ich enters in to the l and fifty days j ou rney .

I n th is gu l f there are three very large isl ands cal led

Z IN Z I BARI,ALCUBI L and ADEN 2 which is the l argest and

the most popu l ou s . I t l ies aga inst A rab i a , and here the

Red S ea begins, and penetrates the land we s tward forty

days j ou rney . On its shores are many c i t ies,towns

,and

vi l l ages . When the sh ips come from I nd ia they arr ive at

Aden and pay a t ithe of thei r merchand i ze because between

the isl and Aden and the point of A den there is a rich c i ty .

Then there is a very narrow place to pass,and a sh ip then

enters the Red Sea and d ischarges its cargo at a c i ty they

cal l SACAM 3,belonging to the King of CA LDEA . On the

shore of th is Red Sea there is a c ity cal led ALBAGIO 4 which

wa s anc ien tly the head of the k ingdom . Here they dis

charge for EG IPTO and DAMASCO,and the goods are taken

by land on camels. Know that th is Red Sea is along the

shores of A RAB IA and CALDEA ,extend ing by the desert of

EGIPTO . On its shores are many c it ies and lordships . I

w/

illfi g iLe the_8rinc ipa l ones— CHOS

5, (TRA)LIDEB0

6,MADE 7

A'

X IONGEBELS, GIDE

Q,SERAYN

10, SACAN

H,YUDE

12, ADROMAR

13

ICASTAQUIPIZ M ,MECA 15 Th is Red Sea is so cal led because

the bottom cons ists of red ochre,which makes the water

1 An e rro r o f the c o py ist forAc ib ar o r th e a lo e for wh ich So co trawa s fam o us. C . R. M .

2 Pen insu la .

3 S uak in .

4 Po ssib l y a c o rrup t ion o f Abyss in ia .

5 Ko se ir. 6 017 4 Lideb o o rA ida b .

7 M ade r,African co a s t . 8 E z ion Gebe r .

9 Z idda .

1° S ira in, Arab ian co ast .11 Su ak in .

12 K idan , A rab ian co ast .13 Hadram ant. 14 Ras Q u ipa l .

15 M ecca ;

40 MESOPOTAM IA

red . By th is se a the Jews passed when they went forth

from the Egyptian capt ivi ty of FARAON the King . Present ly

I entered CALDEA which is al l su rrou nded by two very

great r ivers,r is i ng in the mou nta ins of TORO‘. One is

cal led CUR 2 and the other EUFRATES, é ut not t/ze one of

N u b ia . Both these rivers reach the I nd ian Sea in the gu l f

they cal l the B l ack Sea ; b ut the J ews cal l i t the Pers ian

Sea . This Caldea is a ri ch,popu lous

,and we l l supp l ied

l and . Know that in th is province is the Tower of Babel

which the giants bu i l t i n the centre of a great pl ain cal led

the AGRO DE SENABAR 3, and here wa s the great c i ty of

BAUILON IA which is now dest royed , of wh ich the Lord wa s

NABUCODONUSOR. The peop le of th is BAUILON IA were

in two d iv is ions. One peopled BANDACHA,a nob le c i ty i n

the province of BALDAQUE and the other went to ALCAARA

DE BAUI LON IA i n the Egypt ian ALCAARA ,where now res ides

the SOLDAN of EG IPTO . I crossed an arm of the EUFRATES

and entered the prov ince of BALDAQUE i n wh ich there is a

great c i ty wh ich they ca l l BANDACHO“ : and NABUCODO

NUSOR wa s King of these prov inces.

I departed from BANDACHO and went to MESOPOTAN IA,

i n wh ich the Emperor MERL INUS TARTARUS,Lord of

ARMEN I A the greater,wa s c rowned ? I l eft MESOPOTAN IA

and went to a c i tythey c a llMONTFALCON ,where the river CUR

forms a great is l and cal led ANSERA,i n which island there is a

great c i ty. Beyond this r iver is the s i te of the c i ty of N IN IUE

which wa s dest royed for its s i ns . Know that th is region

contai ns very extens ive l ands,many c i t ies and vi l lages

,and

is al l enc i rc led by the two great r ivers cal led EUFRATES and

CUR “. From the borders of the Red Sea to the shores of

1 Tau rus. Cur is a m istake fo r Tigris .

3 Sh ina r. 4 Bagdad.

5 Th is m ay b e Ho lag o u Khan, grandso n o f Gengh is Khan,who

to ok Bagdad in 1 2 58 .

6 Tigris .

PLATE 16

MECCA (S )7 27 6 CHINA (s )

7 3 SOCOTRA (s )

7 7 3 9m (8 )

74 DELHI (s )7 8 CATO (s )

7 9 SARA (s )7 5 J AVA (s )

ARAB IA 4 1

the Pers ian Gu l f as far a s AQUYSIO’

lwe cannot g iye d i fferentdevices because CALDEA and

'

BALDi

AQUE are a ll i n one

lordship , and i t is all one region .

I departed from the isl and of ANSERA,crossed the r iver

CUR,and made a very long jou rney u nt i l I came to ARAB IA ,

t ravers i ng a great extent of land,and arri v ing at the Ci ty of

AL MED INA 2 where MAHOMAT wa s barn . Thence I wen t to

MECHAN 3 where is the law and testament of MAHOMAT i n

an i ron chest and in a house of calam ita stone . For th is

reason i t is i n the ai r,nei ther ascend ing nor descend i ng .

Know that th is MECHAN is the head of the empi re of the

A rabs . Its device is a red flag and on i t A rab i c letters i n

gold . (See P late XVI ,I departed from MECHA and travel led over the k ingdom

of ARABIA onwards u nt i l I arrived at a very large and ri ch

c i ty they cal l FADAL“ on the shores of the Sea of I nd ia .

I remained there some t ime and then went on board a sh ip

and passed a very large and wel l peopled isl and cal led

S ICOCRAs. There is i n i t a large c i ty also cal led S ICOCRA,

under the ru l e of the King of A rab ia . Th is same is l and

the ships tou ch com ing from I nd i a l aden with spices. I t ha s

a red flag with A rab i c l etters . (See P late XVI ,I l eft the isl and of S ICOCRA and came to another isl and

ca l led ENRRO at the mou th of the Pers i an Gu l f also cal led

the B l ack Sea . I n th is gu l f they col lec t the ambergris .

This isl and of ENRRO " belongs to the King of A rab ia . We

went up the gu l f against the north wind and we fou nd

the water of the se a to be a s red as b lood . We cont inu ed

o ur voyage and . c am e to two other isl ands, one of them

cal led AQ UISIO7, with a c ity of the same name . The other

is l and is ca l led HORM IX IO S,with another great c i ty of the

same name . Know that the empi re of Pers i a extends

42 PERS IAN GU LF—INDIA

a s far a s these two c i t ies,and the lordsh ip of the great

BENAQAYT. I left th is gu l f and . entered the province of

SABBA 1 where they gather i ncense,arr iving at a great c i ty

cal led GOLFATHAN ,thence to EGEPTA and CABAT2

,also

great and wel l suppl ied c i t ies,b ut they are inhab i ted by

TARTAROS, a people withou t law who do not keep a s i ngl e

o ne of God ’s commandments. So I departed from SABBA

and retu rned to the c i ty of HORM ICH IO where I stayed for

some t ime . I then t ravel led with some merchants for a very

great d istance,and arr ived at a k ingdom of DELIN I 3 be long

ing to the Kings of I nd ia . I t contai ns ex tens ive lands ,

very rich and popu l ous . The c i t i es I came to were n ine,

cal led NONGLA and CHEQ UIMO ,DEMONELA , COXIMOCHA ,

GRANBAET, GANARRAC ,MAHOBAR,

GOMAR and COLON .

Know that in thi s k ingdom of LIN I the pepper and

ginger and aloe ripen , and many other spices , of wh ich

there are great harvests which are taken over al l the world .

They cal l th is province I nd ia the sandy “,and the colou r of

the peop le is b l ack . They use Tu rk ish bows . They are a

wise people wi th good memories , and learned i n a ll k inds

of knowledge . T he device of the King is a white flag

with a gold pale . (See P late XVI,

I departed from the k ingdom of D I LIN I and entered

that of VIGUY 5 which is on the other coast of the I nd ian Sea .

I t is a very rich l and,wel l suppl ied with a l l good th ings.

Th e c i t ies wh ich I v is i ted i n the k ingdom of VIGUY were

PANONA ,FRAM IS IA ,

TUS I , ART I LLO, CORSA , RUSNA ,

ARMONEA,ANDROUAR,

MONCASPI , and FASGAR . Beyond

th is k ingdom there is an is l and in the I nd ian Sea cal led

SAOELA6 i n wh ich there is a great and rich c i ty . In th is

1 Arab ia Sa be a ?2 P la c e s o n the Ara b ian side o f th e Pe rsian Gu lf.3 De lh i . 4 S ind and Rajputana . C . R. M .

5 Bijaya -naga r ? o r Na rsinga . C . R. M .

Ceylo n .

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44 EASTERN ARCH I PELAGO

ha s fou r c i t ies , MOROA, CORTOMAR,SORFAXA and XALOAC ’

.

Th is XALOAC borders on the c o nfine s of the empi re of

CATAYO . A long the shores of OXANAP the sea is green

i t is an arm of the I nd ian Sea between th is OXANAP and

the isl and of JAVA . Th e King of OXANAP has for h is

device a wh ite flag with a pale of gold . (See Plate XVI ,I departed from the k ingdom of Oxanap,

went o n board

a ship with some merchants,and sa i led over the green se a

u nt i l we came to the is land of JAVA,a very great is l and in

the I nd ian Sea , forty days j ou rney in l ength . I n th is

is l and there are three very great regions . They cal l one

k ingdom MOGOLES, another JAUALES , another MANBROT.

The isl and is very popu l ous,b ut there are no c it ies

because al l the people l ive i n the cou ntry,and gather spices

,

pepper and odori ferous gums. I t is a very hot land . Th e

people are b l ack,and they adore the Emperor of Cathay

,

whose image they have on thei r flags .

On l eaving JAVA I retu rned to the k ingdom of OXANAP

and took the way to the k ingdom of ARMALEC 3 which has

ex tens i ve p rov inces and many c it ies . The c i t ies wh ich I

vis i ted are these . The firstwhere they crown the K1ngs IS

BVABALEC“, one of the grandest c i t ies i n the world . A nother

is ORGA5 , another BALAK IA 6 where there is a m ine for

ex t ract ing ba/axefl,another MENOAR,

others ALMODASI ,

LACER IA,NORANDA and RAFAN IA . This empi re marches

with the k ingdoms of LIN I and VIGUY ,and the Gu l f of

BENGALA and the empi re of CATAYO . The devi ce of th is

empire is a wh i te flag with a gold pa le .

I departed from the empi re of ARMALEC and t ravel led

by land for a very great d istance over a wel l peopled country

with flocks,b ut no c i t ies nor towns

,because al l the ih

hab i tants l ive i n the cou nt ry . At l ast I arr ived i n the

1 Sa rua in Pegu .

3 B enga l ?4 Cam b a lec . Pek ing .

6 Badakshan .

7 Rub ie s.

CH INA . 45

empire of CATAYO .where al l the c it ies are on the shores

of the eastern se a,which j o ins with the Sea of I nd i a . Th is

sea of the east is fu l l o f reefs and isl ands, and to the east

ward there is no news of any lands, on ly waters a s i n the

western se a . Know that CATAYO is the end of the face

of the earth in the l ine of Spain . I t marches with the

empire of ARMALEC to the west , with the eastern se a to

the east,with the MONTES CASPIOS ll to the north , which

enc i rc le TARTARIA . The c i t ies of CATAYO which I knew

are SOLIN , GOD IANA ,MAGODIANA ,

MORROSIA ,FACOL IS IA ,

DARBASAN, TORDAOR,

BOCARDA,ASCAN IA ,

LONGAUISA .

Th is empi re is i rr igated by three great rivers wh ich rise

i n the MONTES CASPIOS , and are led off i nto many parts .

They cal l the largest of these rivers MAGOT for i t rises

near the cast le of MAGOT 2, which is o ne of the gates of

enc i rc led TARTAR IA . Th is r iver MAGOT enters the green

se a3. The other two rivers go to the Sea of JAVA . They

cal l th is Emperor GOSMAN IMPERATOR MORROY , and GRAND

CAN ,Lord of the East . H is device is a gold flag and i n

the m idd le an emperor seated,i n wh i te c loths

,with an

imperial c rown on h is head,i n one hand a Tu rk ish bow

,in

the other a golden apple . (See P late XVI , 7 5 ,There are two certa in roads to CATAYO ,

one from

COSTANTINOPLA , cross ing the greater se a “, and by the Sea

of LENTANA 5 to the land of AUEGAZ IA,thence to the land

of the REY DAVID,and pass i ng through ARMEN IA the

greater,and by the I ron Gate to the Sea of SARA“. Then

1 MONTES CASPIOS, m ounta ins o f Cen t ra l Asia , inc luding H im a

layas, A lta 1, m ountam s o f Ma z anderan and Cauca su s .

2 Th e Ch r istian t raditio n wa s th atth e land o f Go g a nd M ago g wa so n the wes t side o f the Ca sp ian . The Arab ge og ra ph ers m o ved ittoth e far e astand no rth . Ma rco Po lo identified th e i r co un try w i th tha to f th e Huns. The re are cu rio u s legends a bo utGog and Mago g o n th e

o ld po rto lan i. B ianca (1436) h a s i t tha t A lexande r im pr i soned theJ ews in the ir land. C. R. M .

3 Th e H o ang Ho .

5 S ea o f Azo f.

46 ROADS TO CH INA—MONGOLIA

by the is l e of JANULA by the Gu l f of MON IMEN’

I‘

I1 and so

to the c i ty of TRASTARGO : thence tak ing the road to

NORGANCIO and cross i ng the MONTES CASPIOS to the c i ty

of CATO and the k ingdom of BOCARIN2. Thence a l l

A s i a must be crossed , withou t finding a c i ty or town to the

empire of CATAYO . The other way is by enteri ng the

Med i terranean Sea and going by the is l and of CH I PRE

to ARMEN IA the greater,thence to the c i ty of SAUASTO

which is i n TURQ UYA and t ravel l i ng on to the river EUFRA’

I‘

ES

a nd the c i ty of ARGOT. The empi re of MESOPO ’

I‘

AM IA

mu st then be crossed , thence reach ing the r iver of AR and

t ravel l ing by the k ingdom of LA EGLES IA which is i n the

empi re of Pe rs i a . Then cross al l Pers i a to the c ity of

TORIS“,l eav ing the Sea of SARA“ on the left hand

,and

t ravel l ing over al l the k i ngdom of S I RAS wh ich has ne i ther

c i ty nor town . Then cross the k ingdom of SARMAGANT 5

a lways work ing to the eastward to the k ingdom of S(gIM.

The SQ IM is not the one we spoke of b efore , for the other

SQIM is i n h igher I nd ia , bou nded by the eastern sea , whi le

th is borders on the empi re of CATAYO . But from SQ IM

to CATAYO there is ne i ther c i ty nor town because the

i nhab i tants a l l l i ve i n the cou ntry.

I departed from the emp i re of CATAYA towards the

north, up the cou rse of the r iver MAGOT and t rave l led for

s ixty-five days. I d id not find town nor c i ty . Th e l and

is ent i rely i nhab i ted by tribes with flocks . I t is a l l a pla i n

country and ha s no stones,nor t rees , nor peop le who eat

b read,b ut on ly meat and m i l k . Y et they sow a seed which

they cal l m om s“,someth ing l i ke ajorzjolz

'

. I t is sown at

any t ime of the year , presently sprou ts, and is reaped after

th i rty days. This is ra ised i n great qu ant i ty . I t is cooked

1 Mertuo y.

2 Bo kha ra .

3 Tabriz . ‘1 Ca sp ian .

5 Sam a rcand.

6 P/mseolus M a ng o . Mo ndjo f I b n B atuta , sm a l l green bean .

MONGOLIA 47

with m i l k,and makes very good food , which the people

eat and give to travel lers. These tribes have many horses

withou t number. They do not eat barley because there is

none,b ut on ly hay . They are so numerou s becau se the

c l imate is su i tab le . Thence I reached the MONTES CASPIOS

of MAGOT . Know that these m o unta ins‘

are of immeasu rab l e

he ight,and su rround TARTARIA from sea to se a

,and there

is on ly one very narrow pass . Here there is a cast le bu i l t

of magnet i ron throughou t ; for natu re made i t i n th is

manner,and it reaches to the c louds. At its foot r ises the

river MAGOT. On the other s ide there is another cast le

wh ich is a s high,a nd bu i l t of the same stone

,cal led GO ’

I‘ 1

The cast les are very h igh on the top ,so that ten thou sand

men c an res ide in each of them . Between the two are the

I ron Ga les which shu t the entrance to TARTAR IA . W i th i n

these mou ntains al l the land is plain withou t stones or

t rees, and with a temperate c l imate,and left to many

flocks . I t is a hund red days j ou rney long and seventy broad,

al l c losed in by these MONTES CASPIOS . To the east i t

is al l bou nded by the sea ,and also there are very great

rocky dales. W i th in th is TARTARIA there are countless

t ribes who do not observe any of the commandments of

God,except that they do no evi l one to another. They are

very c o nfident,and great fighters both on foot and o n

horseback,i nsomu ch that A lexander was unab le to conqu er

them,or to enter thei r cou ntry by the mounta ins for

they shu t and fastened those i ron gates by plac ing great

rocks against them , and they were c losed for a long t ime .

Eventual ly they removed the obst ruct ion ,com ing o ut and

conqu ering a great part of the world themselves. For

from that l i neage came al l those of the emp i re of CATAYO .

From that l i neage a lso came those of the empi res of

1 Gog and M ago g are from E z e/zz'

e! xxxv i i i. Gog the ch ie f pr ince o f

Me sh eck and Tuba l,c om ing fro m h is p lace o ut o f the no r th pa rts.

C . R. M .

48 TI BET

ARMALEC, ARAUIA ,and MESOPOTAM IA

,al l the Pers i ans

,

those of the empi re of SARA,a s wel l Tu rks a s Tartars

,

Saracens and Goths. Some of them tu rned to the l aw

of Abraham and others tu rned Moors . The wise men of

TARTAR IA say that when 7000 years of the era of Adam

are completed,they wi l l be lords of the whole face of the

earth,and wi l l make al l peoples con form to thei r l aw and

to the i r freedom . But certa in ly they observe no l aw what

ever, and keep no commandments of God except not

doing evi l one to another. Th is enc losed TARTARIA fo rms

a fou rth part of the whole earth . I n the m idd le of th is

l and there is a great lake wh ich they cal led the TABASUM

se a1. The people of th is l and are cal led MOGOLES and

the l and is known a s MOGOLI N ,the l and of TAGOJAR,

the

land of GOT and MAGOT. W i th these mou ntai ns the

empi re of CATAYO is bounded . I l i ved for some t ime in

that cast le of MAGOT becau se I saw and heard marvel lous

th ings every day. On the north s ide TARTARIA is bou nded

by the lands of ALBI Z IBI which are desert and u n inhab i ted,

though there are people i n some places who are vi l e and

eaters of raw flesh and fish . They have long faces l ike

dogs,b ut they are wh i te and do anyth ing they see to do .

They are ca l led S I NOFALOS2. I saw one of them i n the

c i ty of NORGANCIO .

I n th is empi re of CATAYO there is a k ingdom cal led

SQ IM3 which borders on the k ingdoms of SARMAGANT“

,

BOGARIN 5,and TRIMIC“. This k ingdom of sctM is i n

I nd ia the h igh,which borders on the eastern sea . And

from th is k ingdom of SQIM comes the great mou ntai n

CAUCASUM which extends from the eastern se a to I nd ia

1 Lake Lo b .

2 C ino ce fa lo s. On the m ap o f th e Pisigan i (1 367) the re I S a legendabo ut th em wr i t ten nea r th e rive r Tana is.

3 India Transgangetica .

‘1 Sam a rcand.

5 B okh a ra .

6 Tibet(Elb e it) .

THE IND IES '

49

the low. Th e k ingdom of TRIM IC is al l su rrounded by

mou ntains which give rise to many fou ntai ns and rivers .

Th is l and ha s a very heal thy c l imate and ag u é z'

la a’a1so

that those who are born and l i ve here have very long l ives .

They are men of c lear understand ings and good memories ,l earned in the sc iences

,and l ive accord ing to l aw 2

. They

say that the men who first heard of sc ience and l earn ing

were these,and that the Pers i ans heard of those th ings

from them . For th is reason they deserve honou r more

than any others because no others equal them in sc ience

nor i n learn i ng : and for th is they deserve honou r above al l

other men . For the others d id not equal these i n sc ience

or l earn ing . Th is is b e ca usg them ati hg b irthplac e b L

tbe -east,and the rest of the towns and great c i t ies

,and

the root of th is k ingdom are al l du e to the temperate

c l imate which tempered thei r bod ies and the good extended

to thei r spi ri ts,and gave them better u nderstand ings and

clearer memories . For th is they deserved greater honou r 3 .

Beyond these are the people of Ind i a who are near the

equ inoct ial l i ne . Thei r land is very hot . Most of the i r

towns are on the se a shore and there are many isl ands.

So that the a i r rece ives moistu re from the se a,and tempers

the d ryness and heat . In th is way are formed beau t i fu l

bod ies and gracefu l form s,with fine hai r ; which are no t

produ ced by the heat,except that i t produ ces dark colou r .

Ind ia the h igh is bou nded by the eastern se a which is

cal led MARE SERICUM or MARE CAN SASUR from the MONTES

CAUCASOS . I n th is se a there is a great is l and cal led

MAN Z IE“ ; and beyond i t there is another known a s PARA

D ISUS5,and here a great gu l f penetrates i n to the l and , and

1 Or ag u lz’

lada , from th e Arab ic g z’

a lz'

l,grand

,i l lus tr io us .

2 Tibe tans .

3 Th is is th e ea rl ie stEu ro pean a c co un t o f the T ibe tans.

1 M anj i o f M a rco P010, and M anc i o f Orderico de Bordenone .

5 Fo rm o sa .

M . B. K.

so CH INA TO BOKHARA

covers a l l u nt i l i t comes to the western se a . They cal l i t

the Sea of I nd ia . Ou the shores of that se a is I nd ia the

h igh,and Ind i a the sandy

,and the c i t ies of Nub ia . Know

that the water of th is se a is warm l ike the water in a bath,

and great fish are bred in it. The other two k ingdoms

are to the westward . The firstof these lands is BABILONJA ,

the second PERS IA . Thei r inhab i tants are a temperate race,

because they are i n the m idd le of the c l imates,i n a l ocal ity

where natu res and complex ions are equal,being i n the

commencement of the western peoples . For th is reason

also they are c lever and have good memories,favou ring

sc ience and learn i ng,and the format ion of government and

l aws . They meri t nob i l i ty,being in the western part where

the heat is not so great . They are cons idered to be i n the

second grade of the nob i l i ty of the orienta ls . Owing to

th is the Romans, who are i n the fifth c l imate , and take the

s ixth,where they held sovereign ty

,are less than the others

a s regards law, sc ience , and learn i ng . Consequ ent ly they

are haughty,proud

,qu arre lsome

,and warl ike . But those

of SQ IMl meri t nob i l i ty above al l . There are fou r great

c i t ies i n sctM cal led CATIGORA2, CEB IA , CUC I and BACERTA .

The flag of the King of SQ IM is wh ite wi th a fig ure of the

sun i n the centre. (See P late XVI ,I departed from MAGOT where I had res ided for some

t ime and travel led wi th some compan ions 2 5 days j ou rney

to the westward,to the c i ty of BOGARIN where the K ing

always res ides. I t is a very great c i ty,and a river flows

by it3,wh ich has its sou rce i n the MONTES CASPIOS . Here

I met with merchants who came from CATAYO and t rave l led

with u s 3 5 days j ou rney to another c i ty cal led CATO ,the

1 Sgim a ppea rs to b e a k ingdo m o f h ea rsa y. I t m ay re fe r to som e

c o nfused s to ries a bo u t the pe o p le o f B e nga l and Bu rm a . Or i t m ayb e S iam wh ich is c a l led Cz

'

m'

by Varthem a (p. C . R. M .

