A word or phrase that names a person, place, thing, quality, or act

Common nouns are the names of things in general, such as cat, dog, road, city, skirt, colour etc.

A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place or thing, such as Kate, Billy, Manchester, Thames, Rover etc. All proper nouns start with a capital letter.

A collective noun is the name given to a group of things, for example a flock of birds or a herd of cows.

A compound noun is made up of more than one word.

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An abstract noun is something you can't see, hear, touch or taste. These can be emotions (happiness, grief) or states (peace, quiet) for example.

A concrete noun is an object that is recognized by the senses

Are words used to take the place of a noun or another pronoun

Ex. Wanda likes chocolate. She likes chocolate. David, Ed, & Jules are going. They are going

I, me my, you, he, him, she, her, it, we us, they

used to demonstrate or point out specific persons, places, things, or ideas

This, that, these and those

are all demonstrative pronouns.

Ex. This is his book. These are Diane’s shoes.

Are used to ask questions

Who, whom, whose, which, what

Ex. Who is your friend? Which one of your friends

needs a ride?

Used to introduce clauses

Who, whom whose, which, what, that

Ex. The merchants, who are eager for sales, shout to customers.

We had meatloaf, which makes me sick, for dinner.

are formed by adding –self or –selves to personal pronouns

Are the objects of the verb in the sentence

Ex Wendy treats herself to a massage every Friday.

The kids gave themselves a pat on the back for accomplishing their goals

Refers back to the subject of the sentence

Ex. The bakers themselves like to sample their goods.

David himself changed the flat tire.

He tried to paint the house himself.

Refer to people, places, things, and ideas in a general way

anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone,

everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone,

something

both, few, many, several

all, any, most, none, some

VERBS

Words that show action or state of being

KINDS OF VERBSAction Verbs

The player ran across the field and caught the ball.

Linking Verbs

This is my coat. The children are adorable.

Auxiliary or Helping Verbs

He is running from the rain.

She was sleeping on the couch.

Are used to modify or describe nouns, pronouns

Ex. Her dress was very colorful. It was an enjoyable vacation.

are proper nouns used to modify or describe

Jamaica was formerly a British colony. American cars are dependable.

The words a, an, and the are articles and classified as adjectives.

Indefinite articles – an & a

Definite articles - the

Modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs

They answer the questions When? Adverb of time Where? Adverb of place How? Adverb of manner To what extent? Adverb of degree

Answers the question WHEN about the verb

Examples

They went to the doctor yesterday. went when? ---------------yesterday

I woke up early on Sunday morning. woke up when? ------------early

Answers the question WHERE about the verb

Examples

She ran downstairs to answer the door.

ran where ----------- downstairs

Mitch was driving north on Monroe Street.

driving where --------------- north

Answers the question HOW about the verb

Janice quickly ate her lunch so she could make up a test.

ate how ---------------- quickly

Tyler angrily hit the wall with his fist.

hit how ------------------ angrily

Answers the question to what degree about verb, adjectives, adverbs

Examples Jennifer was very happy about the

dance. happy to what degree

Mark very carefully turned the corner. carefully to what degree

Most words that end in “ly” are adverbs

Show relationships between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence

Examples

Mary put the bag on the table.

The letter was from the IRS.

ABOUT ABOVE ACROSS AFTERAGAINST ALONG AMONG AROUNDAS AT BEFORE BEHINDBELOW BENEATH BESIDE BETWEENBEYOND BUT BY DESPITEDOWN DURING EXCEPT FORFROM IN INSIDE INTOLIKE NEAR OF OFFON ONTO OUT OUTSIDEOVER PAST SINCE THROUGHTHROUGHOUT TO TOWARD UNDER UNTIL UP UPON WITHWITHIN

COMPOUND PREPOSITIONS – made of more than one word

according to by means ofin place of on account ofaside from in addition toin spite of out ofBecause of in front ofPrior to

Connects words or groups of words

Three kinds of Conjunctions

1.Coordinating Conjunctions2.Correlative Conjunctions3.Subordination Conjunctions

And but for nor or so yet

Work in pairs to join words and groups of words

Both…………..and Whether………or Not only………but also Neither ………nor Either ………..orExample Both the puppy and the kitten

were asleep on the mat.

Introduce subordinating clauses (clauses that cannot stand alone as sentences) and joins them to independent clauses.

After although as though even thoughAs as if before so thatSince unless when in order thatWhile whereasExampleWhile Danny was asleep, the dog ate his

sandwich.

Words or phrases that show feeling and emotion

Examples

Stop! You’re making too much noise.

Uh- oh, here comes the hall monitor.