2 Ch i t tago ng ?3 O xus ?

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5 2 TIGRIS AND EU PHRATES

the mou ntai ns of TORO . I fo l lowed up the cou rse of this

r iver unt i l I came to the mounta ins of TORO which are i n

the m idd l e of the l and of the Emperor of Pers i a . From

these mountai ns fou r great r ivers flow. They cal l one the

TIGRIS which enters the Sea of SARA between two c i t ies

cal led GODASPA and SARMAGANTE wh ich be longed to the

empi re of Pers ia . The other, cal led CU R 1 , goes through

Pers i a,and there are many c it ies on its banks . The k ing

dom near the mou ntains of TORO is cal led EGLESIA and is

i nhab i ted by A rmen ian Christ i ans . Another c i ty is cal led

MALASCORT2a nd another NASOL 3

,others 011 1315

4,SUSCAR,

MAXATE ",MAHUMEN “

,BRASAR

7,and AQ UIS IO

8 on the

shores of the B lack Sea . The th i rd r iver,cal led EUFRATES

,

ha s on its banks ARCOR,NEGA ,

CAMAC,ALARGEO ,

and

MALAX IA . This r iver h a s three arms . One flows to the

Red Sea”,another goes by A rab i a to the B lack Sea

,another

flows by DAMASCO and the land of JAFET to the Mediter

ra nean Sea 10 The fou rth river,cal led SURMENA

,goes by

TORIS and JORGAN IA ,enter ing the MARE MAYOR near

TRAPESONDA . Then I left the mounta i n of TORO and

went to see the mounta ins of ARMEN IA the greater, where

the ark of NOE arr ived when i t escaped the u n iversal

del uge . This mou ntai n is of sa l t stone a s white a s c rystal .

Know that is one of the h ighest mou nta ins i n the world .

No man ha s been ab l e to ascend it, though attempts have

been made many t imes . These mou ntains are i n the

empi re of Pers i a . A ll rou nd the cou nt ry is i nhab i ted by

A rmen ian Christ ians who are the guards of the Emperor

and he places mu ch t rust i n them . I departed from

ARMEN IA and came to the great c i ty of TORIS 11 which is

1 C yrus o r Kur.

2 Me le sg ird.

3 M o su l .6 M adja r . 6 Mo ham m era .

7 Busso ra .

9 Shown o n the m appem o nde o f Sanudo 1 32 1 .

10 Shown o n the m ap o f Pisigani and the Cata lan o f 1 376.

11 Tabriz .

PLATE 17

80 PERS IA (s )

8 1 SALONICA

8 2 CONSTANTINOPLE (s ) CONSTANTINOPLE

8 3 WIDDIN (s )

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54 MONGAL SHAH

o n the Pers ian Gu l f. Its l ength is 1 2 5 days j ou rney and

its wid th from the ri ver CUR to the c i ty of S IRAS 100 days

j ou rney. BENASCAYT,Emperor of Pers ia , assemb l ed a very

great host and went to fight with UXBECO,Emperor of

SARA . There arrived more than a m i l l ion and a hal f of

caval ry . Then BENASCAYT prom ised some A rmen i an monks

whom he consu l ted , that i f he won the batt le he wou l d

become a Chr ist ian . The A rmen ian Chr ist ians , who came

with h im,marched with a cross before them and

,God help

ing, he conquered . UXBECO was defeated and his caval ry

fled . M any were k i l l ed or taken prisoners,al l thei r tents

p i l laged,and thei r women captu red . Th e conqueror ad

vanced far in to the enemy’

s cou ntry. A fter th is some

M oorish Hajj is who preached dai ly to BENASCAYT,gave

him certai n herbs and he d i ed 1 . But the Kings of Pers i a

always favou red the Christ i ans and t rusted them . A fter

th is I left Pers i a wi th some merchants who came from

CATAYO . We crossed the river CUR at the isl and of AUSERO

and came to the c i ty of MESAPOTAM IA i n the empi re of

BALDAC . Thence we t rave l l ed for a great d istance wi thou t

com ing to any c i ty,for al l the inhab i tan ts l ived i n the

country . We nex t came to the river EUFRATES and cross

i ng it,came to a c i ty ca l led LUALAXA . Here a branch of

the r iver tu rns to DAMASC’

O and the l and of JAFET,fal l i ng

into the Med i terranean Sea . Then I went a long the rive r

AYUSO u nt i l I came to a c i ty ca l led TRIPUL2 of SUR IA

wh ich is on the shore of the Med i terranean . There I

embark ed i n a sh ip of Christ i ans and went to CH I PRE 3,

thence to the is l es of ROMAN IA and ANCANDIA ,thence to

the MOREA and thence to CRETA,NEGROPONT

,and a

k ingdom of Greeks wh ich they cal l SALONICO ,bordering

1 Se e Deg u zgnes 111 . 269 . Ab u Sa id encam ped o n th e ba nks o f

the Kur or Cy rus, and the fo rces o f Usbeg re t re a ted. Ab u S a id diedwh i le tak ing a ba th . O th ers say tha t h is fa vo u r i te w ife po iso ned h im1 3 3 5 °

2 Tripo l i . 3 Cyprus.

CONSTANTINOPLE 5 5

o n MACEDON IA,where the great A l exander reigned . The

King of SALON I CA has for h is device a red flag w ith a‘

yel low cross and fou r cha i n l i n ks . (See P late XVI I ,Thence I went to a c i ty they cal l GAL IPOLI which is

on the shore of the gu l f between the Med i terranean and the

greate r se a . By th is way the French passed when they

conquered SUR IA . Thence I went along the se a coast to a

c i ty they cal l RECREA 1 and thence to the c i ty of CON

STANTINOPLA ,a rich c i ty

,the cap ita l of the emp i re where

they crown the Kings . Here there is a chu rch of God

cal led SANTA SOFIA ,which is very wide

,lofty

,and beau t i fu l .

Before i t there is a tower of stone wh ich ha s not been

ascended . On the summ it of th is tower there is placed a

kn ight wi th h is horse of metal . I t is very l arge,and he

has on h is head an episcopal hat . I t is i n honou r of the

Emperor Constant ine . H is r ight hand is ex tended toward s

TURQU IA which wa s formerly cal led AS IA M INOR,on the

other s ide of th is gu l f of the se a2

. The Emperor of Con

stantino ple ha s for h is devi ce a flag qu arterly,I st and 4th

argen t a c ross gu l es,2nd and 3rd gu les a cross or between

fou r cha in l i nks o r. (See Plate XVI I ,I l eft Constant i nople and entered the MARE MAY0R 3

,

proceed i ng along the coast on the left hand u nt i l I came to

a k ingdom cal led LODOMAGO . I t is a very r ich count ry .

The King ha s for a device a red flag with a yel low cross

between fou r chain l i nks . (See Plate XVI I ,Leaving LODOMAGO I came to MESENBEZ , and thence

to BARNA . Here is the true Greece,a nd the empi re of the

Greeks i n Greece is formed of many prov inces,namely

ARCHADIA“,ACH IA 5

,BOECIA 6

,MACEDON IA 7

, CAHON IA ,

1 H e ra c lea .

2 A c o lum n. Th e sta tu e o f Co nstan t ine fe l l in 1 207 . Th e sta tue'

o f Th eodo s ius wa s a fte rwa rds p la c ed o n th e c o lum n m ade o f s i lve r.The ep isc o pa l h at wa s pro bab ly a 7zz

'

m b zzs o r c rown .

3 Eux ine .

4 Arcadia .

6 Acha ia .

6 B o eo t ia .

7 M a cedo n ia .

5 6 GREEK EMPEROR’S DOM IN IONS—DAN UBE

LETEDOMON IA 1, CESALON ICA

2,PARUS " : another MACEDON IA

up to CONSTANTINOPLA ,and the land of SUFRAGIA ,

a nd

the land of M I CA L I . Near al l these l ands there is a river

cal led P I RUS which rises i n the mou ntai ns of GERUA .

I depa rted from the k ingdom of MENSEBER and went

a long the shore of the MARE MAYOR to a great c i ty cal led

VECINA 4. Here n ine rivers u n i te,and fal l i nto the MARE

MAYOR . They cal l the first TURBO,the second DAN UBIO ,

the th i rd DAC IA , the fou rth DRINAGO,the fifth P INGA

,the

s ix th RABA ,the seventh RABESA,

the e ighth UR,the n inth

VEC INE“. These n ine rive rs make a great commot ion before

th is c i ty of VEC INA wh ich is the cap ita l of the k ingdom .

I t ha s a wh i te flag with fou r red squ ares. (See Plate XVI I ,I departed from VEC INA and went along the coast to

MAURO CASTRO and thence to LOB0,a very h igh mou ntain

,

and near i t there is a river cal led LUSUR wh ich rises i n the

mou ntains REXOS. A fter th is port there is a c i ty cal led

FIDEA,the head of the k ingdom . I t ha s the same flag a s

UXLETO because i t is its dependency. Thence I went to

the port of N IGROPILA which is i n a large gu l f o f the MARE

MAYOR . Thence I reached the Cape of GOTIA wh ich is

between the MARE MAYOR 6 and the Sea of LETANA 7. The

Goths occupied th is cape when they wen t forth to bes iege

A LEXANDRE . The cape borders on two very ex tens i ve

provinces , the land of the King DAV ID and the provi nce of

ANOGASIA , and TANA . Thence I entered the Sea of TANA

by a st rai t between the Capes of GOTIA and TUS, where

there is a c ity ca l led MATERGA . There are three k ingdoms

bordering on th is Sea of LETANA,which are subj ect to

UXLETO . These are COMAN IA whose people a re Christ i ans,

Co m ane s TANA a count ry of TU RCOS and TARTAROS and

CANARDI . They are d iv ided by a great r ive r cal led

1 La c edem on ia .

2 Sa lon ica .

3 Ep i rus.

4 W iddin.

5 Su l ina ? 6 Eux ine .7 Sea o fA z o f.

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PLATE 18

84 S EBASTOPOL (s ) 8 5 TREB IZ OND (s )

8 6 SAMSUN (s )

8 7 FERADELFIA (s ) 8 7 FERADELFIA (N)

SHORES OF THE E UX INE 5 7

TANAY 1 , from which the c i ty takes its name . The flags

o f these k ingdoms are the same a s that of the i r over- l ord

UXLETO .

I departed from the Sea of LETANA and proceeded

a long the shores of the eastern s i de of the MARE MAYOR for

a very long d istance,pass i ng by ARUASAXIA

,and PESONTA

i n the empi re of UXLETO ,and arr ived i n the k ingdom of

SANT ESTROPOLI which is i nhab i ted by COMANES Ch rist ians .

Here there are many people who have Jewish descent,b ut

a ll perform the works of Christ ians i n the sacrifice s,more

a fter the Greek than the Lat i n Chu rch . The King ha s for

h is flag—gu l es a hand argent . (See Plate XVI I I ,I l eft SANT ESTROPOL I and wen t to GORGANI A which

i s between the MARE MAYOR and the MAR DE SARA 2, a

very extens i ve l and of the empi re of UXLETO 3. I then

went along the shore,pass ing by FAXA and GON ISA to the

c i ty of TRAPESONDA“ where I remained for some t ime .

Th is empi re borders o n TURQU IA,b ut the people are

Greek Christ ians . The Emperor of TRAPESONDA ha s for

h is device a red flag with a golden two—headed eagle .

(See P late XVI I I ,I departed from TRAPESONDA and went by QUIN ISONDA

a rriving at the k ingdom of SEM ISO 6, a large and popu lous

terr i tory bordering o n TURQU IA and the MAR MAYOR .

The King h as for h is device a wh ite flag with a s ign l ike

th is . Th e people are Greek Christ ians . (See Plate XVI I I ,I departed from SEM ISO and

,st i l l go i ng along the coast

,

c ame to a k ingdom they ca l l CASTELLE“,inhab i ted by

Greek Christ ians who are at war with the TURCOS. This

k ingdom is st rong and popu lous . Its dev ic e is a red flag

with a golden cross between fou r cha in l i nks.

From CASTELLE I went to SAMASC0 7,thence to PUNTA

4 Trebizond.

5 8 SOUTH SHORE OF THE EUXINE

RAN CHA and CARP I,arriv i ng at a k ingdom cal led PALOLI

MEN 1 bordering on the provi nce of TROYA and the MAR

MAYOR . Its i nhab i tants are Greek Christ ians.

I l eft PALOLIMEN and went b y DIASCH ILO to FERA

DELF IA , and fou nd a ri ch and wel l suppl ied c ity . A ll

these c it ies are i n TURQU IA anc ient ly cal led AS IA M INOR .

The King h as for h is dev ice a flag parted per pale,argent

and azu re and on a fie ld argent a cross gu l es . (See P late

xvm ,

I departed from the k ingdom of FERADELF IA and went

to another k ingdom cal led ATOLOGO wh ich contains ex

tens ive terr i tory near the se a . The King ha s for h is devi ce

a red flag charged with a b l ack wheel . (See Plate X IX,

I l eft ATOLOGO,t ravel l i ng by land with some merchants,

went across al l TURQU IA a nd came to the c i ty of SAUASCO 2

Leav ing that place I crossed a river which rises in the

mou ntains of TORO,t ravel led over JORGAN IA

3u nt i l I

arr ived at the Sea of SARA,at a c ity ca l l ed DERUENT 4

,

having an extens i ve and wel l supp l ied terr i tory : b ut the

c l imate is cold . The flag is that of UXBECO ,to wh ich

empi re DERUENT is su bj ect . AtDERUENT I embarked on

the Sea of SARA i n a pm gfi/o , and arrived at a c i ty cal led

CARAOL ,i n a very great and wel l suppl ied k ingdom subj ect

to the empi re of Pers ia .

Between DERUENT and CARAOL there is a port cal led

JANUAS FERR I . There are many wars concern ing it,for

DERUENT is i n the empi re of UXBECO and CARAOL is

in the emp i re of Pers ia . Then I went from CARAOL to

AXBRAN5

,BARNACHU

G,and the point of BACU which is al l

su rrou nded by the Sea of SARA , b ut there is one entrance

by the main land . Here a great r iver enters the Sea of

SARA ,which they cal l T IGRES 7. I t comes from the lofty

1 Saka ria , nea r Scu ta r i .2 S iwas ? 3 Ge o rgia .

4 De rbent.6 Sh irvan .

6 N ea r Baku .

7 Kur o r Cyrus.

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CASP IAN 59

mountains of TORO,and flows across ARMEN IA the greater.

At the approach to the point there is a great c i ty cal led

BACU , and the adj acent sea is know a s SARA DE BACU .

This name is also given to the King of that l and who is

known a s DON BACUS . He wa s very powerfu l and got

the people to bel ieve that he wa s a god , and shou l d be

worshipped a s a g od. He wa s spoken of a s the god DON

BACUS , and he founded th is c i ty of BACU . The TARTAROS

have many names for th is Sea of SARA . They cal l i t the

Sea of CASP IO after the MONTES CASPIOS , and the Sea of

JORGAN IA ,and of QU I LLAN

,those coun tries being o n its

shoes. They cal l i t the Sea of BACU after the c i ty of BACU .

I departed from the c ity of BACU and went by GUDASPU ,

REVERSA,AYAR

,MAUMET

,ASANGU,

MUSAUR,ESPAUOR,

Q U ILLAN along the shores of the Sea of SARA . They are

to the sou th,i n the empi re of Pers ia . Then I went along

the shore on the oth er s id e to the north,by the Gu l f of

MON IMENTI,to TRESCARGO

,CONTULICANCH I , and to the

great c i ty of SARA where UXBECO wa s c rowned Emperor of

the TARTAROS . Th is c i ty is s i tu ated i n the Gu l f of MON I

MENTI,and o n the river TANAY 1

,along the banks of which

there are many rich c i t ies,b ut i t is a very cold cou nt ry .

Th e device of the Emperor of SARA is a wh i te flag with a

red s ign .

I departed from the c i ty of SARA a nd went up the cou rse

of the river TI RUS u nt i l i t j o ined the TANAY 2. The c it ies

wh ich I passed on the banks of the TANAY are BALTA

CH IN CA,ESCLEURZ A ,

TI FER,CORANCH I , which are cap itals

of k ingdoms,each o ne with ex tens i ve bounds, belonging to

the emp ire of Sara . They are r ich a nd wel l suppl ied l ands,

1 A m istake forTwe r. The cap ita l o f Kipcha c o r em p ire o f U zbegwa s de st ro yed by Tim o u r in 1 403 . It wa s on th e le ft bank o f th e

Vo lga , betwe en that r ive r and th e Gu lf o f Mertuoy, wh ich the

F ranc isc an ca l ls M on im ent i .”2 Vo lga

60 RUSS IA

with many flo cks , c am e1s,cows and bu ffaloes . I went on

to the j unct ion of the river TIR, which others cal l the

CASPIO,r is i ng i n the mou ntains CASPIOS . Th is river TI R

comes from the great TANAYS l ake , and both un ited form

a very large river flowing north so that i t is not known

where i t ends. I t flows i n to the ALBIZ I BI count ry,wh ich

is desert and un inhab i ted,except that i n a few p laces there

are vi le people who eat raw flesh and fish,and have long

faces l i ke dogs. They are cal led S IGNOFALOS . I tu rned

to the westward up the r iver TIR becau se I was unab le to

pass it, ow ing to the great wid th . I arrived at a province

cal led SEBUR where there is a great c i ty cal led CASORAMA ,

its cap ital . Th is k ingdom is qu i te su rrounded by the two

rivers TYR and TANAY .

I departed from the k ingdom of SEBUR and arrived at

c i t ies cal led TASCOAR and PIDEA . H ere I crossed the

r iver TANAY and entered a great province c'

al led R0XIA1

i n which there is a c i ty cal led XORMAN , the cap i tal of the

k ingdom . I t is bounded by the great lake of TANAY,

which is three days j ou rney in length and two broad 2.

Three very great r ivers flow from it,one cal led TANAY

fal l i ng i nto the MAR MAYOR beyond the c ity of TANA,

another cal led TIR flowing i n to the deserts of ALBIRZ IBI,

the other NU 3 tu rn i ng to the west towards the se a of

ALEMANA beyond a c i ty cal led VI RONA . Th is r iver of

N U bou nds a great province cal led SIQCIA ,a very cold

cou nt ry . I n th is S IQC IA there is a great c i ty ,the cap ita l o f

the k ingdom,cal led NOGARADO "

. Th e King h a s for h is

device a red flag with a wh ite cast le . (See Plate X IX ,

I departed from S IQCI A and entered another k ingdom

1 Ru ss ia .

2 Im ag ina ry , b ut be l ie ved in by m o st o f the m iddle age ge o

graphers.

3 Dw ina .

4 N o vg orod.

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PLATE 20

9 3 TRANSYLVAN IA (s )

94 YRCANIA (s )

RUSS IA 6 1

they cal l XOR-MAN i n which there is a great c ity with the

same name,the cap i ta l .

Leaving KORMAN I present ly came to MAXAR a k ing

dom in wh ich there are three c i t ies GASAMA ‘,LASAG,

and

M0N SCA0R 2. This k ingdom l ies between the k ingdoms of

VOGARADO and SILUANA . Th is King of MAKAR h a s for h is

device a pu rp le flag with whi te stars . (See P late X IX ,

From MAXAR I went to the k ingdom of SILUANA which

they cal l SEPTEN CASTRA and the Greek s cal l i t HORGIML .

I t is enc i rc led by two great r ivers,the TURBO and LUSIM .

I n th is k ingdom there is a great c i ty ca l led SARAX . The

k ing has for a device a green flag with a red sc im i tar .

The people are sch ismati c Christ ians . (See Plate XX ,

Ascend ing the river TIR toward s the north there are two

very l arge prov inces cal led YRCAN IA and GOTIA,whence

the Goths came forth who entered Spain . I t is cal led the

land of NOGULAUS . Th e people are strong and warl ike,

b ut thei r coun t ry is very col d .

Th is GOTIA and YRCAN IA march wi th the l ofty moun

ta i ns of TRASMONTANA . I n these mou nta ins the north

sta r is seen in the m i dd le of the heavens,and throughou t

the year there is dayl ight for s ix months, and n ight for six

months . I t is un inhab i ted,yet they say that m e n are met

with whose heads come o ut of thei r shou lders,having no

necks whatever. Thei r beards are on thei r breasts,and

thei r ears reach to the shou lders. There are also fou nd

i n th is l and very great bears and wi ld beasts,a s I have

al ready related . These two provinces of YRCAN IA and

GOTIA were peopled by the GODOS who came from the

closed TARTAR IA,from the castl e of GOT and MAGOT when

they del iberated on the s iege of ALEXANDRE , and the con

quest of the greater part of the world . W i th th is GOTIA

m arches another prov ince cal led PASCHAR wh ich borders

1 Ka zan .

2 M o sc o w .

62 SWEDEN— FLANDERS,BACK TO SEVI LLE

on SUEUIA . I n th is SUEUIA there is a great provi nce

cal l ed RODERIN ,and two great lakes

,each a day’

s jou rney

across. One is cal led STOCOL , the other LACUS ESTARSE .

They su rround a great land between the Sea of ALEMAN IA

and the m ou ntains of the TRASMONTANA . I t is a l and

cold withou t measu re. A fterwards these two r ivers fal l

i nto the Sea of ALEMAN IA, i n a gu l f of that se a wh ich they

cal l the STOCOL gu lf. Th is gu l f is frozen for the greater

part of the t ime , owing to the intense co ld . I n this se a is

the is l and of GODLANDIA which I have al ready ment ioned .

I departed from SUEUIA and tu rned to the sea shore ,reach ing a c i ty wh ich they cal l SORDEPIN , and thence to

another cal led CALMAR,thence to ESTOCAL

,SORMENCES,

YSTAC,a nd LONDIS . I n LONDIS I embarked in a German

a rroca1 and steered west i n the Sea of ALEMAN IA . We

fou nd hy e is l ands i n th is se a, GODLANDIA, COLA ,

B ISCAR,

BONDELET,and SALAND IA. Here a great gu l f o f the Sea

of ALEMANA enters,and su rrou nds al l the k ingdom of

DAC IA of the Danes. I n the entrance to th is gu l f there are

two isl ands cal led JANGLANT a nd FINONIA . Thence I

went to Flanders,and from there to Sevi l le

,the c i ty from

which I first started .

1 Com o r Cocc'

a,a vesse l for sa i ls on ly, m uch used in th e m iddle

ages

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F la uders etc.

Ze e landMa estr ich tL iegeDo rdre ch tLyonsRh one

Da nu be

TUSNA

COLANDAALB IARUYNA

ER R IAFINON IA

GANGLANTE

Tuna staufi'

(Le lowe l)Pa ssauBa va riaEnb ruga

R a t isbonViennaH ederwar

W iddin

H o l landE lbeRom o

Am ro m

Fann é

H e lgo land

Denm ark

Denm a rkVibo rgBo rlun

RibeAb rensb ok

(H o lste in)Rande rsAa rh usOdensee

H ade rslevDan ish SeaGotto rpTo nde rDenm a rkDan ia ?

Germ a ny

LUBECROSGOT

BONDISMAGUE

GR ISUALDIZ

ALECHON lake

CORVER IC

ESCORPE

DANS ICHA

Lube ckRo sto ckLude rsh agenGre ifswa ldM a lch inCo lbe rgSto lpe inPom e ran ia

Dan zig

PLACES IN THE I R COUNTRIES

TURON IA Tho rne , giv ingits nam e to th e

Vistu la

B o/zem z'

a

Gro ssenh e im

Po senS ie radzN o ssen

PragueVada lusCo un t ry o f

Vanda ls

Po land, etc.

SANTANORIA Sandom i rCURCONIA C ra co wCULMAN C u lmL ITEFAMA Livon iaCATALANT C o u rlandSANTA MAR IA Mariem po l

R INALIA R eve lVQIBANT Wenden

UNGRAD IA N o vo gred

VIRONA Virland

TANAIZ Do n

LUMBREC Lim bu rgLEON pe rha ps

Lem bergKiogWaradim

Suavia

Sweden

Rogg erwick

Ska rstaAdine in

Scan iaCo a s t nea r

LundLundI stadSode rm a n

N ow Wene rOf Sto ckh o lm

M a la rGOTLANDIA Gothland Is.

BISUY W isbyOX IL IA O ese lGOTA Go thland

ESTOCOL S to ckh o lmSTOCOL Gu lfCALMAN Ca lm a rSURDEPINCHE So nderkoping

PLACES IN THEI R COUNTRIES

REG I S . B e rge nN IDROX IA .N ida ro sTRONDE . Tro ndjhernTRUNBERES Tronsb e rg

B a ltic I sles

COLA GlandL I STE R (B I SCAR ) L i s te rby ne a r

Carlscro na

BONDOLA Bo rnh o lrn

SALANDA Ze e l andSALAND I Co penh agenR ISENT R ingstedALENDA La a la ndESCON I N S to r H eddingT ILLE .Te lem a rken

S cotla nd

Dum frie sEdinbu rghB e rw ick

E ng la nd

Lo ndo nW indso rSo u th am p to nB r i s to lDa r tm o u thP lym o u thM i lfo rdWa l e s

I re la nd

ESTAN FORDA

YMER IA

GATAFORDA

RO I SDON BEL IN

ETERN S

ARTAN IA

QITILANTI BE RN IA

Sfia z’

n

PONTEVED RAGAL IC IATA R I FAMALAGAGRANADALO RCAA RAGONcARAGocA

M . B. K .

RUEDANO ?’

A RLEAV1N0N

MON ACOGENOUA

LOMBA RD IAMED IOLANEN S I S

CLAMONA

BOLONAPADYTA

PANONUX

PAV IABURGARAVENAPLAZ ENCUX

PISA.

TOSCANA

FLORENCUX

ROMA1 1 BRE 7

f

Rh o neArle sAv 1gn0n

M o u a c o

Geno a

Lom ba rdyM ilanC rem ona

B o l ognaPadu aPa rm a

Pa v iaB e rgam o

R a vennaPla c en z a

P i saTuscanyF lo renc eRom e

T1he rALBERN IA ALPES Apenn ine sANTONA (Mar de ) Adn atl cARNO 7

’

ROMANANAPOL

PU LLACALABR IASURENT I

SALE RNOPOL ICASTROSTA LEA

R EZ OGIRAZ O

COTRUM

TA RANTOENTRANTO

BRAND I Z O

MONAPOLI

VLAR

BARLETO

MON FRODOYE

PESCA RAZ CH I LAZ O

A rnoR o m agnaN a p le sApu l iaCa labriaS o rren toSa le rnoP o l ic a stroS ca le aR egg i oGe ra c eCo t ro neTa ren tumO t ran toBrindl s 1

Mo nopo lis

B a r iBa rle t taMan fredon ia

P e sc a raSqu i l la c e

66 PLAC 12s IN

VENEQIA, Gu l f o f Adr i a t icPESCA RA P e sca raANTONA Anco na

REUENA R a vennaVEN EclA Ven ic eESCLAVON IA S la von iaAQ UYLEA Aqu ile laTRIESA Tr1e ste

PA R ENZ O Pa ren zoSENA Segna

Da lm a l z'

a

Za raB o sn iaSa ve r1ver

R a abD ra ve

THE I R COUNTRIES

POSGA

BIUER

Tr ibu ta ry o f

the R a ab

H ung ary

H unga ryPa nno n iaSe ben ic o inDa lm a t ia

NARENT r Ga be l la ? inDa lm a t ia

D u lc ignoB u lga r iaD ra ve ?D rm a ?

SATAL IA

NATUR IS INBICHON

Ja urim ? o n the TURQ UYA

DanubeB udaS irm ia

CANDEBOR

B e twe e n Da n

ub e a nd S a veM anne rsdo rf

ne a r Gu n tzAn a ffluent o f

th e Da nube

B e twe en S avea nd Dra veSe rv iaW iddinCh o na e inH unga ry

Ca sso via ,Ca schow

B i va r o n the .

Danube

Pha ra Ve ro u

Ya va rin o n the

Danube

Co m o ru

Ra c zke vi 011

the D an ubeBa lu sVilak on th e

Danube

Vara sdin

M u rs ia , Esz e lnD u ra zzo

Greece

MOREA M o re aTRAREOZ A Tro e z en

PATR I S P a t ra sCO RANTO Co r in thNEAPOL I N aupl iaMAR BAX A Ma lva sio r

COLOM Ko ro nMUTAM M odon

RODAS Rh ode sC RETA Candla

NEGROPONTE N egropo nt

A 5 72: M 777077

Ada l ia (AsiaM ino r)

Ana to l iaSeben ic o inDa lm a t ia ?

A RMEN IA LA MENOR W . pa r t o fArm en ia

A sia M ino rAla z a in As i aM i no r

Antio chetra in

As ia M i no rCo lc o s, Co rgo sCa ppado c iaC i l i c iaBe o c ia (Be o tia )? a m 1stake

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68 PLACES I N THE I R COUNTRIES

RACH ANM orocco

ALEGRANQA'

l ren1e <; en

M u lu v ia UEG IMAR

La rc udia

No ce na

N ow Pefio n de\ 7e le z

CEPTA Ge uui

FEZ Fez

CALE SaHe e

M IQUYNEZ Mequ ine z

R I BATE Ra ba tTANJAR Tang iersARZ I LA .Atfi fla SALVAJERAXY R aba t ?AZ AMOR Az am or

N I FE Anah

GUK 77 N ea r Saffe e

MARRUECOS M a ro c c oADMET Aghm a

ROMA IQ U IA

(w ife o f the K ing o f S e v i l le )MOGODOR M o gado recUQIA LA ALTA We ste rn A t la sATALANES Atla s

or

MONTES CLA ROS Atla s unt11 1 7th

or c en tu ry VENTURACA RENA Cha in o f th e

A t la sGAZ ULA Dje z u la , S .W.

o f A t la sZ AMATANA Sam atam at,

po r t o f Afr ic an. c o a st

Cape N a o

IBen i Sa b i

(Sub i ?)BUYDER ct Boyado r

Atlanti c I slesSULGUMENQA

TOLOMEO Africa ,N . co a st

LA CAR IDAD Al-Ka lidat o f

the Ara b ia ngeo gra ph e rs

C(177727 725

G ra c io saLa nz erote

One o f the

sm a l l Cana ryI sle s

Ro que , Ca naryI sle s

One o f the

Cana r ie s ?N ot in N or Rt ex ts. Sam e

a sBe z im arin

FO RTE VENTURA FuerteVenturaCAN AR I A Gran Cana r iaTENER I FE Tene r i ffeI SLA DEL INF IE RNO Pa lm a

GOMERA Go m e raFE R RO Fe rroARAGAN IA A p lac e inG ran

Cana r ia

M adeira s

DES IE RTA D e sarters

LECMANE M ade i raPUE RTO SANTO Pu e r to San to

A z ores

San ta M a r iaS an M igu e lP e rh apsTe rc e i raP i co , o ne o f th eA zo re s

Fa ya l,one o f

th e Azo re sSAN JORGE San J o rg e , o ne

o f th e Azo re sCON EJOS F lo re s

,o ne o f

the Azo resCUERVO MA R INES C o rvo , o ne o f

the A zo re s

Centra l Afri ed (jz'

rstjou rney )Z ICH IAL H AMBRA Sakiete l H am raI FURENT I franMASCAROTE At th e fo o t o f

the A t la sS ig ilm a siya le ,th e cap i ta l o fTa h le t . Sege lm ense o f Le o

Afric anus

R IO DE DARA .

TOCORON

TI BALBERT

CR IMA

MESQA

R IO DEL ORO .

GUYNOA

ORGANA

TAMA R

T IM ER

TAUSER

ALMEN AALBERTARA

M ERMACATIFI EL KHEBIR

SAPLOYA

TRIM IS IN

OADAC 7’

MANOLA

ORZ IA

Gu inea ,

Da rka pa sso ve r th e Atla s to Su s

Tam m erg rut,banks o f th eD ra a

Te b e lb et, S . o f

the At la sAh o a s isOa sisSo fAtla s

Gh ana , c ap i ta lo f Gu inea

Acgin ia

(Gu inea )N ea r a r i ve rr i s ing S . o f

A t la sSenega l r i ve r

thenth e c o un t ryo f Uppe rS enega l

O h the U ppe rSenega l

Oa sis o f pa lm s

in O rganaJ ebe l - 1 Tibe r

“M o n te de l

O ro .

” O a s isin O rgana

B o rde r ing o n

O rganaOa sis o fTau ser

1 7 H

3 ,

1 3 7 )

1 ? 3 )

Trem egen

R ising a tE e nd

o f Ca rena(A t la s) m ts

P la c e in

N ub l a ?In Trem egen ,

E sna ?in Trem ecen

?

W . o f N ub iaOne b ran c hflows we s ta ndb e co m e s

th e Senega lo r Rio de l

Oro , and on

its banks isth e k ingdo m

PLACES IN THE I R COUNTRIES

ENALCO 7’

GOTON IE

ELBAHAC

ELMOLAC

Z ANON

AZ EUEAN

MAL ICUN

AMENUAN

GORAN

o f Gu inea .

Th e o th e rb ran ch flows

th ro ughEgyptto th e

M editerra

nean . Be

twe en th emiS DONGOLA .

B o th rise inth e lo ftym o un ta inso f th e Ant

a rc t i c po le

Centra l Afrz’

m (secm zdjo zzrney )GROPIS

MONTES LUNfE

One o f th e

B isag ots

Xerb o r?

S ie rra Le o neO a sis in c en

t ra l Afr i caKam a ranka ?r is ing inLirryS enegam b ia 8:So udan

'

M o un ta ins o f

th e M o o nIn Trem ecen

“

M o u n t in Go

to nieM o un t in Go

ton ieM o un t in Go

to n ieIn Gu l f o f

Gu ine a

. In Gu lf o f

Gu ineaIn G u lf o f

Gu ine aM in iana in th eKo ng m o un

ta in sIn Am enuan .

N e a r th e

N i ge r ?‘ Ax im ?

~ Ca laba rBen N e to n .

R i gh t o fRiafra

In Am enuan

7o PLACES

Gabo on ?

Afr ican k ingdo m and

c a p ita lMALSA (M e l l i Caplta l o fP res

ter J o hnMAGDASOR Afric a n s tate

and ca p i ta l ?AMOC Dam o t o n

Lake Tsana ?

ARAOC Be tweenM a lsa and

M agda so r

SARMA Be twe enM a lsa and

Magda so r?

B e twe enM a lsa and

M agda so r?

MORANIA B e twe e nM a l sa and

Magdasor?

VYMA D im a ? nearth e

B lu e N i leGABENCOLIS B etwe en

M a lsa and

Magda sor

GLAOC B e twe enM a lsa and

Magda sor?

(Red S ea )AbyssiniaS idabKo se i rM ade rSuak in

Ara bz'

a

IN THEI R COUNTR IES

EUPH RATES

TORO

.ANSERA. o u

N IN IQUE

HORWHX JO

1 77did

SABBAGOLFATHAN

EGEPTA

1Mesopotam l'

a

Ca lda>a

Sh o u ld b e

T i gr isN otth e one

in Afr i ca ”

)Ta u rus m oun

ta insAGRO DE SENABAR Ne a r Ba by lon .

Sh ina rBAUI LON IA B aby lo nBANDACHA

BALDAQ UE i Bagdad

MONT FALCON In M e so potam ia

I sle in the

T i gr isN ineveh

Persia n Gu lf

K i shm

Su to,

at e n

t ra nc e o f

Pers ianGu lf

O rm u z

a fl d I sles

Saba in Arab iaIn A ra b ia .

Sabe aJepta in Mu s

ca t

Ra s e l Ja b b atDe lh iMekran

Qu e t taM andraGog é , Gu lf o fCam ba y

Cam ba yCa na raM a la ba rCo m o rinQ u i lonB ijaya -naga r

Fro m Cap eC om o r in to

B enga lPatna PI n the k ingdom

o fViguy ?

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7 2 PLACES I N THE I R COUNTR IES

P On the Tigr i sMo h am m era

Busso raK ishmOn the Eu

phrate s MARE MAYORKa la N edch a LODOMAGO

Cha m arP o n

the Eu

ph rate s

ALARGEO . A l Dje z ere i MESEN BEZ

MALAX IA o r LUALX IA O h the

E uph ra te s .

Ma latia P

SURMENA 7 R ive r ne a rTrebizond

Geo rgi aTreb izondTab re e z

Lake in Pe rs iaM a raga nea rLake U ru111 ia

Lake in Pe rsiaBa ibu r t PSu lc im an ia P

Urum ia lakeIn P e rs ia .

Ke rja PBUX I LA Betlis, nea r

Lake VanRASTELLO Ra ze la in

A rm en iaARG I S 7' Lake VanSALDAN IA Sultanieh

PREMUA In Pe rs ia(de l Rey de P ersia )

Persi aP INGA

ABBA Tehe ran PAYRAS (SA RAK) Sh i ra zCASAR In P e rs ia PSERRAN S UR 77

THES ISPAOR I spah an PJORJAMAN Ge o rgiaSPALONERO Ra z e la in P

SALDAN I A Su ltan ieh

TOR IS Ta brizS I RAS Sa r i ?KUR r Cy ru sAUSERO In Pe rs ia PBALDAC M e so po tam iaLUALAXA Ma la c ia on the

Euph rates

AYUSOGAL IPOLI

RECREA

InAs ia M ino r ?Ga l l ipo l iH e ra c lea

CONSTANT INOPLA Co ns tantino ple

E ux ineN W . o f Con

sta ntino ple

o n th e B la ckSe a

M isiori o n the

B la ck Se a

Gree/e Empz'

re 771 E a mpe

A'

RCHAD IA

ACH IABOEGIAMACEDON IACAHON IA

LETEDOMON IA

CESALON ICA

PARU SM ICAL IPI RUS 7’

GE RUA z7zz‘

s

ArcadiaAcha ia

Bo eo t i aM a c edo n iaIn Ep i ru s PSpa rtaSa lo n i caE pi ru sIn Gree ce ?D r inaS epa rate Al

ba n ia fro mH e rzego v ina

Skares of the E 112 7773

VEC INADANUB IOTURBODAC IADR INAGO

VECINE

MAURO CASTROLUSUR 77

REXOS 77s

W iddinDanube

Dne ister

Dr ina r iverP Tributa ry o f

the Danube

Tributa ry o f

the Danube

Raa bTr ibuta ry o f

th e Danube

Affluento f th e

D ra veW iddinAke rm an P

Beresina

S o u rce o f

Dne iper

On th e Do n ?

Pe reko pS ea o f Az o ff

C r im ea

C r im ea

Anega z iaP

PLACES I N THE I R COUNTR IES

Ke rtchOn th e S e a o f

Azo fD o n r i ve rB e twe en Do n

andDne iper

TANAY La ke o fTanayPARUASAX IA S am e a s

Anega z ia

PESONTA In Abba siaSANT ESTROPOLI S eba s to po l ,

bu t l n M ingre lia

P

Ge o rg i aPh a s i sQ u isa PVitz e P

Trebizo ndQ U IN ISONDA Ke re z un

SEM ISO S am so n

CASTELLE S i no peSAMASCO Siva stro

PUNTA RAN CH A E rekl iCA RPI Ke rp i L im an

5 17072 5 0f Ca spi a n

PALOLIM EN S c u ta r iD I ASCH I LO E ske le in

B ith yn i aFERANDELFIA Ph i lade lph iaATOLOGO HypS l ll in

A sia Mm o r

SAUASCO S i va sJORGAN IA Ge o rg iaDE RBENT De rben tCARAOL On the Ca sp ianJANUAS FE R R I I ro n ga te sAXBRAN X irva n

BARNACHU N ea r BakuBACU BakuGUDASPU On the Ca sp ianREVERSA Ko renab adAYAR On th e Ca spian

MAUMET We st co a st o f

Ca sp ia nA SANGO We s t c o a st o f

Ca sp ian

MUSAUR

ESPAUOR

NOGULAUS

7 3

“fe st co a st o f

Ca sp ianWe s t c o a st o fC a sp ian

QU ILLAN We s t c o a st o f

Ca sp ia nTRESCARGO On th e Ca sp ianCONTULICANCH I On th e Ca sp ianBALTACH INCA O h th e Vo lga ?ESCLEURZ A On th e Vo lgaTIFER On th e Vo lgaCORANCH I To rjehTIR Trib . o f Vo lga

Ru ssia

S im b i rskKo st rom a

Ro sto f

Pisto voRu ssiaCho lmDwinaIn Ru ssia P

L i vo n iaS c yth iaN o vgo rodO renb u rg to

M o sc ow(M oxz

'

a )C aza nLe ch e l in th e

pro v inc e o f

C a zan PMON SCAOR M o scowVOGARADO E . N o vg orod

S I LUANA

SEPTEM CASTRA Transylvam a

HORGI LM

TU RBO Dne ister

LUS IN Dne iper

SARAK Sarag erio

GOT IA P Cr im ea

YRCAN IA N o rthe rnRu ss ia

In no rthe rnRu ss1a P

ALPHABET ICAL

INDEX OF PLACES

Abba (in Pe rsia ) 5 3Ab enb ru c (Ahrensbo

’ k in H o lste in )7

Ab raren ,Mt 22

Ab sede lib 36

A ch ia (Ach a ia ) 5 5Ac re 2 1

Acerua , Mt 1 8

Aden 39Adm e t (in M o ro c co ) 26Adro m ar (H adram au t ) 39Afo r tu nado Iago (in I re land) 1 2

Afr i ca 24Ag ro de Sena b ar (nea r B aby lon )

4o

A irso (Ta rsu s) 2 1Alarg eo (on the E uph rates) 52A lb acio (on th e Red Sea ) 39A lb ern ia

,Alps o f 1 5

A lb ertara 021 5 15 3 1

A lb ia 7, 8Alb irz ib i 6o

Alb iz ib i 48

Alb o ch (S ie rra Leone ) 34A lca ira (Ca iro ) 2 2 , 3 2A lc arah ua n (Ca iruan) 24A lco m (A lgie rs) 2 5A lcub il 39A lcudia 2 5Ale c hon (po rtnea r Danz ig) 7A legran za 28

A lem an ia Sea 62A lem ana 6o

A lenda (La a land) 1 1

A lga rve 29Alg ez er 2 5A lge z ira 2

,14, 26

Alixandreta 2 1

A lexandria 23Alje z ira 14Alm aria (A lm e r ia ) 14

Alm edina 4 1A lm ena 3 1

Alm oda si 44A lpe s de Alb ernia ,

(Apenn ine s ) 1 5A lpe s A lem anie (th e A lps) 16

A lpe s Alsa c ie (th e Vo sge s) 5 , 6A l tas S ie rra s del To ro (Ta u rus

Mts) 5 2A l ta s S ie rra s de l Tra sm on tana

(Mts o f N o rwa y ) 10 , 6 1

Am enu an (N . o f K o ng Mts P) 3 5Am o c (Dam o t ) 38Am pu ria s 4Anda luoja (Anda lus ia ) 8Andro u ar 42

Anduja rAn candia (C rete )Andine (in Sca n ia ) 9Ano g a sia 56

Anpuria (Am pu ria s, a c o un t y inCata lo n ia ) 4, 14

Anse ra 40An ta rc t ic Po le 3 3, 3 5 , 36, 43Antio ch a 2 1

An to na 1 2

Anto na (Ancona ) 1 7Antroceta 19Aqu isio (K ishm ) 4 1 , 5 2Aquylea (Aqu i lea ) 1 7Ar r i ve r 46A rabia 4 1Arag an ia (in C ana ry Ids) 29Arago n 3Ara o c 3 8

Ara u ia 48

Arb o lea,Mt 24

Arch adia (Arcadia ) 5 5Arde se lib 3 5Ardonep (H ade rslev) 7A rens 7

B o h em ia

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76 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACES

B ugia 2 5Burb ena (Vibo rg) 7B u rdeo s 4B u rga (B e rgam o ) 1 5Burga lensis 7Burgaria 1 8

B u rgo s 2

Buxila 53Buyder 28, 3 3Byab a le c (Pek ing ) 44

C a ba t 42C a bo de Buyder (Boyado r) 28Cabo de G o t ia (Cr im e a ) 56Cabo da N a (N un) 27C abo da San t B in 28

Ca bo da Tu s 56

C abra s, Id de 29Cade 5 3Ca fa lh e (Ce fa l u ) 16

Caho nia 5 5Ca labr ia 16

C a l ah o rra 2

Ca lde a 39, 4oC a le s (Ca la i s ) 5Ca lm an (Ca lm a r) 10, 62Cam a c 5 2

Canane a (Cana an) 22Ca nardy (nea r m o u th o f th e Don)

56

C ana r ia (Gran Cana ria ) 28Canb en 3 5Candeb or 19Candia 19C apado gia 20

C aperti 5 3C ap iz 24Carao l 5 8

C a rena Mts 23 , 27C a rida e Islds 28

C a rp i 5 8Ca r tago th e grea t 26

Ca sam a (Ka zan ) 6 1Ca s a r 5 3Ca so c 18

Ca so ram a 6o

C a sp i o 59Ca Spio s M o nte s 59Ca ste l le (S ino pe ) 5 7Ca s t i l laCa st i l lo de Go t 47C a st il lo de M ago t 45Ca stro ferrun 1 8

Ca st ro m a r in 2

C a st ro Urdia l e s 3

Cata lant(Co u rla nd) 8Ca tan ia 16

Cataya 5 , 44Catifi c l qu e b ir 3 1

Ca to 46, 5 1

Ge rua Mts 56Ce sa lo n ica 56

Ce sa ria 2 1

Cha lon 5Chequ im o 42

Ch ic o b e rg is 9Ch iu a (Kid ) 9Ch ipre 2 1 , 46

Ch o n ta y 20

Cho s (Ko sse ir) 39C lam ona (C rem o na ) 1 5C i udad

.

Rodr i go 2

Co la (O land) 1 1 , 62Co landa 7C o lc o s 20

Co log ane 3 5Co lo n 19C o lon (Q u i lo n ) 42Co lo ii a 5 , 6, 7C o lum ba r ia Id 29Com an ia (o n th e Do n a nd Se a

Sh ip o f 5 1 , 56

Com anes 56, 5 7Co nejo s Id 29Co n isa 5 7Co m po ste la 2

C o nstant ina 2 5Co ntu lica nch i 59Co ranch i (N o vo go rod) 59Co ran to (Co rin th ) 19Co rcega (Co rsica ) 24C o rdo va 2

Co r iaCo rinc ho 20

Co rp (Glu cksb o rg ) 7Co rca 42

Co rto m a r 44Co rueric (Co lbe rg) 8Co stan t ina 2 5Co stantinopla 45 , 5 5Cotam anfe z 26

Co trun 1 6

Co xim o cha 42

C re ta 19, 54C rim a 30

Cuenca 2

Cue rvo s m a rino s 29, 36

Cu lm an 8

Cum era 28

Gun ia (I c on ium ) 20

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACES

C u r R . Tigr is,a lso Kur o r Cyrus

40

Curc o n ia 8

Cu rqu o 2 1

Ca fi 26

Ga le 26

Ca rag o ga 16

Cepta 26, 3 3

Ce nso r (Erze ro um ) 5 7Cepta (Ce u ta ) 3 3Qerde fia (S ardim a ) 24Qe saria (C e sa re a ) 2 1Cena na 1 8

Cia liclia 20

Cib dat Rodrigo 2

Cicu enga (L1g uen z a ) 2

Citl la nt (Sh e t land) I 3

Cu c ia 24

Cu c ia (a l S u s) 27 , 29Qucia la a l ta (A t la s W ) 27

Da c ia riv . 56

Da cia de Dane s (Denm a rk ) 7Dam a sc o 2 2

Dam e sm are (Dan ish se a ) 7Dam ia ta 22

, 3 2

Dan 2 1

Dangicha (Danz ig) 8Dando ra (To nde r, Sle sv ig) 7Da ng o la 3 2

Danoye 6

Da nub i o 6, 56Da ra , R10 de 29Dara z e (Du ra zzo ) 1 8

Da rda san 45Da sia (Denm a rk ) 7D e lin i (De lh i ) 42Dem o ne la 42

De scrio n 2 2

De s ie r ta Id 29De s ie rto de Egip to 3 2De rebe n t (De rben t ) 5 8D ia sch ilo 58

D iepe 5Dilm i 42

D irga le s 1 2

Dodre c (Do rd1 echt) 5Do nb e lin (Dub l in) 1 2

Do nfre s (Dum frie s) 1 1

Do ngo la 32Dranoya 1 8

Drinayo 1 8, 56

Due ro 2,

77

Du lc e cno (Du lc i gno ) 1 8

D u ra zo (D u ra zzo ) 19

Ebro 2, 4, 14

E b ruc 6

Eb urut(B e i ro u t ) 2 1Eg epta 22

, 3 2

Eg lpto 2 2, 3 2

Eg le sia 46, 5 2

E lb ah a c 34Elm o la c 34E l P o rtoga l lo (Opo rto ) 3Ena lc o 34En eru ic (Yo rk) 1 1

Enrro 4 1

E ntranto (O t ra n to ) 1 6

E rria 7Erm o n , Mt 22

E sca lona (A s c a lo n ) 2 1E sca rse

,lake 9

E sc la vo n 1a (Slavon i a ) I 7E sc le urz a (o n the Vo lga ) 59E sco c ia 1 1

E sc o ndin (S ta n H edding) 1 1

E sco rpe (Pom eram a ) 8Espa u o r (o n th e Ca sp ia n ) 59E stanfo rda (S t rangfo rd) 2 2Esta rse , Cape 62Este la (E s te l la , N a va rre ) 4E sto c a l (S to ckh o lm ) 9 , 10 ,

62

Eterns (O s te ro, o ne o f the F a ro e s)1 3

E tio p ia 3 2 , 3 3Eu fra te s 54E u fra te s 3 5 , 36Exia 22

Fa c o lisia 45Fada l 4 1Fam ag o ste (Cyprus) 2 1Fande uz 7Fa qu iz (po r t o f Ba rba ry ) 24Fa xa (Ph a s is, now P o t i ) 5 7Fe l ic ia (Cil ic 1a ) 20Fe rade lfia (Ph rygia ) 20 , 58Fe rro Id 20

Fexe r i v . 26

Fe z 26

Fm o n ia (Punen) 7 , 62F lrm ia (S y rm ia , in H unga ry ) 1 8

F lande rs 5 , 62F lo renc ia 1 5F l um en M ago t (H o ang H o ) 45Fo rm ean s 9Fo rte - ven tu ra (Cana r ie s) 28

78 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACES

Fram isia 42

F ra nc ia 5Fren it 1 5F r i g ia 20

F ris ia 7F r i sa

, Gu lf o f 7

G a b enco lic 38

Ga e ra (Ga e ta ) 16

G a la (Ga la t i a ) 20G a le s (Wa1e s) 1 2

Ga la t 22Ga l ic ia 3 , 1 3Ga lipo li 5 5Ga ll iz ia 3 , 1 3Ga na ara c (o ne o f the po rts in

Cana ra ) 42G ana b e (Mt and ca p i ta l o f

Gu ine a ) 3oGanb aden (H eb rew nam e o f th e

te rre s t r ia l pa radi se ) 3 7C a nglante (Lange land) 7Gao na (111 Am enu an) 3 5Gataforda (Wa te rfo rd) 1 2

Ga z ula (S .W. o f A t la s) 2 7, 3 3Gen o ua (Geno a ) I 5Ge rm an ia 7G ibra l ta r 14, 26

G ide (J idda h ) 39G iga r (c o a s t o f B a rba ry) 2 5G io n (G ih o n . Rive r o f the ter

re stria l pa radi se ) 3 8Gira z o (G ira c e in th e kingdo m o f

N ap le s) 16

G irenti (G ir’genti ) 16

G i ron 4Glao c (banks o f th e N i le ) 38Goda spa (sh ore s o f the Ca sp ian ) 5 1Godiama 45Godlandia 62

Gog and M ago g 47Go lfatha n (i h Arab ia Sabea ) 42Go m a r (Co m o r in ) 42Go m e ra 28

Gom o rra 22

Go ran 3 5Go rgania 5 7Go t 47G ot y M ago t 47Go t ia I O

,6 1

Go t ia 56G otlandia 1 o

Go to n ie 34C ox r i v . 26

Graciona 3 5

G ranada 3 , 1 4Granb a et(Cam ba y) 42G rec ia 1 7 , 54Greg is (Ge o rgia ) 5 8Gre sa (Cana r ie s) 28Grim an ia (Ge rm any) 6C risna 8Grisu a ldiz 7Gro pis 3 3G uada l qu i v i r 2G u adia na 2 , 3Gua rdam a r 2Guda spu (on th e Casp ian) 59Gu ine a 30Gumsa (W inch e lsea ) 1 2

Guyno a (Gu inea ) 28, 30

H orm ich o (O rm u z ) 4 1 , 5 3

I be rn ia 1 2,1 3

Ierusa lem 22

India 1a a l ta (Ea ste rn India ) 48India Ia a reno sa (R ajpu tana and

D e lh i ) 49India la ba ixa (Be lu ch istan and

S ind) 49I nfierno Id 28

In furent 29Ingla te rra 1 2

I rlanda 1 2

I sa u r ia (in Asia M ino r) 20

Ja fa 2 1

J a fe t,la nd o f 2 2

, 5 2 , 54J a en 2

Janglante (sam e a s C ang lante ) 62

Janua sferri (i ron ga te s)De rben t 5 8Janu la Id 46J a ra (Za ra ) 1 7J a ua (JaYa ) 43 , 44Jau a le s (in Ja va ) 44Ja urin (o n the Danu be . Ra ab P) 1 8Ja urin (Id in th e Danube ) 1 8

J e ru sa lem 2 1

Jo r (so u rc e o f Jordan . Dan) 2 1J o rdan 2 1

Jo rg an ia (Go rgan ia ) 5 2, 58

jo rjam a n (in P e rsia ) 5 3j ude a 22

J ude a,S ea o f 38

Karispo na 6

La irag (I rak . Nam e o f Eu

phra te s) 22

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80 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACES

Mo nfa lco n (i h M e so po tam ia ) 40Mo ran ia (o n the Uppe r N i le )

3 8

M o re a 1 9, 54M o ro a 44Mo rro sia (Ch ina ) 45M u rc ia 2

M u lu ya ri v . 26

Mutam 1 9Mu z o ur 5 9Mvrrin 1 8

N a (Cape N un ) 27 , 33N apo l 16

N a rbo na (Na rbo nne ) 5 , I 4N arent(in Da lm a t ia ) 1 8

Na se c o r (in A lbania ) 19N a so l 5 2N a tu r i 19N a va rra 3N apo l i (Na up l ia ) 19N e a po l i 1 9N egra (o h th e Euph ra te s) 5 2N eg ro po nteN idroxia (Trondh e im ) 1 o

N ife (in M o ro c co ) 26N ig roptla 56

N i lo (N i le ) 3 1N i lus (N i le ) 32 , 3 5N in iue (N ine veh ) 40N iqu ia (N i c e )N ista (N ic e ) 1 5N o ga rado (No vg orod) 60N o g u la u s 6 1

N o nc la 42

N o rganc io 46, 48, 5 1

N o rm andia 5No ruega (N o rwa y ) 7, 10N oxia (in B o h em ia ) 8N u (Dwina R. ) 60N ubia 32 , 33N um edia 2 5Nycroxia (N ic o s ia ) 2 1

Oada c (r ive r o f Africa ) 3 2Oca (o h the N i le ) 38O ran 2 5O rbe (o n the T i gr is) 5 2O rens (O rense ) 2O rga 44O rgan

,Mt 3 1

O rgana 3 1O rm i 5 3Oro

,Rio de 28, 3 1 , 32 , 34

Ortodoxis P3 7

O tz ia 3 2O sm a 2

O s t ia 16

O v i edo 2

Oxa nap (Ja va ) 43Oxilia (in the Ba l t ic ) 10

Padita (Padu a ) 1 5Pa lengia 2

Pa le rm o 16

P a le stina 2 1

Pa lo la (N i le lake ) 3 2Pa lo la (i h Trem e sin ) 34Pa lo lim en (nea r S cu ta ri) 58Pa lo n ia (Po land) 3Pam p lo na 3Panfil ia (Pam ph ilia ) 20P a no na 42Panon ia 6

,1 7

Paradysus 49Parayso Te rrena l 33 , 3 7Pa renzo 1 7Pa r i 16Pa ris 5Pa rus (Ep i rus) 56Pa sch ar 42 , 6 1Pa ta nia 6

Pa trim o n io (S ta tes o f th e C hu rch )16

Pa tr is (Pa t ra s) 1 9Pa u ia (Pa v i a ) 1 5P e rdida s, l s la s 28

Pe rine o s 4Pe rsia 50Pe rs ians 5 2P e sca ra 16

,1 7

Pe sonta 5 7P i ca rdia (P i ca rdy) 5F ide a (o h th e Euxine ) 60Fidea (on th e Don) 56P inga R . (a ffluent o f Danube )

56

P i r ine o s Mts 4P i rus

,Mt 3 1

P i ru s (Epirus) 18, 56

P isa (Pisa ) 1 5P i so n r iv . 3 8

Pite o s 4P la senc ia 2

Pla z enm a 1 5Po l ica st ro (ih k ingdom o f N aple s)

16

P010 Antarctico 33 , 3 5 , 36P o lo n ia (Po land) 8P o n te vedra 3 , 1 3

ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACES

Po rto no ve l (A lexandretta ) 2 1Portuga l 3Po r toga l lo 2

, 3Po sga (r. between Save and

Dra ve ) 1 8

Po sna (Po sen) 8P raga (Prague ) 8Prem ua (P lym o u th ) 1 2

Prem ua (ih Persia ) 5 3Pro engia (P ro vence ) 1 5Pue r to de l F ierro (De rbent) 58Pue rto M agro (Ba rba ry c o a st ) 23Pue rto de la Risa (Rl Ara ish ) 22Pue r to de Rom a (Ost ia ) 16

Pu e rto San to Id 29Pu l la (Apu l ia ) 16Pyrenean M ounta ins 3

Q u i l lan 59

Q u inisonda 5 7Q u ib le 33

Raansinlia (ou the Ca sp ian) 5 1R aba (Raab ) 1 7, 56

Rab e sa (affluent o f Danube ) 1 7

56Rachan (Cana r ies) 28Rahasa (in Tun is) 24Ra squ ipiz (on th e Red Sea ) 39Ra ste l lo (in Pe rsia ) 5 3Rancha (R a venna ) 1 5 , 1 7Raxy 26

Ra yna 7Recrea (Hera c l1a ) 5 5Regi s (B e rgen ) I O

Repe leta (Antio ch ) 2 1Rexo s Mts 56Re zo 1 6

Riba s a luas 23Riba te 26

Rina lia 8

Rinus 5Rio de Oro (Senega l ) 33Risa 22

Risent(R ingsted) 1 1

R o an (Ro uen ) 5Ro che la 4Roda (a div ision o f Ca iro ) 23R oda s (Rh ode s) 1 9Roderin (in Sweden) 9Ro is (Ro ss in I re land) 1 2

Rom a 1 5Rom ana 1 6

Ro sgot(Ro sto ck) 7Rotrag is

M . B. K.

8 1

Roxeto 23Roxia (Russia ) 60Ru edano (th e Rh one ) 6, 1 5Rum en ia 9Rusna 42

Sabba (Arab ia Sabea ) 42Sacam (Su ak in) 39Sa ina (the S e ine) 5Sa ladino (Vara sdin) 18Sa lam anca 2

Sa landa (Zee land) 1 1

Sa lamdi (Co penhagen) 1 1

Sa landia 5 3 , 62

S a ldan ia (Su ltan ieh ) 5 3Sa lerno 16

Sa lon ico (Sa lon i ca ) 54Sa lvaje Id 29Sam a lo (StM a lo ) 5S am a r ia 20

Sam a sco (on the Euxine ) 57Sangu (west sh o re o f Ca sp ian )Sanm a e (StM a lo ) 4Santa M a ria (in P o land) 8Santande r 3 , 2 1Santa rem 2

, 3San ta Sedra 16

San b in 28, 33

S antestropo li 57San J o rge (Azo res) 29S antnurio (Sandom i r) 8San Seba stian 3Sa ona (Sa vo na ) 1 5Saploya Oa s is 3 1Sa re (R. Save ) 1 7S a ra de B aen (Casp ian ) 5 1 , 5 2Sa ra (o h th e Ca sp ian) 45 , 59Sarax (Saraj evo ) 6 1Sarax (Pe rsepo l is) 53S arayno s (P e o p le o f the U zbegs)

58

Sa rm a 38

Sarm agant 46

Sarm agante (o h the Casp ian) 48,52

Sa ta l ia 19Saua sco (S ivas) 20, 46, 58Scim k ingdom 46, 48

5 01111 23S c in (S iam )Seb ur (on th e Vo lga ) 60Sego u la (Sego v ia ) 2Segu ra 2

Sem iso 57Sena (S ienna ) 1 7

82 ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACES

Septen ca stra (between Dne iper

and Dne ister) 6 1Serayn (o n th e Red Se a ) 39Se rrans (in Pe rsia ) 5 3Serse l 2 5Seru ia 1 8

Se v il la 2, 62

Seyr (M o unt Se ir) 22S icc ia (Sc y th ia ) 60S icro cra 4 1

S idan 30 A

S igna (be twe en Danube and

Save ) 1 8

S igne (r. in N a va rre ) 4S iguenza 2

S i l ia (C i l i c ia ) 20S iluana 6 1

Silu e (S i lve s in A lga rve ) 2S inb ich on (in Da lm atia ) 1 8

,19

S inca (r. in Nava rre ) 4, 14S i ra s (Sh ira z) 5 3S irca (ih B ohem ia ) 8S iria 2 1

Sodom a 22

So landa (Z e e1and) 5S o l in (in Syr ia ) 2 1 , 45So l in (in Ch ina ) 6Sordepin (in Sweden) 62S o ria 2

So rfaxa 44Sorm ence s (Soderm ania ) 62Spa lo nero (I spahan) 5 3Spa or (I spah an) 5 3Sta lea (Sca lia—N ap1e s) 16

Sto co l (Sto ckh o lm ) 62Strugo num (in H unga ry ) 1 8

Sua va 9Suc ia 2 1

Sueu ia (Sweden) 9, 62Sufrag ia 56

Su lgum enca (S . o fAtla s. Tafilet)29

Sur (R. Cyrus or Kur)Surdepinche (So nderko

'

ping ) IO

Surenti (So rrento ) 16Su r ia (Syr ia ) 2 1S urm ena (1 . As ia M ino r) 52Su scar (Susa ) 5 2Syra s (Sa r i in Ma z anderan) 54

Tab asum Sea 48

Tagojar 48Taj o R. 2

, 3Tam a r Mt 3 1Tana (ih Sea of A201?) 56

Tana (R Don) 56Tana iz r1v . 9Tana y Lake 60Tanay R. 57Tanjar (Tangie rs) 26Ta rabu c 23Ta racena (Te rrac ina ) 16

Ta rante (Tarento ) 16

Ta r ifa 1 3Ta rrago na 14Ta rsa (in Sweden) 9Ta rta r ia (M o ngo l ia ) 45Ta rta ro s 42Ta scao r (in Ru ssia ) 60Tau ser 3 1

Tenerifiz (Tenerife ) 28Tenexe (ea ste rn de lta o f N ile ) 22Tensse (in A lgie rs) 2 5The si (in Pe rs ia ) 5 3Tho lo sa (Tou louse ) 4Tib a lb ert(S . o fA t la s) 30Tibe r ia (Tiberia s) 2 1Tib re (Tibe r) 1 5Tite r (Tve r) 59Tigr is 5 1 , 5 2T i l le Id 1 1

Tim er Mt 3 1Tine z 9Tir (afi

‘i uent o fVo lga ) 60To coron 30

To ledo 2

To lom eta (Pto lem a is) 23To lo sa (To u lo use ) 4To rda or (in Ch ina ) 45T01 15 (Tabriz ) 5 2 , 5 3To ro m ounta ins 40, 5 2Torqu ia (As ia M ino r) 19To rto sa (in Aragon) 3 , 14To rto sa (ih Syr ia ) 2 1To scana (Tuscany) 1 5Tra lidero (in the Red S ea ), 39Trapana (Tra pan i ) 16Trapesonda (Treb izo nd) 5 2, 5 7Trapouana (Sum atra P) 43Trareo za (ih the M o re a ) 19Tra scarg o 46, 59Tra sm o ntana (N o rwa y Mts) 9, 6 1Trem egen 2 5 , 30Trem isin (reg ion o f th e N i le ) 3 1Triesa (Tr ie ste ) 1 7Trim ic 48, 49Trim isin 3 2

Triplicana Mts 24Tripu l (Tripo l i in B arba ry) 23Tripu l (Tripo l i in Syr ia ) 2 1 , 54

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INDEX

REFERR ING TO THE AUTH O R’S PERSONAL ITY AND

TO MENT I ONS OF H I STOR I CAL EVENTS ,

LEGENDS OR THEOR IES

ADEN . H e re th e Red S ea begins.

Sh ips from India pay a

to l l 39ARARAT, wh e re th e ark o f N o e ar

rived when i t e scaped th e

un ive rsa l de luge . Mo unta in o f sa l t stone a s wh itea s c rysta l

,attem pts to a s

cend i t 5 2ANTARCT IC POLE . Lo fty m o un

ta ins whence com e th e fo urr ive rs o f the terre str ia lpa radise 3 5

Equab le tem pe ratu re 37A great land. P eo p le atth e

An t ipode s b lack 43ARCTI C REG IONS. The yea rm ake s

one day for six m on th s,and anothe r six m on thsn igh t 10

Great bea rs and w i ld bea sts6 1

AUTHO R . H is birth I

Went on bo a rd a ga l ley inS ic i ly . In th e sam e vesse lto Ven ice and Da lm atianc o a st 1 7

A long th e Afr ic an c oa st in a

pa nfi lo passing Cape Boyado r 28

In a to v isit At lanticI sle s 28

W i th som e Mo o rs on cam e lsto the K ing o f Gu inea 29

In an a rm ed ga l ley o f Mo o rsto S ie rra Leone 33Stayed at C a zu la because itwa s p leasant 33

F rom Dongo la to th e N i lew i th Geno ese m e rchants32

Saw and h ea rd m arve l lo usth ings in the co un t ry o f

P re ster John 36

AtM ec ca 4 1Went on bo a rd a sh ip w i thsom e m e rchan ts to Java 44

C ro ssed M o ngo l ia in ca rava ns o f m e rchan ts 50, 5 1

De sc r ibes St So ph ia 5 5Lea ve s Sweden

,em ba rk ing

in a Ge rm an com a 62

Retu rn to Se v i l le , fro m wh ichc ity h e sta r ted 62Fo ur di v is ions o f th e

town 23Al M e lek N a ssen c rownedthe re 1 27 1 22

CATHAY . Two ro ute s to 45COLOGNE. Q u estion o f th e bu ria l

p la ce o f the th re e K ings 5CON STANT INOPLE. Chu rch o f

St So ph ia,Co lum n to Con

stantine 5 5DAM IETTA . Defeat o f St Lo u is

22

GENOESE. Expedition w re ckedatAm enuan in 1 28 1 . One

sh ip e scaped—fate un

known 36

In 1 29 1 th e son o f th e leade rViva ldo went in sea rch o f

h is fa the r 37GOG and MAGOG Ca stles. Be

tween them th e I ro n Gate s47

CA IRO .

INDEX

ICELAND. Trees wh ich bea r ve ryfatb irds for fru it 1 3

IND IAN SEA a branch wh ich jo insth e great ea ste rn sea .

Som e say it co ve rs a ll the

wo rld up to th e we ste rnsea 43

Th e re is no news o f any land,o nly islands a s in th e

we ste rn sea . Cathay is

th e end o f the fa c e o f th e

ea rth in the l ine o f Spa in45

I RELAND . Th e enchanted lake 1 2

M eat and m i lk p lentifu l,

bread sca rce 1 3Wom an verybeautifu l tho ughve ry sim p le 1 3

I RON GATES (se e TA RTA R IA)JAVA . Po pu lo u s I sland b ut no

c it ie s a s a ll th e peo p lel ive in th e co un t ry . The ygathe r sp ice s, peppe r , andodo rife rous gurns 44

Greatgriffins and co cka t rice s43

KA I RWAN . Defea t o f Ab u -l

H asan Ali by Ahm ed (o fthe A lm ohade s) in 1 348,la te st date in th e b o ok 24

MAROCCO . A m istake , suppo singitto ha ve been th e Carthagec o nque red by Sc ip io 26

To m b o f th e e x i led K ing o f

Se v i l le (109 1 ) atAghm at27MOON

,MOUNTA IN S OF THE 34

N I LE . One branch flows to the

we stand fo rm s th e Rio de l

Oro,th e o the r th ro ugh

Egypt and ente rs th e sea

at Dam ie tta . Do ngo la isbetween the two branch es

32

NO RWAY . Conquest o f F lande rsby a P r ince o f in the tim e

o f Arthur o f Brita in I O

Anim a ls 10

PER S IA. BENASCAYT (ABU SAID) .H is c ap i ta l o f Tabriz .War wi th the U zbegs .

D ied 1 33 5 54PRESTER joHN . F i rst p la ced in

Abyssin ia 37

RED SEA . N a rro w entrance .

N am e from th e bottom

cons isting o f red o ch re 39R IO DEL ORO. Suppo sed branch

o fthe N i le , rea l ly th e Sene£33 1 33

Great bea sts y ie lding 1vory.

Go ld fo und in ant h i l ls.

Ants a s la rge a s cats.

Am be rgris 3 5SAL INAS de la s. Batt le betwe en

A l fonso X I and Ab u -l

H asa n , K ing o f M o ro c co ,28 Oct. 1 340 14

TARTAR I A or MONGOL I A . N o

town for 65 da ys. Tr ibe sw ith flo cks. Only fo od o f

the pe op le , m i lk, m ea t , anda m i l le t c a l led m om s (Pizaseolus M a ng o ) 46

Num b erle ss h o rses. Sur

ro unded by m o un ta ins.

[ 7 072 g ates be tween two

ca stle s. Great fig hters.

A le xande r c o u ld not co n

que r them 47Fo u rth pa rt o f th e ea rthenc lo sed 48

T IBET (o r Trim ic ), su rro unded bym o unta ins. P ra ise o f the

13601316 49TREMEQEN on the Ba rba ry c o as t

be twe en B ugia and M e l i l la25 ,

A fug 1t1ve n o f Trem egen

fo unded B uda 30TR IPOL I . “

So c a l led be cause

bo unded by th e Triplicanam o un ta ins .

” Rea l ly so

nam ed b y th e Rom ans

from its th ree towns,OEA

,

LEPTA and SABRARA 24The au tho r was atTrab ach

,

Bo nandrea , B enga z i and

To lom eta in C y rena ica, at

Z anara in the Gu lf o fSyrtis,and Tripo l i 23

TROY, destro yed by M ene lausK ing o f th e Greeks 20

VANDALS . Th e i r c o nque st o f

Anda lusia and Ma u r i tan ia8, 26

Qtam btinge

PR I NTED BY JOHN CLAY , M .A .

AT THE UN IVERS ITY PRESS .

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om .

One hundred vo lum es (fo rm ing Se rie s I .,se e page s iv. to x iv . ) we re

issu ed from 1846 to 1 898 ; twenty-se ven vo lum e s o f Series I I . (seepage s xv . to xv i i . ) ha ve been issued in the th irteen yea rs ending 19 1 1 .

A brief inde x to the se is g iven on pages x ix . to xxiv . , and a l ist o f

wo rks in pre pa ration on page xv i i i .

THE Annua l Subsc rip t io n o f ONE AND A -H ALF GU I NEA—en t itl ingthe m em be r to the yea r

’s pub l ic atio ns— is due o n Ja nua ry 1

, and m ay

b e pa id to

M e ssrs. BARCLAY and CO .

,1,Pa l l Ma l l Eas t , Londo n, S W

Th e MO RTON TRUST CO .

, 38, Na ssau S tre e t,N ew Yo rk or to

M e ssrs . ASHER and CO .

, 56, Un te r den L inden ,B e rl in .

M em be rs h a ve th e so le pr iv i lege o f purch asing ba ck o r cu rrentissue s o f the S o c iety ; the se tend to rise in va lue , and tho se wh icha re o uto f p rintare now o nly to b e o bta ined ath igh pric e s.

Th e p re sentsca le o f cha rge s is a s fo l lo ws

F IRST SERIES,S ets , o m itting N os. 1 to 1 0 ,

x2,1 3 , 1 4 , 16, 1 7 , 19, 2 2 , 2 5 , 36, 3 7 , and 42

(79 vo ls ) £ 41 9s. 6d.

S ing le C0pz'

es. N o s . 2 9, 3 1 , 3 4, 5 1 , 5 3 , 5 5 , 5 6, 5 8, 60 to 7 3 , 76, 77 . 79 ,

80, 82 to 87 , go to 94, 96. 97 , 98 , a t. 10s. 6d.

N os. 28, 30, 41 , 45 , 48 , 49, 5 0 , 5 7 , 74 , 78, 8 1 , 88 , 89 , 95 , 1 00 , a t 1 5 3 . 0d.

N o s. 20, 2 1 , 2 3 , 27 , 3 3 , 3 5 , 3 8 , 39 40, 4 3 , 5 4 , 5 9 , 7 5 , 99 , a t 25 5 . 0d.

S ECOND S ERI ES , No s . 1 1 to 1 8, 19, 2 1 , 22, 28, a t 101 6d.

N o s . 23 , 24, 25 , 26, 27 , at 1 5 1 04 .

No s . 3 , 5 , 6, at 25 3 0d.

A l l other issu es of Hu s Series a re ou t of pu nt

Gentlem en de s ir ing to b e enro l led as m em be rs sho u ld send the i rnam e s to the H on . Se c reta ry

,wi th the fo rm o f Banke r’s O rde r

enc lo sed in th is P ro spe c tus. App l ica t ions fo r back vo lum es sh o u ldb e addre ssed to th e So c ie t y ’s Agen t

,MR . Q UAR ITCH ,

1 1 , Gra ftonS tree t , New B ond Stree t

,London, W.

WORKS A LREA DY I S SUED

F I R S T S E R I E S .

1 847- 1 898 .

l —Th e Ob serva t ions o f Sir Richard Hawk in s , Knt. ,In his Vo yage into the So u th Sea in 1 5 93 . Repr inted from the edi t iono f 162 2 , and edi ted by ADM IRAL CHARLES RAMSAY DR INKWATERBETH UN E, C . B. pp. xv i . 246. Index .

FzrstEdition out(if zirz’

m‘

. See No . 5 7. [sszrea’

for 1 847.

2—Se le c t Le t ters o f Chris toph er Co lum b u s ,W i th Orig ina l Do cumen ts re la t ing to the D isco ve ry o f the New Wo rld. Transla ted and Edi ted by R ICHARD H ENRY MAJH R , Ke eper o f Maps,Br i t ish Museum , S e c . R.O . S . pp. xc . 240 . Index .(FirstEdition outof print. See N o . 43 . Two cop ie s o nly we re printed on

ve l lum , one o f wh ich is in the Bri t ish Museum , C . 29. k .

I ssu edfor 1 847 .

3—Th e Di sc o very o f th e Larg e , Rich , Be a u t i fu l Em p ire o f Gu ia na ,

W i th a re la t io n o f the grea t and go lden C i ty o f Mano a (wh ich the Span iardsca l l Rl Do rado ) , &c . , perfo rmed in the year 1 595 by S IR WALTER RALEGH ,Knt. Reprinted from the edi t io n o f 1 596 . W i th some unpub l ish edDo cumen ts re la t ive to tha t co untry . Edi ted with co pio us explana to ry No te sand a b iograph ica l Memo ir by S I R ROBERT H ERMANN SCHUM BURGK, Ph . D.

pp. lxxv. xv . I Map. Index .

(Outofprm t. S econd Edz'

tz'

ofl I ssuedfor 1 848 .

4—S ir Fra nc i s Dra k e h is Voya g e , 1 5 9 5 ,

By THOMAS MAYNARDF, toge ther w1th the Span ish Ac co un t o f Drake’sa ttack o n Puerto R ico . Edi ted from th e o rigi na l M SS . by W I LL IAMDESBORH UGH COOLEY . pp. vi i i . 65 (Ou t o fprz

‘

nt. ) I ssu ed for 1 848 .

5—Narra t ive s of Voya g es towa rds th e North -We s t ,In search o f a Pa ssage to Ca thay India , 1496 to 1 63 1 . W i th se lec tio nsfrom the early Reco rds o f the Ea st India Company and fro m M SS .

in the Br i t ish Museum . Edi ted by THOMAS RUNDALL . pp. xx . 2 59 . 2 Maps.Outrf prznt. [sszzea

’

for 1 849 .

6—Th e Historie o f Tra va i le in to V irg inia Bri tannia ,

Exp i e ssing th e Co smograph ie and Commodit ies o f the Co untry, toge ther withth e manners and customs o f th e people , ga thered and o bserved as we l l by tho sewho went first th i ther as co l le c ted by W I LL IAM S

’

I‘

RACHEV, Gent, the

firstSe cre tary o f th e Co lo ny . Now firstedi ted from th e o rig ina l MS . in the

Br i t ish Museum by R ICHARD H ENRY MAJOR, Keepe r o f Maps , Bri t ishMuseum , Sec . K.G .S . pp. xxxvi . 203 . 1 Map. 6 I l lus . G lo ssary. Index .

Outq r mf. l sszzedfor 1 849.

7 Divers Voya g e s touch ing th e Di sc overy of Am erica

And th e I slands adjacen t, c o l le c ted and pub l ished by R I CHARD HAKLUY'

I‘

,

Prebendary o f Br is to l , in th e year 1 5 82 Edi ted, with no tes an introduc t io nby IUHN W I NTER JON E S" , Princ ipa l L ibrarian o f th e Bri t ish Museum .

pp.

.

xc i . 1 7 1 . 6. 2 Maps . 1 I l lus . Index . (Outofprz'

nt. ) I ssuea’

far 1 8 50.

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1 7—Th e His tory o f th e Two Tartar Conquerors of Ch ina ,

Inc luding the two jo urneys into Ta rta ry o f Fa ther Ferdinand Verb ies t , in thesu i te o f the Empero r Kang -H i. From the French o f Pé re PIERR E JOSEPHD

’

ORI EANS , o f the Company o f Je sus , 1688. To wh ich i s added Fa the rPere ira ’s Jo urney into Tartary in the su i te o f the same Empero r. From theDu tch o f N I COLAAS \V ITSEN . Transla ted and Edi ted by th e EAR I. n F

E LLESM ERE . W'

i th an In troduc t io n by R ICHARD HEN RY MAJOR ,Keepe r o f Maps, Bri t ish Museum , Sec . R. G . S . pp. xv. vi . 1 5 3 . Index .

Outofprz'

nt. l ssuea’

for 185 5 .

1 8—A Co l le c t ion o f Doc um ents on Sp itzb erg en and Gre enland.

Compris ing a Trans la t io n from F . MAR1 ENS’ Vo yage to Spi tzbergen , 167 1 a

Trans la t io n from I SAAC DE LA PEYRRRE’

S H isto ire du Gro enland, 1663 , andGod

’s Powe r and Pro vidence in the Preserva t io n o f E igh t Men in GreenlandN ine Mo ne th s and Twe lve Daye s . 1630. Edi ted by A DAM VVHn F

, o f the

Bri t ish Museum . pp. xvi . 288 . 2 Maps . Index . [ssued/or 1 856.

19—Th e Voya g e o f Sir Henry Middleton to Ban tam a nd th e Ma luco Is lands,Be ing the Seco nd Vo yage set fo rth by th e Go verno r and Company o f

Me rchants o f Lo ndon trading into th e Ea s t Indie s . From the (ra re ) Edi t iono f 1606. Anno ta ted and Edi ted by BOLTON CORN EY . pp. x i . 83 .

5 2 . vi i i . 3 Maps . 3 I l lus . B ib l io graphy . Index .

(Outof print). I ssu edfor 1 856.

20—Russia atth e Clo se o f th e Sixteenth Century.

Com pri s ing the Trea t ise , “ The Russe Commonwea l th " by Dr. G I LESFLETCH ER, and the Trave ls o f S IR JEROME HORSEY , Knt. , now for the first

t ime printed ent ire from h is own MS . Edi ted by S IR EDWARD AUGUSTUSBO ND , Princ ipa l L ibrarian o f th e Bri t ish Museum . pp. cxxx iv. 392 .

Index . l sm edfor 1 85 7.

21—History o f th e New World. By Giro lam o Benz on i , o f Mi lan.

Showing h is Trave l s in Amer ica , from A . D . 1 54 1 to 1 5 56, with somepart icu la rs o f the Is land o f Cana ry . N ow first Trans la ted and Edi ted byADM IRAL W I LL IAM H ENRY SMY '

I H , D . C . L . pp. w . 280.

19 I l lus . Index . [ssuedfor 1 85 7.

22—1ndia in the Fifteen th Century .

Be ing a Co l le c t ion o f N an atives o fVo yage s to India 1n the centu ry precedingthe Po rtugu e se discovery o f the Cape o f Go od Ho pe ; from La t in, Pers ian ,

Russ ian, and I ta l ian So urce s. Now first Trans la ted in to Eng l ish . Edi tedwith an In troduc t ion b y R ICHARD HEN RY MAJOR, Ke eper o fMaps

,Bri t ish Museum . pp. xc . 49 . 39. 32 . 10. Index .

(Outofprint. ) I ssu edfor 1858.

23 —Na rra t ive o f 9. Voya g e to th e We st Indie s and Me x ico ,In th e years 1 5 99

- 1602 , wi th 4 Maps and 5 I l lus tra t io ns. By SAMUE LCHAM P LA IN . Transla ted from the o rigina l and unpub l ished Manuscrlpt,with a B iograph i ca l No tice and N o te s by A L ICE WI LMERE . Edi ted byNOR

’

I ON SHAW . pp. xc i x . 48 . I ssuea’

for 1 8 5 8 .

24—Expedi t ion s in to th e Va l ley of th e Am a z ons, 1 5 3 9 , 1 5 40, 163 9 ,

Con ta in ing the J o urney o f GONZ ALO P I ZARRO, from the Ro ya l Com m en

tarie s o f Garc ilasso Inca de la Vega ; the Vo yage o f Franc isco de Ore l lana,from the Genera l H 1st0ry o f Herrera ; and the Vo yage o f C ris to va l de A cufi a .

Transla ted and Edi ted by S IR CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM ,

ex-Pre s . R.O . S . pp. lx iv . 190. 1 Map . L is t o f Tribe s in the Va l ley o f theAm azons. I ssued for 1 859.

25—Early Voya g e s to Terra Austra l is,Now ca l led Austra l ia . A Co l lec t io n o f do cuments , and extrac ts from ear lyMS . Maps , i l lustra t ive o f the h isto ry o f disco ve ry o n the co a sts o f th a t va stI s land, from the beg inn ing o f th e S i x teen th Century to th e t ime o f Capta inC ook . Edi ted with an In troduc t io n by R I CHARD HENRY MAJOR ,Ke eper o f Maps , Bri t ish Museum , Sec . K.G . S . pp. cx ix . 200 . 1 3 . 5 Maps .Index . (Outq rz

’

nt. ) l ssu edfor 1 859.

26—Narrative o f th e Em b a ssy o f Ruy Gon za le z de Cla vijo to th e Co urto f Timo ur, at Sa m a rca nd, A.D. , 1 403 -6 .

Trans la ted for the first t ime wi th No tes , 9. Prefa ce , an in troduc to ry L ife 01

Timo ur Beg , by S IR C LEMENTS R. MARKHAM ,ex-Pre s .

R.G.S . pp. lvi . 200. 1 Map . [ssuea’jb r 1 860.

27—Henry Hudson th e Na v ig a tor, 1607- 13 .

The Or igina l Do cuments in wh ich his career is re co rded. Co l lec ted, pa rt lyTransla ted, anno ta ted wi th an Introduc tio n by GEORGE M ICHAELA SHER, LL . D . pp. ccxvi i i . 292 . 2 Maps . B ibl iography . Index .

I ssuedfor 1 860.

28—The Expedi t ion of Pedro de Ursua a nd Lope de Ag u irre ,In search o f El Do rado and Omagua, in 1 5 60

-61 . Transla ted from FrayPEDRO S IMON ’S S i xth H isto rica l No t ice o f the Co nqu e st o f Tierra Firme ,”1 627 , by W I LL IAM BULLAER'

I‘

, W i th an In troduc t ion by S IRCLEMENTS R . MARKHAM , ex-Pre s . R.G. S . pp. Ii i . 237.

1 Map . I ssued for 1 86 1 .

29 - Th e Li fe a nd Ac t s o f Don Alon zo Enrique z de Guzm an ,A Kn igh t o f Sevi l le , o f the Orde r o f San t iago , A . D . 1 5 1 8 to 1 543 . Trans la tedfrom an o rig ina l St inedi ted MS . in the N a t io na l L ibra ry at Madrid.

‘ W i thN o te s and an Introduc t io n by S IR C LEMENTS R. MARKHAM ,

ex-Pres . R.G . S . pp. xxxv. 168 . 1 I l lus . l ssm dfor 1 862 .

3 0—Th e Di sco veries o f th e WorldFrom the ir firs t or'g ina l unto the yea r o f o ur Lo rd 1 5 5 5 . By ANTON IOGALVANO , Go ve rno r o f Te rna te . [Edi ted by F . DE SOUSA TAVARES . ]C o rrec ted, quo ted, pub l ished in Eng land by R I CHARD HAKLUYT , 160 1 .

N ow reprinted, wi th the o rig ma l Po rtuguese text and edi ted byADM I RAL CHARLES RAMSAY DR I NKWATER BETH UNE, C . B. pp. iv. v ii i i . 242.

I ssuedfor 1 862 .

3 1—Mira b i l ia Descripta . Th e Wonders o f th e Ea s t .By FRI AR JORDANUS , o f the Orde r o f Prea che rs B isho p o f Co lum bum in

India th e Grea ter , c irca 1 330. Trans la ted from the La t in Origina l , as pub l isheda tPar is in 1 839 , in th e Recu ez

’

l a’e Voyages et de M é m oz

'

res, o f the So c ie te deG é ograph ie . W i th the addi t io n o f a Commenta ry , by COL. S IR HEN RYY U LE

,R.E. , C.B. pp. i v . xvi i i . 68 . Index . I ssu edfor 1 863 .

3 2—Th e Tra ve l s o f Ludovico di Varth em a

In Egyp t , Syria, A rab ia , Pers1a, India, Eth iopia , A . D . 1 503 to 1 508 .

T rans la ted from the orig ina l I ta l ian edi t io n o f 1 5 10, with a Preface , byJOHN W INTER JON ES, Princ ipa l L ibrarian o f the Br i t ish Museum

,

Edi ted, with No te s an Intro ductl o n , by the REV. GEORGE PERCYBADGER. pp. cxxi . 3 2 1 . 1 Map. Index . [sszrea

’

jor 1 863 .

vi i i

3 3—Th e Tra ve l s o f Pedro de Cie za de Leon, A.D. 1 5 3 2-5 0,

From the Gu lf o f Da rien to the C i ty o f La P la ta, conta ined i n the firstpa rto fh 1s Chro n ic le o f Pe ru (Antwerp, Transla ted Edi ted, with No te s

an Introduc t io n , by S IR C LEMENTS R. MARKHAM ,

ex-I ’res . R.G . S . pp. xvi . lvi i . 438 . Index .

(Vo l . 2 No . [ssuedfor 1 864 .

3 4—Narra t ive o f th e Proceeding s o f Pedraria s Da vi laIn the Pro vince s o fTie rra Firme o r Ca s t i l la de l Oro , o f the disco very o f theSo uth Sea and the Co asts o f Peru and N icaragua . Wri t ten by the Ade lantadoPascu a l de Andagoya . Trans la ted and Edi ted, with No tes a n Introduc

t io n , by S IR C L EMENTs R. MARKHAM , ex-Pres . R.O . S .

pp. xx ix . 88 . 1 Map. Index . I ssu edfor 1 865 .

3 51—11 De scrip t ion o f th e Coa sts o f Ea st Africa a nd Ma la b arI n the beginn ing o f th e S i x teen th Century. by DUAR’

I‘

E BARBOSA , a

Po rtuguese . Transla ted from an early Spam sh manuscrip t in the Ba rce lonaL ibrary , wi th No te s a Preface , by LORD STANLEY OF ALDERLEY.

pp. xi . 336. 2 I l lus . Index . [ssu ea’

jb r 1 865 .

8 6- 3 7—Ca tha y and the Wa y Th i ther.

Be ing a Co l le c t ion o f mediaeva l no t ice s o f Ch ina, previo us to th e S ixte en thCentury . Transla ted and Edi ted by COLONEL S IR H EN RY Y ULE,R .E . ,

C .B . W ith a pre l im ina ry Essay on the interco urse be twe en Ch ina the

Wes tern Na t io ns previo us to the disco ve ry o f the Cape Ro u te . 2 vo ls .3 Maps . 2 I l lus . B ib l iography . Index .

(Outofprint. ) I ssura’

for 1 866.

3 8—Th e Thre e Voya g es o f Sir Martin Frob ish er,In search o f a Pa ssag e to Catha ia India by the N o rth -We st , A .D . 1 5 76-8.

By GEORGE BEST . Reprin ted from the FirstEdi t ion o f H AKLUYT’

S Vo yages .W i th Se le c t io ns from MS . Do cuments in th e Bri t ish Museum S ta te PaperOffi ce . Edi ted by ADM I RAL S IR R ICHARD COLL INSON ,

K.C .B . pp. xxvi .3 76. 2 Maps. 1 I l lus . Index . I ssu edfor 1 867 .

3 9—Th e Ph i l ipp ine Islands ,Mo luccas, S iam , Cambodia , Japan, and Ch ina , atthe c lo se o f th e 16th Cen tury .

By ANTON IO DE MORGA , 1609. Transla ted from th e Span ish , w1th N o tesa Preface , and a Le t te r from Lu i s Vaez de To rre s , de scr ib ing his Vo yageth rough th e To rre s Stra i ts, by LORD STANLEY OF ALDERLEY . pp . xx iv. 43 1 .

2 I l lus . Index . [ssu ea’

for 1 868 .

40—Th e Fifth Letter of Hernan Corte s

To the Empe ro r Ch arle s V. , co nta in ing an Acco un t o f his Expedi t io n to

H o ndura s in 1 5 25-26. Trans la ted from the o rigina l Span ish by DON

PASCUAL DE GAYANGOS . pp. xvi . 1 56. Index . [ssu edfor 1 868.

4 1—Th e Roya l Com m entaries of th e Ynca s.

By the YNCA GARC I LASSO DE LA VEGA . Trans la ted and Edi ted,wi th No tes

an Introduc t ion ,by S IR C LEMENTS R . M ARKHAM , K.G.B.

ex-P res. R .G .S . Vol . 1 . (Bo oks I .- IV . ) pp. x i . 3 59. 1 Map . Index .

(Vo l. 2 .=No . [ssuea

’

for 1 869.

42—Th e Thre e Voya g es of Va sco da Gama ,

And his Vic e ro ya l ty , from th e Lenda s da India o f GASPAR CORREA a ccom

paniedby o rig ina l do cuments . Transla ted from th e Po rtuguese

,with No tes

an Intro duc t io n ,by LORD STANLEY OF ALDERLEY . pp. 1xxvii . 430.

xxxv . 3 I l lus . Index . (Outof prz'

nt. ) fssu ea’

jb r 1 869.

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5 2—Th e Firs t Voya g e Round th e World b y Ma g e l lan. 1 5 18 - 1 5 21.

Trans la ted from the Acco unts o f PIGAFETTA and o the r con tempo ra ry wr i te rs.A ccompani e d by o rig ina l Do cuments , wi th No te s an In troduc t io n , by LORDS TANLEY OF ALDER LEY . pp. Ix. 25 7. xx . 2 Maps . 5 I l lus . Index .

I ssutdjb r 1 874.

5 3—Th e Com m en tarie s o f th e Grea t Afon so Da lb oquerque ,S econd

.

V1ceroy o f Ind ia . Trans la ted from the Po rtugue se Edi t ion o f 1 774,a nd Edi ted by WALTER DE G RAY B I RCH , o f the Br i t i sh Museum .

Vol . 1 . pp. 1x. 2 56. 2 Maps . 1 I l lus . (Index in N o .

(Vol . 2 : No . 5 5 . Vol . 3 =No . 62 . Vo l . 4=No . I ssued/b r 1 875 .

5 4—Th e Three Voya g e s o f Wi lllam Baren ts to th e Arctic Reg ions , in 1 5 94,1 5 9 5 , 81 1 5 9 5 .

.By GERR IT DE VEER. Edi ted, with an In troduc t ion ,by L ieu t . KOOLEMANS

BEYNEN, o f the Roya l Ne therlands N avy . Seco nd Edi t io n . pp. c lxxiv. 289.

2 Maps . 1 2 I l lus . I ssu ed for 1 876 .

(First Editio n z No .

5 5—Th e Com m en taries o f th e GreatAfon so Da lb oquerque ,Second Vice ro y o f India. Trans la ted from the Po rtuguese Edi t io n o f 1 774,With No te s and an Introduc t io n , by WALTER DE GRAY B IRCH , o fthe Br i t ish Museum . Vol . 2 . pp. cxxx iv . 242 . 2 Maps . 2 I l lus . (Index inNO . I ssu ed for 1 875 .

(Vo l . 1 =No . 5 3 . Vo l . 3 =No . 62 . Vo l . 4=No .

5 6- The Voya g es o f Sir Jam e s La nca s ter, Knt to th e Ea st Indies,

W i th A bstra c ts o f Jo urna l s o fVo yage s to th e Eas t Indie s, dur ing the Sevenlteenth c entury , preserved in the India Offi ce , th e Vo yage o f L ap lam JOHNKN IGHT , 1606, to se ek the N o rth -We s t Pa ssage . Edi ted by S IR CLEMENTSR. MARKHAM , ex-Pre s. R .G .S . pp. xx i i . 3 14 . Index .

I sm edfor 1 877.

5 7 Th e Hawk ins’ Voya g es

During the re igns o f H enry V I I I , Que en E l i za be th , and Jame s I . [Se conde di t io n o f No . Edi ted by S IR CLEMENTS R . MARKHAM ,ex-Pre s . R.G .S . pp. l i i . 45 3 . 1 I l lus. Index . l ssuedfor 1 877.

(Firs t Edition z N o .

5 8—The Bonda g e a nd Tra ve l s o f Johann Sch i ltb erg er, a Na t ive of Ba varia ,in Europe , Asia , Africa .

From h is capture atthe ba tt le o f N icopo l is in 1 396 to his e scape and re turnto Europe i n 1427. Transla ted from the He ide lberg MS Edi ted in 1 859 byPro fe sso r KARL FR. NEUMANN ,

by Commande r jo HN BUCHAN Th LFER,R.N . ; F . S . A . t h No te s by Pro fe sso r P. BRU UN , 8

: a Preface,Introduc t io n,

No te s by the Transla to r Edi to r. pp. xx'c i i . 263 . 1 Map . B ibl iography .Index . I ssu ed f ur 1 8 78 .

5 9—Th e Voya g e s a nd Work s o f John Da v i s th e Na vig a tor.

Edi ted by ADM IRAL S 1R A LBERT HAST INGS MARKHAM , K.C.B.

pp. xcv. 392 . 2 Maps . 1 5 I llus. B ibl iography . Index . I ssu edfor 1 8 78.

Th e Ma p 01 th e World, A.D. 1600.

Ca l led by Shakspere The N ew M ap , wi th the A ugmenta t i o n o f the Indie s . ”T0 i l lustra te the Voyage s o f Jo hn Dav is . I ssu ed for 1 878 .

60-6 1—Th e Na tura l 81 Mora l His tory of th e Indie s .By Fathe r JOSEPH DE ACOSTA . Reprinted from the Eng l i sh Trans la ted Edi t iono f Edwa rd G rimsto n , 1604 ; and Edi ted b y S IR CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM ,

F . R . S ex-Pre s. R.G . S . Vol . I , The Na tura l H isto ry Books , I .- IV.

pp. x lv. 295 . Vol . 2,The Mo ra l H isto ry Books, V.

-V I I . pp. x i i i . 295 -5 5 1 .Index . I ssu edfor 1 8 79 .

Ma p of Peru.

TO I l lus tra te N o s. 33 , 4 1 , 45 , 60, and 6 1 . I ssuedfor 1 879.

62—Th e Com m en tarie s o f th e GreatAfonso Da lb o qu erque ,S e co ndVice ro y o f India . Trans la ted from the Po rtuguese Edi t io n o f 1 774,with No te s an Introduc t io n ,

by WALTER DE GRAY B I RCH , o f

the Bri t ish Museum . Vol . 3 . pp. x l i v. 308 . 3 Maps. 3 I l lus . (Index inN O . I ssu edfor 1 880.

63—Th e Voya g e s o f Wi l l ia m Bath u , 16 12- 1622.

Edi ted, with No te s an Int oductio n , by S IR CLEM ENTS R. MARKHAM ,ex- I

’re s. R.G .S . pp. l i x . 192 . 8 Maps. 1 I l lus . Index .

[ssu edfor 1 880.

64—Nar’ra t ive o f th e Portug ue se Emb a ssy to Ab ys sinia.D aring th e years 1 5 20 - 1 5 27. By Fa the r FRANC ISCO ALVAREZ . Trans la tedfrom the Po rtuguese 81 Edi ted, wi th No tes an In troduc t io n , by LORDSTANLEY OF A LDERLEY . pp. xxvi i . 4 16. Index . l sm edjb r 188 1 .

65—Th e History o f th e Berm uda s or Sum m er Is la nds .Attributed to Capta i n NATHAN I EL BUTLER. Edi ted from a MS . in the

S lo ane Co l le c t io n ,Br i t ish Museum

,by Gene ra l S IR JOHN H EN RY LEFROY,

R. A . , C . B . , F . R .S . pp. xi1. 327. 1 Map . 3 I l lus . G lo ssa ry .

I ndex . I ssu ea’

for 1 88 1 .

66-67—Th e Diary o f Richa rd Cock s ,Cape -Merchan t in the Eng l ish Fa c to ry in Japan, 1 6 1 5 - 1622, with Co rrespondence (Add . MSS .

- 1 , Bri t ish Museum ). Ed i ted by S IR EDWARDMAUNDE THOM PSON , D irec to r o f the Bri t ish Museum . Vol . 1 .

pp. l i v . 349 . Vol . 2 , pp. 368 . Index . I ssued for 1 882 .

68—Th e Second Pa rt o f th e Chronic le o f Peru , 1 5 3 2- 1 5 5 0By PEDRO DE C I EZ A DE LEON . 1 5 54. Trans la ted a nd Edi ted, with No tes

an Introduc t io n ,by S IR CLEM ENTS R. MARKHAM , K. G. B ,

e x-Pres . K.G .S . pp. 1x. 247. Index . [sm ea’

for 1 883 .

(Vo l. 1=No .

69 - Th e Com men tarie s o f th e Grea t Afon so Da lb oquer’que ,S econdVic ero y o f India . Trans la ted from the Po rtugue se Edi t io n o f 1 774,W i th No te s an Introduc t io n , by WALTER DE GRAY B IRCH , o f the

Bri t ish Museum. Vo l. 4 . pp. xxxv . 324. 2 Maps . 2 I llus . Index to the

4 vols . I ssu edfor 1 883 .

(Vol . 1 =N o . 5 3 . Vol . 2=N0 . 5 5 . Vo l. 3 =No .

70-7 1—Th e Voya g e of John Huyg h en van Linscho ten to th e Ea st Indie s.

From th e O ld Eng l ish Trans la t io n o f 1 598 . The F irstBook , co ntam ing hisDescrip t ion o f th e Eas t . In Two Vo lume s , Edi ted, the First Vo lume , bythe la te ARTHUR CO KE BURNEL l , Ph .D. , C . I . E Madra s C . S . ; the

S econd Vo lume , by P IETER ANTON T I ELE , o f Utrech t . Vo l 1 . pp. l i i . 307.

Vol , 2 . pp. xv. 34 1 . Index . I ssu edf or 1884.

72-73—Early Voya g es and Tra ve l s to Ru s sia a nd Pers ia ,

By ANTHONY JENK INSON and o ther Engl ishmen,wi th some ac c o un t o f the

first Inte rco urse o f th e Engl ish W i th Russ ia and Cen tra l A s ia by way o f the

Caspian Sea . Edi ted by EDWARD DELMAR M ORGAN , and CHARLES HENRYCOOTE , o f the Bri t ish Museum . Vol . 1 . pp c lx i i . 1 76. 2 Maps . 2 I l lus .Vo l . 2 . pp. 1 77-

496. 2 Maps . 1 I l lus . Index . I ssu ed for 1 885 .

74-7 5—The Dia ry o f Wi l l ia m Hedg e s, Esq . ,

A fte rwa rds S IR H EDGES, duri ng h is Agency ln Benga l ; as we l l as onh isVo yage o utand Re turn Ove rland (168 1 Transcr ibed forth e Press,wi th In troduc to ry N o tes, etc . ,

by R . BARLOW , and I l lus tra ted by cop io usEx tra c ts from Unpub l ished Re co rds, etc . ,

by C01. S ir H EN RY Y ULE ,K .C . S . I R .E . , C .B .

, LL . D Vol . 1 . The D iary , with Index . pp. x i i . 265 .

Vol . 2 . N o t ice s rega rding S l l’ W i l l iam Hedge s, Do cumentary Memo irs o f Jo bCha rnock ,

and o ther B io graph ica l M isce l laneo us I l lustra t io ns o f the t ime inIndia . pp. ccc lx . 287 . 1 8 I l lus . I ssu edfor 1 886 .

(Vol . 3 =No .

76-7 7—The Voya g e o f Fra ngo is Pyrard, o f La va l , to th e Ea st Indie s ,The Ma ldive s, the M o lu cca s and Bra z 1l . Trans la ted 1nto Engl ish from the

Th ird French Edi t ion o f 16 19, and Edi ted, with No te s , by A LBERTGRAY , K .C . , ass is ted by HARRY CHARLES PURV I S BELL , Cey lon C . S .

Vol . 1 . pp. lvi i i . 1 M ap . 1 1 I l lus . Vo l . 2 . Part I . pp . x lvi i . 287. 7 I l lus .(Vol . 2 . Part I I . =No . I ssu edfor 1 887.

78—Th e Diary o f Wi l l iam Hedg es, Esq .

V ol . 3 . Do cumentary Co n tribut io ns to a B iography o fThoma s Pi tt , Go verno ro f Fo rt St. Ge o rge , with Co l lec t io ns o n the Ear ly H isto ry o f the Company’sSe tt lement in Benga l , 8: o n Early Cha rts and To pography o f the Ht

’

tgli R i ve r.pp. cc lxi i . 1 Map . 8 I l lus . Index to Vols. 2 , 3 . I ssu ea

'

for 1 888 .

(Vo ls . 1 , 2=Nos . 74 ,

79—Tra c ta tus de Glob is, et eorum u su .

A Trea t ise descripttve o f th e G lo be s cons truc ted by Eme ry Mo lyneux,and

Pub l ished in 1 5 92 . By ROBERT H U ES . Edi ted, with annota ted Indice s an

Introduc t ion , by S IR CLEMENTS R . MARKHAM , ex-Pre s .R .G . S . To wh ich is appended,

Sa i l ing Direc t ions for th e Circ um na vig a t ion o f Eng la nd.

And for a Vo yage to the S tra i ts o f G ibra l ta r. From a Fifteen th CenturyMS . Edi ted, with an Acco un t o f the MS . ,

by JAM ES GA IRDNER, o f the

Publ ic Re co rd Office ; with a G lo ssary hy EDWARD DELMAR M ORGAN .

pp . 1. 229. 37 . 1 I l lus . 1 Map . I ssu edfor 1888 .

80—Th e Voya g e of Frango i s Pypard, o f La va l , to th e Ea s t Indie s , th eMa ldive s , th e Mo luc ca s , and Bra z i l .

Translated into Eng l ish from the Th ird French Edi t io n o f 1619, and Edi ted,wi th No te s , by ALBERT GRAY , K.C . , a ss isted by HARRY CHARLES PURVI SBELL , Cey lo n C i v i l Service . VO12 . Pt. I I . pp. xi i . 289-

5 72 . 2 Maps . Index .

(Vo l 1 . Vol . 2 . Pt. I .=Nos . 76, I ssu edfor 1 889.

8 1—Th e Conque st o f La Plata , 1 5 3 5 - 1 5 5 5 .

I .—Vo yage o f ULR ICH SCHM IDT to the R i vers La P la ta and Pa ragua i , from

the trig ina l Ge rman edi t io n , 1 567 I I . Th e Commen tarie s o f A lva r Nufi ez

Cabe z a de Vaca . From the o rig ina l Span ish Edit ion, 1 5 5 5 . Trans la ted,

with N o te s and an Introduc t io n , by H . E . DON LU I S L . DOM INGU EZ,

M ini ste r P len ipo tent iary o f the Argentine Repub l ic . pp. k lvi . 282 . 1 Map ,B ibl iography . Index . I ssu ed fb r 1889 .

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9 5—Th e Chronic le 01’

th e Di sco very a nd Conque s t o f Gu inea .

Wr i tten b y COMES RANNES DE AZURARA . Now firs t do ne into Eng l ishand Edi ted by CHARLES R AYMOND BEAZLEY , M .A . , and EDGARPRESTAGE , B.A . Vol . 1 . (Ch . i . —xl . ) W i th Introduc t io n o n the L ife 8:Wri t ings o f the Chron ic ler. pp. lxvi i . 1 27 . 3 Maps . 1 I l lus.(Vol . 2=No . 1 1 1 17611 fb r 1 896 .

96-9 7—Da nlsh Arc t ic Expedi t ions , 1605 to 1620. In Two Book s .Bo ok 1 . The Dan ish Expedi t io ns to Green land, 1605 -07 ; to wh ich is addedC apta in JAMES H tLL

’

S Vo yage to Gre enland in 16 1 2 . Edi ted by CH R IST IANCARL AUGUST GOSCH . pp. xvi. cxvi i . 205 . 1 0 Maps . Inde x .

I ssu edfor 1 896.

Bo ok 2 . The Expedi t io n o f Capta in JENS MUNK to Hudso n’s Bay in sea rcho f a No rth -We s t Pa ssage in 1 6 19

-20. Edi ted by CH R I ST IAN CARL AUGUs '

r

GOSCH . pp. c xvi i i . 187. 4 Maps. 2 I l lus . Index. I ssu edfor 1897 .

98—Th e Topog raph ia Chri s t iana o f Co sm a s Indiconleuste s, an

Eg yp t ian Monk .

Trans la ted from the Gre ek andEdi ted by JOHN WATSON MCCR INDLE , LL.D.

pp. x i i . xxvi i . 398 . 4 I l lus . Index . I ssu ed/or 1897.

99—A Journa l of th e FirstVoya g e of Va sco da Gama , 149 7- 1499 .

By an unknown wri ter. Transla ted from the Po rtuguese , with an Introduc t io n and No tes , by ERNEST GEORGE RAVENSTE IN

,F pp. xxxv i .

250. 8 Maps . 23 111115 . Index . I ssued for 1898.

100—Th e Chronic le o f th e Di scovery and Conquest o f Gu inea .

Written by Go MEs BANNES DE AZ URARA . Now firstdo ne i n to Engl ish and

Edi ted by C HARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY , M .A . , and EDGARPRESTAG F, B.A . Vol . 2 . (Ch . x l i .—xcvi i . ) W i th an Introduc t io n o n the

Early H isto ry o fAfrican Explo ra t ion, Cartography , 810. pp. c l. 362 . 3 Maps.2 I l lus . Index . I ssued/b r 1 898 .

(Vol . 1 =No.

WO RKS A LREA DY I S S UE D

SECON D SER I ES .

1 899, etc .

1 Z—The Em b a s sy o f Sir Thom a

is

6 1113013

1550 th e Co urt of th e Grea t Mog ul ,

Edi ted from Co ntempo ra ry Reco rds by W I LL IAM FOSTER, B.A ., o f the

India Office . 2 vols . Po rtra i t , 2 Maps , 8: 6 I l lus . Index .

(Outq rz'

i zt. ) [ssztea’for 1 899.

3—The Voya g e of Sir Ro b ert Dudley to th e We s t Indie s andGu ia na in 1 5 94 .

Edi ted by GEORGE FREDER IC WARNER,L itt.D .

, Keeper o f‘

Manuscripts , Bri t ish Museum . pp. lxvi . 104 . Po rtra i t , Map , 1 I l lus .Index . I ssu edfor 1899.

4—Th e Jo urneys o f Wi l l iam 01’ Rub ruck and John o f Pia n de Carp ine

To Ta rtary 111 th e 1 3th c en tury . Trans la ted and Edi ted by H . E . the H on .

WM . WUODVI LLE ROCKH I LL . p .p lvi . 304. B ib l io graphy . Index .

(Outof prz'

nt. ) I ssued for 1900 .

5—Th e Vo ya g e o f Ca p ta in John Sa ri s to Ja pan in 16 1 3 .

Edi ted by H . E . S I R ERNEST MASON SATOW , pp. lxxxvi i . 242.

Map, 5 I l lus . Index . I ssu ed for 1900.

6—Th e Stra ng e Adven t ure s o f Andrew Ra t te l l o f Le ig h in Es se x .

Edi ted by ERNEST GEORGE RAVEN STE IN ,F. R.G. S . pp. xx . 2 10 . 2 Maps.

B ibl io graphy . Index. 1 1m ea’

/or 1900.

7 -8—Th e Voya g e o f Menda ha to th e So lom on Is lands in 1 5 68 .

Edi ted by th e LORD AMHERST OF HACKNEY and BA S I L THOMSON . 2 vo ls .5 Maps , 81 3 3 I l lus . Index . (Outof prz

'

ut. ) l ssu ea’

for 1 901 .

9 Th e Journey of Pedro Te ixe ira from India to I ta ly b y la nd, 1604-05W i th h is Chro n ic le o f the K ings o f Ormus . Transla ted and Edi ted byW I LL IAMFREDER IC S INCLA I R , la te Bombay C . S . , with addi t iona l No tes , &c . , byDONALD W I LL IAM FERGUSON . pp. cvi i . 292 . Inde x

(Out I sszzedf or 1 901 .

10—Th e Portug ue se Expedi t ion to Ab yssinia in 1 5 4 1 , a s na rrated b yCASTANHOSO and BERM UDEZ . Edi ted by R I CHARD STEPHEN WH ITEWAY

,

la te I . C . S . W i th a B ibl iography , by BA S I L H . SOULSBY , Supe rintendento f the Map Depa rtment , Bri t ish Museum . pp. cxxxi i . 296. M ap ,2 I l lus . B ib l iography . Index . (Outof print. ) I ssu edfor 1 902 .

1 1—Ea p ly Dutch and Eng l i sh Voya g e s to Sp i t zb erg en in th e Se ven te en thCen tury ,

Inc luding H ESSEL GERRITSZ .. H isto ire du Pays nomm é Spitsb erghe , 1 6 1 3 ,

transla ted into Eng l ish ,fo r th e . first t ime , by BA S I L I' I . SOULSBY , o f

the Bri t ish Museum and JACOB SEGERSZ . van der Brugge , “ Jo urna e l o f DaghReg ister,

”Amste rdam , 1634 , trans la ted in to Eng l ish , fo r the first t ime , by

J . A . J. DE V I LL I ERS , o f the Bri t ish Museum . Edi ted, wi th introduc t io nsand no te s by S IR MA RT IN CONW .AY pp. xvi . 19 1 . 3 Maps , 8: 3 I l lus .B ib l iography . Index . I ssu ed for 1902 .

12—Th e Coun trie s ro und th e Ba y o f Beng a l .Edi ted, from an unpubl ished MS . , 1669

-79 , by THOMAS BOWREY , by C01. S 1 11R I CHARD CA RNAC TEM PLE , Ba rt . , C . I . E . pp. lvi . 387. 19 I l lus . 1 Chart .B ib l iography . Index . [ssztedfor 1 903 .

13—The Voya g e o f Ca p ta in Don Fe l ipe Gon za le zin the Sh ip o f the L ine San Lo renzo , with the Friga te Santa Ro sa l ia. incompany , to Ea ste r I sland , in 1 770- 1 77 1 . Prec eded by an Extrac t fromMynhe e r JACOB ROGGEVEEN ’

S Offic ia l Lo g o f his Disco very o f andVis it toEa ste r Is land in 1 722 . Trans la ted, Anno tated, and Edi ted by BOLTONGLANVI LL CORNEY , Compan ion o f the Imperia l Service Order . W i th a

Preface by Adm i ra l S IR CYPR IAN B R IDGE , G .C .B. 3 Maps 4 I l lus .B ib l iography . Index . pp. lxxvi i . 1 76. I ssu edfor 1903 .

14 , 1 5—Th e Voya g e s o f Pedro Ferna nde z de Q u iro s , 1 5 9 5 to 1 606 .

Trans la ted and Edi ted by Sm CLEMENTS MARKHAM ,Pre s .

Pre s iden t o f the Hak luyt So c ie ty . W i th a No te o n the Ca rtography o f theSo u thern Co nt inen t , and a B ib l iography , by BASI L H . SOULSBY ,

Superintendent o f the Map Department , Bri t ish Museum. 2 vo ls 3 Maps .B ibl iography . Index . I ssu ed for 1904 .

1 6—John Jourda in’s Jo urna l o f a Voya g e to th e Ea st Indie s , 1 608 - 16 17 .

(S lo ane MS . 8 5 8 , Brit i sh Museum ). Edi ted by W I LL IAM FOSTER,B .A . ,

o f the India Ofli ce . pp. lxxxi i . 394. W i th Appendice s , A—F , and a B ib l iography , by BASI L H . SOULSBY , F . S .A . 4 Maps . Index . [sm ea

’

for 1905 .

1 7—Th e Tra ve ls o f Pe ter Mundy in Europe and As ia , 1608 - 1667 .

(Bodle ian L ibra ry . Raw] . M SS . A . Vol . I . Trave ls in Euro pe ,1 608 - 1628 . Edl l ed b v Lieu t . -Co l . S IR R I CHARD CARNAC TEM PLE , Ba rt . ,C . Edi to r o f A Geograph ica l Acc o un t o f Co un trie s ro und the Bay o f

Benga l .”

3 Maps 3 I llus. W i th a B ib l iography , a lphabe t ica l ly a rranged.

Index . pp. lxi i i . 284. I ssu ed for 1905 .

1 8—Ea st and West India n Mirror.

By JOR I S VAN SPEI LBERGEN . An Acco un t o f h is Vo yage Ro und the Wo rldin the years 1614 to 16 1 7, inc luding the Austra l ian Na viga t io ns o f JACOB LEMA I RE . Trans la ted from the Du tch edi t ion ,

“ Oo st ende West -IndischeSpieg e l , N z

'

cola es m m Gee/K'ercé en L eya’erz , 1 619 , with No tes and an

Introduc t ion , by JOHN A . J . DE V I LL I ERS , o f th e Br i t ish Museum . W i th a

B ibl iograph y Index by BAS I L H . SOULSBY , F.S .A . 26 I l lus . Maps .Inde x . pp. lx i . 272 . [ysu ea

'

for 1906.

19—A New Account 01’Ea st India and Pers ia .

In e igh t Le t ters , be ing N ine Years’

Trave ls , begun 1672 , and finish ed 168 1 .

By JOHN FRYER, M . D . , Cantab rig . , and Fe l low o f the Ro ya l So c ie ty.Pri nted by R . for k z

'

. C/ziswe/l at the Rose a nd Cro wn in St. Pa u l ’s

C/mrc/zyard, L ondon , 1 688 . Fo l . Edi ted, wi th No tes and an Introduction,by WI LLIAM CROOKE , B.A . , Benga l C iv i l Service (re ti red) , Edi to r o fH obso n Jo bson,

”&c .

, &0. Vo l. 1 . [sm edfor 1909.

21—Th e Guanch e s of Tenerife , Th e Ho ly Im a g e 01’

Our Lady o f Cande la ria .

W i th th e Span i sh Conque s t and Se tt lement . By the FR IAR ALONSO DE

ESP INOSA , o f the Orde r o f Preachers . 1 594. Trans la ted and Edi ted, withNo tes and an Introduc t io n , by S IR CLEMENTS MARKHAM , Pre s idento fthe Hak luyt So c ie ty . W i th a B ib l iography o f th e Cana ry Is lands, A .D. 1 34 1

1 907 , chro no lo g ica l ly a rranged, wi th the Bri t ish Museum press -marks , and an

a lphabe t ica l l is t o f au tho rs , edito rs , and ti t les . 2 Maps , by S IR CLEMENTSMARKHAM , and 4 I l lus. Index . pp. xxv i . 22 1 . I ssu edfor 1907.

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xvi i i

OTHER WORKS UNDERTAKEN BY EDITORS.

1 . L i b ro de l Co no sc im iento ,the wo rk o f a Span ish Franc iscan o f the

Fo urte en th Cen tury o n the Geo graphy o f the known World . Transla ted from the Edi t io n o f Ma rco s J imene z de la Espada by S IRCLEMEN

’

I‘

S R. MARKHAM , K.C .B.

2 . The Trave l s (in Turkey , Pers ia , and India ) o f He inrich vo n Po se r,162 1 - 1624 ; Edi ted by WM . IRV INE .

Dia ry o f the Jo urney o f Fa ther Samue l Fri tz , M iss io nary o f the Crown o f

Ca st i l le in the Rio Mara fio n ,from S . Jo aqu in de Om ag tta s to the

C i ty o f Gran Pa ra in th e y ea r 1689. Trans la ted from the Evo raMS . , and Edi tedwith a n Introduc t io n and No te s , by the REV. GEORGEEDM UNDSON , M .A .

,Vica r o f St. Savio ur’s, Che lsea , London , S .W.

The Jo urna ls o f the Span ish Expedi t io ns to Tah i t i , co nduc ted byCapt . DON DOM INGO BOENECHEA , and o thers , in the yea rs 1 772 -6.

Now first co l le c ted and transla ted by BOLTON GLANVILL CORNEY ,(Th is work , to wh ich vol . 1 3 o f the Seco nd Serie s fo rms a

precurso r , wi l l inc lttde the ten mo nths’ diary o f the firstEuro pean whowho eve r re s ided in Tah i t i . )

The Vo yage o f S ir Henry M iddle ton to Bantam and the Ma lttco Is lands ,be ing the Se co nd Vo yage set fo rth by the Go verno r a nd Company o fMe rchants o f Lo ndo n trading in to the Ea st Indie s. From the rareEdition o f 1606 Anno ta ted and Edi ted by BOLTON CORN EY ,

New Edi t io n (o f Ser. I . , vol . by BOLTON GLANVI LL

CORNEV,

6 . The D isco very o f the Large , R ich , and Beau t ifu l Emp ire o f Gu iana , wi tha re la t io n o f th e grea t and go lden C i ty o f Mano a (wh ich the Span iardsc a l l Rl Dorado ) , etc . , perfo rmed in the yea r 1 595 by S IR WALTERRALE IGH , Knt. Reprin ted from th e edi t io n o f 1 596. W i th someunpub l ish ed Do cuments re la t ive to tha t co untry . Edi ted (ih 1848 )with co pio us explana to ry No te s and a b iog raph ica l Memo ir by S IRROBERT HERMANN SCHOMBURGK, Ph .D. Se co nd Edi t io n (o f Se t. I ,vol . by H . E. S IR EVERARD FERD INAND IM TH U RN ,

C .B. ,

7 . The Vo yage s o f Lu ig i cli Cadam o sto , the Vene t ian , a long th e We s t Co a s to f A ftica , in th e years 145 5 and 1456. Transla ted from the earl ie s tI ta l ian tex t o f 1 507, in Mo nta lb oddo Fracan

’

s Pa esi noz 'am ente

n'

trovati , and Edi ted by HEN RY YULE O LDHAM,M .A . ,

The Le tters o f Pie tro De l la Va l le from Pers ia , &c . Transla ted and

Edited by L I EUT .-COLONEI S IR MATTH EW NATHAN , C . C M .G. ,

AND CONT INUAT IONS OF

9 . The Trave l s o f Pe te r Mundy. (See NO . 1 7, p. xvi . )

10. Fryer’s Ea st India and Pe rs ia . (See No . 19 , p. xvi . )

1 1 . The Co nque st o f New Spa in . (See Nos. 23 , 24 , 2 5 , p. xvi i . )

I N D E X

TO THE FIRST AND SECOND SERIES OF THE SOCIETY’

S

PUBL ICATIONS , 1847-191 1 .

Ab d-er-Razzak,i . 22

Abyss in ia., i . 3 2, 64 11 . IO

Aco sta , Jo seph de, i . 60, 61Acufi a , Cr isto va l de, i . 24 i i . 22Adams

,Wi l l .

,i . 8 , 66, 67 i i . 5

Afr ica,i . 21 , 5 8, 82, 83 , 92-94

,95

,100

Afr ica , Ea st, i . 32, 3 5 , 64 i i . 10Afr ica , We s t

,i i. 6

Agu irre , Lope de , i . 28 , 47Al am ino s

,Anton de

,i i . 23

A lbuquerque , Afl‘

onso de,i . 5 3

,5 5 ,

62 69

Alcock,Thoma s, i . 72, 73

Alessandr i,Vincentio d

’

, i . 49

Al Ha ssa n Ibn Muhamm ad. See HasanA lvarado , Pedro de, i i . 23Alva re z , Franc isco , i . 64.Alvo, Franc isco , i . 5 2Am apa ia , i . 3

.Atnat y J anient, Manue l de,Vice roy

of Peru , i i . 1 3Amazon

,i . 24

Amer ica,Centra l

,i . 40

Ame rica,No rth

,i . 2, 4, 6, 7 , 9, 1 1 ,

Am e r ica , So u th , i . 3 , 21 , 24, 28 , 3 3 ,3 4, 41 , 43 , 45 , 47, 5 1 , 60. 61 , 68,76, 77, 80, 8 1 , 9

-1 ; i i . 22

Amhe rs t of Ha ckney,Lord

,ii . 7 , 8

Andagoya , I’ascu al ti e , i . 3 4 i i . 22Angio le llo . G iovann i Mar ia

, i . 49

Angola, i i . 6.Aqu ines, J uan . See Hawk ins , S ir John .

Arab ia , i . 32 ; i i . 1 6Arc t ic Reg ions , i . 1 3 , 89, 96, 97Ar ia s

,Dr . Juan Lu i s

,i . 25 i i . 1 4, I 5

Ar ia s d’

Avila,Pedro

,i 21

, 3 4, 47 ;i i . 22

, 23

Arr iaga y Rive ra , Ju l ian de , i i . 1 3Arrom a ia , i . 3

Ashe r, Geo rge Mi ch ae l , i . 27As ia , i . 5 , 8 , 1 3 -1 5

, 1 7, 1 9 , 22, 26,3 5 -39

,42, 44, 49, 5 3

- 5 5 , 5 8 , 62, 66,67, 69 -78 , 80, 82,83 , 87 ; i i . 1 , 2, 4,

Astete , M igue l de , i . 47 11 . 22

Atah ua lpa , i . 47, .68 i i . 22Austra las ia , i . 25 ii . 7 , 8 , 14, 1 5 , 18Av i la

,Franc isco de , i . 48 ii . 22

Avi la,Pedro Ar ia s d

’

. Sec Ar ia sd

’

Avila .

Azov,i . 49

Azurara, Gome s Banne s de. Sec

Eannes.

Badge r, Geo rge Percy , i . 32, 44Baffin

,Wil l iam

,i . 5 , 63 , 88 , 89

Balak,John ,

i . 1 3 , 5 4

Bantam , i . 19

Barbaro, Gio safat, i . 49

Ba rbo sa,Dua r te , i . 3 5 , 5 2

Barce lo na MSS .,i . 3 5

Bardsen,Ivar

,i . 50

Barentsz .,Wi l l iam

,i . 1 3

,27, 5 4

Barker, Edmund , i . 5 6Ba r low

,R.

,i . 74, 75 , 78

Barrow,Jo hn

,i . 1 1

Ratte l l,Andrew, i i. 6

Bea z ley , Cha r le s Raymond, i . 95 , 100Extra. Ser . 1 3

Behrens , Carl Friedr ich , 11 . 13Beke

,Cha r le s Ti lstone , i . I 3 , 5 4

Be l l , Ha rry Cha r le s Purv is , i . 76, 77,80

Be lm on te y Be rmude z , Lu is de i i .

Benga l , i . 74, 75 , 78 1 1 12

Ben t,Jame s Theodo re , 1 . 8 7

Benzon i , G iro lam o , i . 21

Be rmuda s,i . 65 , 86

Be rmude z , J03 6 , i i. 10Beste , Geo rge , i . 3 8Bethenco urt, Jean de , i . 46 11 . 21

Beth une , Char le s Ram say Drtnxwater,i . I

,30

Beynen ,Ko o lem ans

,i . 5 4

B iedma,Lu is He rnande z de

,i . 9

B i lot, Rob ert, i . 88 , 89B irch , Wa lte r de Gray , i . 5 3 , 5 5 , 6269

Bo llaert,Wi l l iam

,i . 28

Bond, S ir Edwa rd Augustus,

i . 20

Ro utier,P ierre

,i . 46 11. 21

Boty,Iver

,i . 1 3

Bowrey, Thomas , 11 . 12Bracc io lin i , Pogg io , i . 22Bra z i l

,i . 5 1 , 76, 77, 80

Bridge , Adm ira l S ir Cypr ian Arthu rGeo rge , G. C.B i i. 1 3

Br i t ish Gu iana,i i . 26, 27

Br itish Museum MSS .,i . 2

,4,5, 6, 8 ,

16, 20, 25 , 3 8, 5 2, 5 3 , 5 5 , 62, 65-67,

69 ; i i . 1 3 , 1 6, 22Brown, Dr . Robe rt, i . 92-94

Brugge , Jacob Segersz , van der . SeeSegersz , Je c o bBruun

,Phili p, i . 5 8

Bu rne l l , Arth ur Coke , i . 70, 71B a rre, Wa lte r , i . 1 9Burro ugh , Chr istophe r, i . 72, 73Burro ugh , W i l l iam ,

i . 72, 73Burton

,Sir Richard Franc is ,

i . 5 1

Butle r,Nathan ie l

,i . 65

,86

Button , S ir Thomas, i . 5 , 88 , 89Bylot, Robe rt, i . 5 , 63 , 88 , 89

Gehege de Vaca, Alva r N ufi e z . See

Nuftez Cab egza de Vaca.Cabot, John ,

i . 86

Cabot, Seba stian ,

i . 5 , 12

Cambodia , i . 39Ca/narian , The, i 46 11 . 21

Canary I slands,1 . 21 , 46 ii . 21

Cande la r ia , Ou r Lady o i , i i . 21Cape of Go od Hope, i . 22, 3 6, 37, 8283

Carm ont,El i zabeth

,Extra Ser . 1 2

Carpino , Joannes,de P lano. See

Joannes .Casp ian Sea, i . 72, 73Cassano

,Ussan

, i . 49

Castanh o so,Migue l de , 11 . 10

Ca sti l le. del 01 0, i . 3 4, 47Cathay , i . 5 , 1 3 , 3 6-38, 5 4 ; i i. 19 , 20Champla in, Samue l , i . 23Chance , Dr . , i . 2, 43Cha rles V.

,Empe ro r, i . 40, 47 ; 11 . 22

23 , 24

Charno ck, Job, i . 74 , 75 , 78Chein ie

,R ichard

,1. 72, 73

Chi na,i . 5

,1 3 - 1 5

,1 7, 3 6, 37, 3 9, 5 4 ; 11 .

1 9 , 20

Christy,Robert.Mi l le r, i . 88 , 89

Cie za de Leon,Pedro de, i . 3 3 , 68 11 .

22

Cinnam on,Land o f, i . 24

C lavigo , Ruy Gonza le z de. See Gonza lez de Clavigo .

Cl i ffe , Edwa rd 1. 16

Cl iffo rd, Geo rge , i . 5 9

Co a ts,W i l l iam , i . 1 1

Cocks, R ich ard, i . 8 , 66, 67Cogswe l l , Jo seph G . ,

i . 27Co l l inson

, Sir R ichard, i . 38

Co lum bus, Ch r istopherJoum al . i . 86Letters

, i . 2, 43

Congo , i i . 6Co ntar in i , Amb rog io , i . 49Conti

,Nic o lb , i . 22

Conway,SirW i l l iam Martin 11. 11

Co o ley,Wi l l iam De sbo rough , i . 4

Cook, Capta in Jame s , i . 25

Co ote ,Charles Henry , i . 72, 73Co rney , Bo lton ,

i . 1 9

Co rney , Bo lton Glanvill, l . S .0.

i i . 1 3Co rrea

,Gaspar

,i . 42

Co rte Rea l , Gaspar, i . 86Co rté s , Hernando , i . , 21 , 40 ; 11. 23 ,24

,25

Co sma s Indicopleu stes, i . 98Cove l , John , i . 87Cro sse

,Ra lph , i . 5 6

Cro oke , W i l l iam , i i . 1 9Cumbe r land, Ea r l o i , i . 5 9Cu zco, i . 47 i i . 22

Dalb oquerqu e, Afonso. See Albuqu erque .

Dallam , Thomas , i . 87Da lrymple , A lexander , i . 25 ; 11.Damp ie r , W i l l iam , i . 25

Dan ish Arctic Expedi t ions, i . 96, 97Dar ien ,

Gu lf o i,i . 3 3

Dati,G iu l iano , i . 2, 43

Da vi la , Pedra r ia s . See Ar ias d’Avila .

Davis , Edward , i i . 1 3Davis , John ,

i . 5 , 5 9 , 88, 89

De Vi l l ie rs , John Abraham Jacob ,i i. 1 1 , 1 8 , 26 . 27

Dia z , Juan , Clerig o , i i . 23Diaz de l Ca sti l lo , Berna ] , 11 . 23 , 24, 25Digge s , SirDudley , i . 63Dom inguez , Don Lu is L .

,i . 81

Donck , Adr ian van der,i . 27

Dorado,El

,i . 3 , 28

Do ugh ty , Thoma s , i . 16Downton ,

N icho la s , i . 5 6Drake , S ir Franc is , i . 4, 16Drake . S irFranc is , th e Yo unger, i . 16Dryandri , Joh . , i . 5 1

Ducket,Jefi'

t'

ey, i . 72, 73

Dudley , S irRo be rt, i i . 3Du tch Vo yages, i . 1 3 ; i i . 1 1 , 1 3, 1 8

East. India , i i . 1 9Ea st India Company , i . 5 , 19

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Japan,i . 8 , 39, 66, 67 11. 5

Java,i . 82

,83

Jeann in,P. , i . 27

Jenk inson,Anth011y, i . 72, 73

Joannes,de P lano Carpino

,11. 4

Extra Ser . 1 3Jones, Jo hn W inter, 1. 7, 22, 32J ordanu s [Catalan i] , i . 3 1Jourdain , John , i i . 1 6J o vius

,Pau lus

,i . 1 2

Juet,Robert

,i . 27

Keel ing,Wi l l iam

,1. 5 6

Kn ight,J ohn

,1. 5 , 5 6, 88, 89

Lam b rechtsen,i . 27

Lancaster,S ir James

,i . 5 6

La Peyré re , Isaac de, 1. 18La P lata

,C ity , 1. 3 3

La Plata, R iver, 1. 81Lefroy

,S ir J01m Henry

,

i . 65 , 86

Leg'

u at, Franyo is, i . 82, 83

Le Maire,Jacob

,ii . 18

Lenda s da India , 1. 42

Leo Africanus,1. 92-94

Leone,Giovann i

,i . 92-94

Leupe,P. A.

,i . 25

Levan t,i . 87

Le Verrier, Jean , 1. 46 11 . 21

Lez a.Gaspar Gonza lez de, 1. 3 9 11 .

14, 1 5

Lin schoten , Jan Huyghen van , 1. 70 71

Mccr indle , John Watson , 1. 89Madras

,i . 74, 75 , 78

Madrid MSS .,i . 29

Magel lan,Ferd in and

,i . 5 2

Magellan , Straits o f, i . 91 i i . 18Major , Ri

'chard Henry,i .

'

2, 6, 10, 12,

Ma lay Arch ipelago,ii . 16, 18

Malabar,i . 3 5

Ma ldi ve I slands,1. 76, 77, 80

Ma luco Island s . See Mo lucca I slands .Manoa

,i . 3

Markham,S irAlb ertHastingé ,

i . 5 9

Markham S irClem entsRob ert,i . 24, 26, 28 , 29, 3 3 , 3 4, 41 , 5 6, 5 7,60, 61 , 63 , 68, 79, 86, 90, 91 i i. 1 41 5 , 21 , 22, 28

Martens,Friedrich , i . 18

Maud slay,Alfred Perc ival , 11. 23 ,

Mauritius,1. 82, 83

Maynarde , Thomas, i . 4Mendafia de Neyra, Al varo, i . 25 , 39

Mendoza , Juan Gon za le z de, 1. 1 4, 15Mexico

,i . 23 ; i i . 23 , 24

M ichon , Marie , Extra Ser. , 12, 33M iddleton

,Chr istopher

,1. 1 1

M idd leton , S ir Henry , 1. 19, 5 6M ira bil ia Descripta ,

i . 3 1

Mogul , The Great , ii . 1 , 2Mo lucca Islands

,1. 5 2, 76, 77 180 ,

Molyneux,Emery

,i . 79

Montezuma,i . 61 11 . 23

,24

Morga , Antonio de, 1. 3 9 i i. 14, 1 5Morgan

,H enry

,1,5 9

Morgan , Edward Delmar , i . 72, 73 ,

Mundy,Peter

,i i. 17

Munk , Jens , i . 96, 97Miinster, Sebastian , i . 12Muscovy Company, 1. 7, 63 11. 1 1

Neum ann,Kar l Friedrich

,i . 5 8

New Hebrides,i i . 1 4

,1 5

New Spain,ii . 23

New World,1. 2

,43

N icaragua,1. 3 4

N icopol is,i . 5 8

Nikitin, Athanasius, i . 22

Nombre de D ios,i . 1 6

Norsem en in America, 1. 2, 5 0

North -East Voyages , i . 1 3North-West Passage

,1. 5 , 1 1 , 3 8, 5 6,

Northern Seas , i . 5 0Nova Z em b la

,i . 1 3

,5 4

Nufi ez Cab eea de Vaca A lvar,

Ocampo, Bal tasar de , 11. 22Olaond

l

o,A lberto

,i i . 1 3

Ol id,Cristé va l de , i i . 23

Ol iver,Samuel Pasfield

,i . 82

, 83

Omagua,i . 28

’

Om fin, i . 44

Ondegardo , Po lo de, i . 48 11. 22

Orellana , Franc isco de, 1. 24Orleans , Pierre Jo seph d

’

,i . 1 7

Ormu z , Kings o f, i i . 9Ov iedo, Gabriel de, i i . 22

Pachacamac, 1 47 ; 11 . 22

Pac ific Ocean , 1 . 1 , 3 4, 5 7 ; 18Paraguay

,R iver

,1. 8 1

Parke,Robert

,i . 1 4, 1 5

Pel lham,Edward

,1. 18

Felsa rt,Francis

,1. 25

Pereira,Thomas

,1. 17

Persia,i . 32

,49

, 72, 73 11. 19

Peru,1. 3 3

,34, 41 , 45 , 47, 60, 61 , 68

i i . 22Peru

,Chronicle o f

,i . 3 3 , 68

Ph il ip,Wil l iam

,i . 1 3

,5 4

Ph il ipp ine I slands,1. 3 9

Pigafetta , Anton io , 1. 5 2Pitt Diamond, 1. 78

xx i i i

Pitt , Thomas , 1. 74, 75 , 78Pizarro

,Franc isco, i . 21 , 47 11. 22

Piz arro , Gonzalo, i . 21 , 24, 47 i i . 22Pizarro

,Hernando

,i . 47 ii . 22

Po chah ontas, i . 6Pool

,Gerrit Th om a sz .

,i . 25

Portugal,1. 64 ; i i . 10

Pory,John , i . 92-94

Powhatan,i . 6

Prado y Tovar, Do n D iego dei i . 1 4, 1 5Prestage

,Edgar, i . 95 , 100

Prester John,1. 64 ii . 10

Pricket Ab acuk,i,27

Publ ic Record Offi ce MSS . , i . 3 8

Puerto Rico , 1. 4Purchas

,Samuel

,1. 1 3

,5 6, 63 Ext ra

Ser . 14-33Pyrard, Franeo is, i . 76, 77, 80

Q uatrem ere , i . 22

Q u iros , Pedro Fernandez de, 1. 25 ,39 11 . 14

,1 5

Raleigh,S ir Wal ter

,i . 3

Raleigh,“Hu ber

,Professor, Extra.

Ser . 12Ram u sio , G iovann i Batt ista , i . 49, 5 2Ravenstein

,Ernest George

,1. 99 i i . 6

Rawl inson MSS .,i i . 1 7

Recu eil de Voyages, i . 3 1Rem é n ,

Alonzo , i i . 23R ibault , John , 1. 7Rockhi l l, W i l l iam Woodvil le, i i . 4Rodriguez

,Island

,1. 82, 83

Roe,S ir Thomas

,ii . 1 , 2

Roggeveeu , Jacob , ii . 1 3Roy

,Eu gene Armand , i . 49

Ru bruqu is, Gu lielm u s de,i i. 4

tra Ser . 1 3Rundall

,Thoma s

,i . 5 , 8

Russe Com m onwea lth , i . 20

Russ ia,1. 10

,12

,20

, 72, 73

Rye , Will iam Brenchley , i . 9

Sali I- Ibn -Ru z a ik , i . 44

Samarcand,i . 26

Sancho,Pedro

,i . 47 i i . 22

Santo -S tefano,H ieron im o d i 1 22

Saris,John

,i . 8 i i. 5

Sarmiento de Gamboa,Pedro

,i . 91

i i. 22Satow

,S ir Ernest Mason

,

i i . 5Sch iltb erger, Johann ,

i . 5 8

Schm idel,U lrich

,i . 81

Schm idt,Ulrich . See Schmidel .

Sch m b u rgk , S ir Robert Hermann ,

i . 3

Schouten , Willern Cornelisz .,ii . 1 8

Sooty , S ir Edmund ,‘

11 . 21

Sea m a n’

s Secrets,1. 5 9

S egersz . ,Jacob , i i 1 1

Sellman,Edward

,1 . 3 8

Shakspere ’s “New Map , i . 5 9

Sharpe igh , Al exander, i . 5 6Shaw

, Norton , i . 23S iam

,i . 3 9

S imon,Pedro

,i . 28

S incla ir,William Frederic

,11 . 9

S l oane MSS . , i . 25 , 65 i i . 1 6Smith

,Capt . John

,1. 65

,86

Sm ith,S ir Thomas

,1. 1 9

,63 , 65

Smyth,Wi l l iam Henry

,1. 21

So lomo n Islands,i i . 7 , 8 , 1 4, 1 5

Somers,S ir George , i . 65

Soto,Ferd inando de , 1. 9, 47

So u lsby, Ba s i l Harrington , ii . 10, 1 1 ,1 4

,1 5

,1 6, 1 8

Sousa. Tarvare s, Franc isco (1e , 1. 30So uth Sea, See Pac ific Ocean .

Span ish MSS .,i . 29

,48

Span i sh Voyages, i . 25 , 39 11. 7, 8 ,

Spe ilb erg en ,Jo r is van

,11 . 1 8

Spitsb ergen,i . 1 3

,1 8

,5 4 ; i i . 1 1 .

Staden,Joh ann von

,1. 5 1

Stanley o f Alderley,Lord

,1. 3 5 , 3 9,

S taun ton,S ir George Thomas, Bart. ,

i . 14 , 1 5

Stere,Wil l iam , 1. 1 3

Sto rm van’

s Gravesaude,11 . 26, 27

Strachey,W ill iam , i . 6

Suarez de Figueroa,Christoval

,i . 5 7

fi . 14,1 5

Summer Islands,i . 65 , 86

Syria,1. 32

Tabasco , 11 . 23Tah iti

,i i . 13

Tamerlane,The Great

,1. 26

Tana (Azov ), i . 49Tapia

,Andres de, 1 1 . 23

Tartary, i . 1 7 i i . 1 , 2, 4Tavares

,Franc isco de Sousa . Sec

So u sa Tavares , F. de .Teixeira

,Pedro , ii . 9

Te lfer. John Buchan , i . 5 8Temp le

,S ir Richa rd Cam ac , Bart . ,

i i . 1 2, 1 7Tenerife

,i i . 21

Terra. Austra l is , i . 25Terra Florida , i . 9Thom as

,William

,i . 49

Thompson,S ir Edward Maunde ,

i . 66,67

Thomson,Ba s il Home . 11 . 7

,8

Thorne,Robert

,1. 7

Tiele,Pieter Anton

,i . 70, 71

Tierra Firme , i . 28, 34, 47Timour

,Great Khan , 1. 26

Toledo , Franc isco de, V iceroy of Peru ,ii . 22

To otal,Albert

,i . 5 1

Topograpkia Chri stia na , i . 98

Torquemada , Fray Juan de, i i . 14, 1 5Torres

,Lu isVa e z de

,i . 25 , 39 i i . 14,

1 5

Toscanell i,Paolo , i . 86

Towerson , Gabr iel , 1. 1 9Tra ctatu s de Glob i s, i . 79

Transylvanu s, Maxim il ianus , i . 5 2Tupac Amam

,Inca ,

i i . 22Turb ervile

,George 1. 10

Turkey Merchants,i . 87

Ursua,Pedro de

,1. 28

,47

Val le,Pietro del la

,i . 84

,85

Varth em a, Ludovico di , i . 19, 32

Vaux,Wil l iam Sandys Wright, i , 16

Vaz,Lopez

, 1. 1 6

Veer,Gerrit de , i . 13 , 5 4

Ve leisqu e z , D iego, i i. 23Vera Cru z , ii . 23Verarzanu s, John , i . 7, 27Verbiest

,Ferd inand

,i . 1 7

Vespucc i,Amerigo

,i . 90

Vilcapam pa , i i . 22Vi -g inia Britann ia, i . 6Vivero y Velasco, Rodr igo de 1. 8

Vlam ingh , Willem de , i . 25Volkersen

,Samuel , i . 25

Warner,Geo rge Frederic, Litt.D.

,

ii . 3We igates, Straits o f, i . 1 3 , 5 4West Ind ies

,i . 4

,23 i i. 3 , 23

Weymou th,George

,i . 5 , 88 , 89

Wh ite,Adam

,i . 1 8

Wh iteway,R ichard S tephen

,11. 10

Wielhorsky,i . 22

W il l iam of Rub ru ck . See Rub ruqu is,Gu lie lm u s deWilm ere

,Al ice , i . 23

Win ter,John

,i . 16

Witsen,N icolaas ,

i . 1 7, 25

Wolstenholme , S ir John , 1. 63 , 88, 89Worlde’s Hydrographica l Descr iption ,i . 5 9

Wright,Edward

,1. 5 9

Xeres,Franc isco de, 1. 47 11. 22

Yu cas . See Incas.

Yucatan,i i . 23

Yule, S ir Henry, 1.

fi . 1 9, 20

Zeno , An ton io, 1 5 0Zeno

,Caterino

,1 . 49

Zeno , N icol o . i . 50Z ychm an

,i . 5 1

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Andrews,Michae l C. . E sq .

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Antiquaries, The Society o f, Burl ington House , Piccadi l ly , W .

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,Leesthorpe Hall

,Melton Mowbray .

Cal iforn ia , Un iversity o f, Berkeley, C111 ,U .S .A .

Cambridge University L ibrary,Cambridge .

Canada,Th e Parl iament L ib rary

, Ottawa.Cardiff Publ ic L ibrary , Trin ity Street , Card iff.Carl isle

,The Rt. Hon . the Ea r l o f

,Naworth Castle

,Bampton , Cumberland .

Carl ton C lu b Library , 94, Pa l l Mall , S .W.

Carnegie L ibrary,Pittsburgh

,Pa .

,U .S .A .

Cattarns, Richard ,“ E sq .

, 4 . A lbert; Terrace,Regent ’s Park , N .VV.

Chamberlain , Right Hon . Jo seph , M.P.,40

,Princes Gardens , S .W

Chambers,Captain Bertram Mordaun t

,R.N .

,Repulse , Devonport.

Chape lot et Cie . , 30, Rue etPassage Dauphine , Paris .

Chetham’

s L ibrary,Hunt’s Bank

,Manchester .

Ch icago , Geograph ical Soc iety p f, P. O. Box 223,Ch icago .

Ch icago Pub l ic Library . Ch icago,I l l .

,U . S .A .

Ch icago Un iversity Lib rary,Ch icago

,I l l .

,U .S .A.

Christ Church,Oxford .

Christian ia University Library,Christiania

,Norway .

Cincinnati Pub l ic L ibrary, Oh io , U . S.A .

C lark , Arthur H . , Esq .,Ca xton Bu i ld ings

,C leveland , Oh io .

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C lay, John , E sq.,University Press and Burrel l ’s Corner

,Cambridge

.

C lose, A.M.,E sq .

C lose, Lieut. -Col . Charles Frederick, R.E. ,Ordnance Survey Office,

Sou thampton .

Co lon ia l Omoe,The

,Downing S treet, S .W.

Columbia University,Library o f, New York , U . S .A.

Conway , S ir Wil l iam Martin , Al l ington Castle , Maidsto ne, Ken t.Cooke

,William Charles

,Esq .

,Vai l ima

,Bisho pstown ,

Cork .

Copenhagen Royal Library (Det Store Kongelige Bib l iothek ) , Copenhagen .Cora

,Professo r Gu ido

,M .A . , V ia Nazionale , 18 1 , Rome .

Cornell University , I thaca , New York , U . S .A .

Corney , Bolton Glanvi ll , Esq .,

19,Abingdon Court

,Kensingto n

,W.

Corn ing, C. R. , Esq ., Union League C lub , 1 , Eas t 39 S tree t, New York .

Cow, J011 11 , Esq . ,Elfinsward,

Hayward’s Heath,Sussex .

Cox , A l exander G. ,E sq . , Imperial Railways of North Ch ina, Tientsin .

Crewdson ,W.

, E sq ., J .P.

,Southside

, St. Leonards -o h -Sea.Croydon Pub l ic Libraries

,Central L ibrary

,Town Hall

,Croydon .

Curzon of Ked leston , The Right Hon . Earl,

1 , CarltonHouse Terrace , S .W.

Cutting,Lady Sybi l

,c/o the Ear l o f Desart, 2, Rutland Gardens , S .W.

Dalton,Rev. Cano n John Neale , C.M.G 4

, The C loisters ,Windsor.Damp ier, Gerald Robert, Esq .

,Debra Dun , Ind ia.

Danish Royal Nava l Library (Det Konge lige Banske S¢kaartArch iv ), Copenhagen .

Darw in ,Major Leonard, 1ate R.E . President 1 2, Egerto n P lace , S .W.

Davis,Hon . N icholas Darnell, Royal Co lon ia l Institute , Northumber

land Avenue , W.C .

De Bertodano , Baldomero Hyacinth, E sq. , Cowbridge House, Malmesbury,Wilts.

Delb anco , D.,E sq . , 9 , Minc ing Lane , E C.

Detroit Pub l ic Li b rary,Mich igan

,U.S .A.

Dijon University L ibrary , Rue Monge , Dijon , Cé te d’

Or,France .

Dresden Geographi cal So c iety (Verein fiir Erdkunde ), Kl eine Brudergasso21 1 1

,Dresden .

Dubl in , Trin ity Col lege L ibrary .

Dunn , J H .,Esq .

,Coombe Cottage

,K ingston H il l

, S .W.

Eames, James Bromley, E sq. , M .A . ,B . C. L, ,10.King

's BenchWalk ,Temp le,E.C.

Eco l e Franga ise d’

Extré m e Orient,Sai gon

,Indo-Chi ne Franga ise .

Edge -Partington,James , E sq . , c/o The Keeper of the Department of British

and Med iae val Antiqu ities, British Museum ,W.C .

Ed inburgh Pub l ic L ibrary,Geo rge IV . Bridge

,Ed inbu rgh .

Ed inbu rgh Un iversity L ibrary . Edinburgh .

Edward s,Francis

,Esq .

,83

,H igh Street , Marylebone , W.

Enoch Pratt Free L ibrary , Baltimo re, Md . . U . S .A .

1910 Fairbrother,ColonelW. T. , C.B. , Indian Army, Bare illy , N .P. , Ind ia .

191 1 Faye ],The Most Noble the Marqu is de , Lisbon .

1899 Fellowes Athenaeum , 46, Mil lmont S treet Boston , Mass . , U . S .A.

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11 899

118471899

1892

.1 899

X XX

Hervey, Dud ley Francis Am eliu s,E sq .

,1Vestfields, Aldeburgh ,

Suffolk .

Hiersem ann,Herr Kar l Wi lhelm

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Hippisley, Al fred Edward , E sq .

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Hold ich , Colonel S ir Thom as H ungerford, C.B., RE .

41, Co urtfie ldRoad , S.W.

Hoover,Herbert C larke , Esq .

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,Hom tou Stre et, 1{ensingt0n ,W.

Hom er,S ir John Franc is Fortescue

,Mel ls Park

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Hoyt Publ ic L ibrary,East Saginaw

,Mich .

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Hubbard,H . M.

,Esq . , H6, The Al bany , P iccad il ly , W.

H ii ge l , Baron Anatole A. A . von,Curator

,Museum of Archaeology and

E thnol ogy , Cam bridge.Hu ll Publ ic L ibraries , Baker S treet, Hul l .

Im Thurn , S ir Everard, C.B. , 39, Lexham Gardens, W.

India Offi ce , Downing S treet, S .W. [20COP IES . ]Ingle, Wi lham Bruncker

,Esq .

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Inner Temple , Hon . Society of the , Templ e , E C.

Ireland,Prof. A ll eyne , St. Botolph Clu b , 2, Newbury Street, Boston ,

Mass. , U.S .A.

Jackson,S tewart Douglas, E sq .

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James,Arthu r Curtiss

,Esq . , 92 Park Avenue, New York C ity , U .S .A .

Jam es,

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Norm an , N_. W. James Lumber CO .,Baltimore, Maryland , U . S .A.

James,Walter B. ,

E sq . ,M .D . ,

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Johannesb urg P ubl ic L ibrary , Johannesb urg , South Africa.John Carter Brown L ibrary , 3 5 7, Benefit S treet, Prov idence, Rhode Island ,

U .S .A.

John Ry lands L ibrary, Deansgate , Manchester .J ohns Hopk ins Un iversity, Baltimore , Md . ,

U.S.A.

Johnson,W. Morton

,Esq . , Woodleigh , A ltrincham

Jones,L . O. , Esq .

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Kansas University Library , Lawrence, Kane ,U .S .A .

Keltie,John Scott

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Secreta ry 1,Savi le Row , Burl ington

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Kesteven, C. H. , Esq .

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Kiel,Royal University o f

, Kiel , Sch lesw ig-Holstein .

Kimberley Pub l ic L ibrary,Kimberley , Cape Colony .

K ind b erg,Herrn Captain J P.

,Gdteb org , Sweden .

Ki nder,C laude W il l iam , Esq . , Kelvin , Avondale Road, Fleet, Han ts.

King’s Inns

,The Hon . Soc iety of the , Henrietta Street, Dubl in .

1 899 Kitch ing, John , Esq .,Oaklands , Q ueen ’s Road , Kingston H il l, S .W.

1899 Klincksieck,M. Charles

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1 910 Kon inkl ijk Institu ut vo o r de Taa l Land en Vo lkenkunde van NederlandschInd ie . The Hague .

Langton, J . J . P. , Esq ., 802, Spruce S treet , St. Lou is, Mo.

, U. S . A.

Larchmont Yacht C lub,Larchmont

,N .Y . ,

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Leeds L ib rary,1 8 , Commerc ia l S treet, Leeds .

Leh igh University,South Beth lehem

, Pa .,U .S .A .

Leipzig , Library of the University of Le ipzig .Levy , Judah , Esq .

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L incoln,Arthur

,Esq 7 , Nassau Street , New York City

,U .S .A.

Lindsay -Smith , Fred . A lex ., Esq .

,J .P.

,18 , Sussex P lace , Regent’s Park .

Liverpool Free Pub l ic L ibrary , W il l iam Brown Street, Liverpool .Liverpool Geograph ical Soc iety , 14, Hargreaves Bu i ld ings , Chapel ' Street,L iverpool .

L iverpool, University of L iverpool .

Loescher,Messrs . J .

,and CO .

, Co rso Umberto I ° , 307, Rome .Logan

,Wil liam

,Esq . , Heath eryhaugh , Mo fi

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at,D am friessh ire .

Lo ndon Institution,1 1 , Finsbury Circus , E.C .

London L ibrary,1 2

,St. J ames ’s Square

, S .W.

Long Island H istorical Society , Pierrepont S treet, Brooklyn , N .Y U .S .A .

Los Angeles Publ ic Library , Los Angeles , Cal . , U . S .A .

Lowrey , Jo seph , E sq . , The Hermitage , Loughton , Essex .

Lucas,S ir Charles Prestwood , C .B .

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Lucas , FredericWm .,Esq .

,21

, Surrey Street , Strand ,W.C.

Lydenb erg , H . M. ,Esq .

,New Yo rk Publ ic Library

,Fifth Avenue and Forty

second Street,New Yo rk C ity , U .S .A .

Lyons University L ibrary , Lyon , France .Lyttleton -Annesley

,Lieut. -General S ir Arthur Lyttel ton , Temp l e

mere, Oatlands Park , Weybridge .

Mcc ulloch , H . A.,Esq .

,Arequ ipa

,Peru

MacDo nald, H E . The Right Hon . S 1r Claude M.

,

Bmtish Embassy,Tok io , Japan .

Macrae,Charles Colin , Esq . , 93 , Onsl ow Gardens, S .W.

Maggs Brothers , Messrs . , 109 , Strand , W.C.

Malvern Publ ic L ibrary,Graham Road

,Great Malvern .

Manchester Pub l ic Free Lib raries , King Street, Man chester .Manierre , George , E sq .

,I 12W, Adams S treet , Ch icago , I l l . , U .S .A .

Markham, Adm ira l S ir A lbert Hastings . 6

,Marble Arch, W.

Markham,S ir C lements Robert

,21

,Eccleston Square , S .W.

Vi ce-Pfresidcnt) .Marquand

,Henry

,E sq Wh iteg ates Farm ,

Bedford, New York , U . S .A,

Marsden . T. LL, Esq .,Prestbury

,near Ma cc lesfie ld.

Martel li,ErnestWynne

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Massachusetts H istorical Soc iety,1 1 5 4, Boylston S treet, Boston , Mass . , U .S .A .

Mass ie,Majo r Roger Heury , R.A . ,

Rangoon .

Maudslay,Alfred Perc ival

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McClurg , Messrs . A. C ., CO .

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McKay, J Albert, Esq. 421,Wood S treet

,Pittsbu rgh

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Merr iman , J A., Esq . , Standard Bank of South Africa, Durban .

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M ichigan,University o f, Ann Arbor, Mich , U.S .A.

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,610, South Fifth Avenue, Mt. Vernon , New York .

M i l ls , Colonel Dud ley Ac land , R. E ., Droaks

,Beaul ieu

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Milwaukee Publ ic Library,M ilwaukee

,Wisconsin

,U.S .A .

Minneapol is Athenaeum,M inneapolis

,M inn .

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Minnesota H isto rical Soc iety , St. Paul, M innesota, U. S.A .

Mitchel l L ibrary, 21 , Mil ler S treet, G lasgow.

Mitchell,A l fred

,Esq .

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Mombasa. C lub, Mombasa, East Africa .Mon son

,The Right Hon . Lord

,Burton Hal l

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Moreno,Dr . Franc isco J .

,La Plata Museum

,La P lata

, Arg entlne Republ ic .Morris

,Hen ry Cecil Low

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M .D . ,Goth ic Cottage , Bognor, Sussex.

Morrison , George Ernest, Esq. , M .D . ,Tim es Correspondent

,c/o H .E.M.

Legation,Pek ing.

Morrison,R. E.

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,Partickhill

,G lasgow.

Morrisson,Jam es W.

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200-206, Randolph S treet, Ch icago, I l l . , U. S .A.

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Moxon,A l fred Edward , E sq . , c/o Mrs . Gough, The Lodge, Souldern , near

Banbury .

Mukho padhyay , The Hon . Dr. Asuto sh,M .A .

,LL .D .

, 77, Russe. Road No rth,Bhowan ipore , Calcutta.

Mun ich Royal Library (Kg l . Ho f u . S taats-Bibl io thek ), Mun ich , Germany .

Nathan , Lt.-Col . S ir Matthew

, RE 3 6,St. George ’s Court

,

Glo ucester Road , S . \V.

Naval and Military C lub , 94, P iccad i l ly , W.

N ebraska University L ibrary , L incoln , Neb raska , U . S . A .

Netherlands,Royal Geographi cal Soc iety of the (Koninklijk Nederlandsch

Aardrijksku ndig Geno otsch ap) , S ingel 421 , Am sterdam .

Netherlands , Royal Library of the , The Hague.Newberry L ibrary

,The , Ch icago, I ll . , U . S.A .

Newcastle-upon-Tyne Literary and Phi losoph ical Soc iety,Westgate Road

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Newcastle o n -Tyne .Newcastle-upon -Tyne Publ ic Library , New Bridge S treet, Newcastl e-on-Tyne.New Lo ndon Pub l ic L i b rary, Conn .

, U .S .A.

New South Wales, Publ ic Library o f, Sydney, N .S .W.

New Yo rk Athl etic Cl ub , Central Park , South , New Yo rk C ity, U.S

New Yo rk Pub l ic Library , 40, Lafayette P lace, New Yo rk City , U.S .

New Yo rk State L ibrary , Albany , New York , U .S .A .

New Yo rk Yacht C lub , 3 7 West 44 S treet, New Yo rk City, U .S .A.

New Zealand,The H igh Commissioner for

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,Victoria. S treet, S .W.

Nijh off, Martinus, The Hague , Hol land.

North Adam s Pub l ic Library , Massachusetts, U.S .A.

Northclifi’

e,The Right Hon . Lord . E lmwood , St. Peter’s, Thanet.

Nottingharn Pub l ic L ibrary , Sherwood Street, Nottingham .

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1898 Omaha Publ ic L ibrary, 1 9th and Harney Streets, Omaha, Neb raska , U .S .A.

1890 Orienta l C lub, 18 , Hanover Square , W.

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R io de Jane im , Arch ivo Pub l ico Nac ional , Sa da Republ ica , No . 26.

Rockh i ll , HE . the H011 . Wi l l iam Woodvi l le, United S tates Ambassador,

St. Petersbu rg,Russ ia .

Rodd , H . E. The Right Hon . S ir James Rennell,

O.H.,

British Embassy,Rome .

Rbhrsche id and Ebbe cke,Herrn , Am Hof , 28 , Bonn , Germany.

Rotterdam sch Le e skab inet,Rotterdam .

Royal Anthropologica l Institute,5 0

,Great Russel l S treet

,W.C.

Roya l Artil lery Institution,Woolw ich .

Royal Co lon ia l Institute, Northumberland Avenue, \V.C.

Royal Cru is ing C lub, 40, Chan cery Lane, W.C.

Royal Engineers’ Institute,Chatham .

Royal Geograph ical Soc iety,1 , Savile Row , Burl ington Gardens , W.

Royal Scottish Geographical Society,Synod Hall

,Castle Terrace

,Ed inburgh .

Royal Soc ieties C lub , 63 , St. J ames’s S treet , S .W.

Royal United Service Institution,Wh itehall

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Runciman , The Right Hon . Walter,M.P. ,

Doxford,Chathi l l

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Ruxton , Cap tain Upton Fitz Herbert. L itt le Drove House, S ingleton , Sussex .

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St. Andrews University , St. Andrews .St. De inio l

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s Library , Hawarden , Fl intsh ire , N . Wa l es .St. Job u ’s

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St. Lo u is Mercantil e Library , St. Lou is , Mo . , U .S .A .

St. Martin ’s-in -the-Fields Free Pub l ic Library,1 1 5

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St. Petersburg University L ibrary , St. Petersburg .

St. Wlad im ir Un ivers ity,K iew

,Russ ia .

Sa ise,Walter

,E sq .

,D .so .

,M. Inst . C .B .

,S tapleton

,Bristol .

San Francisco P ub l ic Library , San Franc isco, Cal . , U .S .A .

Sanborn,Geo . P.

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, 37-3 9 , L iberty S treet , New York , U . S .A.

Sc later,Dr . Wil l iam Lu t ley

,Odiham Pr iory

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Seattl e Pub l ic L ibrary,Seattle , Wash ington, U .S .A .

Sel igmann,Charles Gab riel

,E sq . , M. E.

,3 6

,Finch l ey Road

,N .VV.

Seymour,Adm ira l of the Fleet the Right Hon S ir Edward Hobart

,

O.M.,

LL .D ., Q ueen Anne

’s Mansm ns, St. James’s Park,S .W.

Sheffield Free Pub l ic L ib raries , Surrey Street, Sheffi eld.

S ignet L ib rary , 11 , Parl iament Square , Ed inburgh .

S inc lair , Mrs . W i l l iam Frederic, 102, Cheyne Walk , Chelsea, S .W.

Sk imm ing , E . H . B .

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Frith Knowl,E l stree .

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Smithers,F. Oldershaw ,

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So c ieté Geografica I tal iana , V ia del Plebisc ito 102, Rome .Soc ié té de Gé ograph ie , Bou l evard St. Germain , 1 84, Par is .Solomon

,Hon . E . P. ,

Minister of Pub l ic Works , Pretoria, Transvaal .South Afr ican Pub l ic L ibrary

, Q ueen Victoria. Street, Cape Town , South Africa.Speight

,Ernest Edw in , Esq .

,S lemdal

,Christiania .

S tan ton,John

,Esq . , H igh Street, Chorley, Lancashire .

S tephens,Henry Charles

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S tevens,Son , and St iles , Messrs . Henry, 3 9, Great Russel l Street, W.C.

S tockholm,Royal Library of (Ku ngl ; Bib l ioteket) , Sweden .

18471899

18471899

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191 1

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X XXV

Stockton Pub l ic L ibrary , Stock ton , Cal . , U. S .A .

Storer,A lbert H . , E sq . , Ridgefield, Ct.

,U.S .A .

Strachey,Lady

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S trassburg,Ka iser] . Universit'

ats u . Landesbib l iothek .

Suarez,Colonel Don Pedro (Bo l iv ian Legat ion ) , Santa. Cruz , 74, Com payne

Gardens,N.V

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Sull ivan,John Cotter

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Swan,J . I ) . O. ,

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Sydney,University o f, New Sou th Wales .

Sykes,Majo r Percy Molesworth , Q ueen ’s Bays , H .M.

’

s Con su l Generalfor Khora san , Meshed , vid Berlin and Askhabad , Transc aspia , Russ ia .

Symon,The Hon . S ir Jos iah , K.C. , G lad stone Chambers , Adelaide.

Tangye,Richard Trev ithick Gi lb ertstone

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’s Bench Walk,

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Telek i,Count Paul

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,nr.W0rceste1' .

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Thomson,Colonel Charles FitzGera ld

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Todd,Command er George James

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Toronto Pub l ic L ibrary,To ronto, Ont.

,Canada .

Toronto Un iversity , Toron to , Ont. , Canada .

Tower,S ir Reginald

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Travel lers’ Club , 106, Pa l l Mal l , S .W.

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Trinder,O l iver Jones

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Trin ity College,Cambridge .

Trin ity House , The Ho u . Corporation o f,Tower H il l . E C .

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,New York

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Tweedy,Arthur H .

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Un ited States Congress,Library o f

,Wa sh ington , D . C .

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United States Nationa l Museum (Library o f ), Wa sh ington,D .C .

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Un ited States Naval Academy L ibrary,Annapol is , Md .

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University of London,South Kensington , S .W.

Upsala. University Library , Upsala , Sweden .

Van Norden, Theodore Langdon , Esq . , 22, West 5 9th S treet , New Yo rk City ,

U . S .A .

Van Ortroy,Professor P.

,Université de Gand,

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Vernon,Ro land Venables

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.

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Victoria , Publ ic Library, Museums, and National Gal lery o f,Melbourne

,

Austral ia .

Vienna Imperial Library (K. K. Hof -Bib l iothek ) , V ienna .V ienna

,K. K. Geograph ische Gese l lschaft

,Wollzei le 3 3

,V ienna.

1887 Vignaud,Henry , Esq .

,LL .D . ,

2,Rue de la Ma ir ie

,Bagneux (Se ine), France .

1909 Vi l l iers,J A . J de

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,British Museum (Secreta ry) .

Wagner, H errn H . , and E . Debes, Geograph ische Anstal t , Bruderstrasse 23 ,Leipzig .

\Va ite, C . B . , Esq . ,

San Juan de Letran 3,Mexico, D.F.

War Oth ee , Mob i l isation and Intell igence L ibrary , Wh iteha l l , S .W.

Warren,W i l l iam R. , E sq . , 5 , Nassau Street, New Yo rk City , U . S .A .

Wash ington,Department of S tate

,D .C . , U . S .A .

Wash ington , Library of Navy Department, Wash ington , D.C. , U . S .A .

Watanabe, Ch iharu , Esq .,4,Sh im otakanawam achi , Shib aku , Tokyo , Japan .

Watk inson Library,Hartford

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