Post on 08-Jan-2018
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Monarchs of Europe
King Henry IV Was a Huguenot, but converted to Catholicism for his
country. Edict of Nantes- Gave France freedom of religion Improved the taxation system so that nobles paid
more
France
Longest reign in French history- 72 years
Believed in the “divine right of kings”◦ Absolute monarch
Big changes◦ Builds Palace in Versailles◦ Edict of Fountainbleau
Louis XIV -”Sun King” 1643-1715
Built Versailles
Versailles- the grounds
Hall of Mirrors
Versailles-the Grand Ceiling
Appointed by Louis XIV to promote economic development in France
He accomplished: Supported an idea of Mercantilism He increased the size of the army and the navy Promoted colonization in America and Canada and
Africa
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
Ivan the Terrible The first to be named Czar Had absolute power Ruthless leader Built St. Basils Cathedral
Russia
St. Basils Cathedral
Giant “absolute monarch”◦ Disguised himself as a citizen
and traveled Europe looking for allies and learning western ways
“Westernized” Russia French clothing Women more rights Men had to shave off their beards Used some French in language
Peter the Great 1682-1725
Modernized the army Built St. Petersburg and made it the capital Encouraged manufacturing and trade Wanted a port on the Baltic Sea because
Russia was landlocked
Peter the Great cont.
Catherine the Great
Had nobles kill her husband so she could be the sole leader
Supported the arts, literature, sciences etc… Extended serfdom Wide gap between the rich and the poor Great foreign policy
War with the Ottoman Turks= Black Sea port Added 200,000 square miles to Russia Mongolia-fur Siberia-natural resources Colonized Alaska
Catherine the Great cont.
Maria Theresa Pragmatic Sanction allowed Maria Theresa to take
over Austria after her father, The Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI died.
Had a patchwork kingdom with different languages, religions and cultures. This caused many conflicts in Austria
It was difficult to rule
Austria
Created a unified Prussia Followed in Louis XIV’s footsteps and had a
lavish court
Frederick I
Ended the lavishness of Frederick I Made Prussia stronger Doubled the size of the army Militaristic society Effective government Encouraged trade Made Primary education mandatory
(kindergarten)
Frederick William I
Frederick William I
He was more into the arts and his father was afraid he would not be a good leader. Frederick II tried to escape Prussia with a friend and his father caught them and executed his friend.
Was a stronger ruler than his father Expanded territoryand the prestige of Prussia
Frederick the Great (Frederick II)
Almost all of Europe was involved. It started with a dispute between Frederick
William I and Maria Theresa and Silesia◦ War of Austrian Succession-1740-1748◦ Diplomatic Revolution: France sides with Austria
and Russia. Britain sides with Prussia
7 Years’ War WWI.0
In America an extension of the war continued◦ French and Indian War-Washington’s mistake
Tanacharison at Jumonville Treaty of Paris 1763 ends it
◦ Silesia is given to Prussia◦ Britain gains French claims in Canada and Ohio
River Valley
7 Years War cont.
Because:◦ Treasuries were drained◦ Death – loss of population◦ Countries had to rebuild their infrastructures and
militaries
Peace for many years…
King Henry VII King Henry VIII Edward VI- 6 years Mary I
◦ Wanted to return England to the Catholic faith◦ Married King Phillip II of Spain◦ Ruthless◦ Burned at least 300 people at the stake for not
converting to Catholicism◦ “Bloody Mary”
England- House of Tudor
Bloody Mary
Became Queen after Mary I dies◦ Strengthens Protestantism
Non Anglicans had to pay fines to practice other religions
◦ Executed Mary Queen of Scots for plotting with Spain to kill Elizabeth
◦ Defeats the Spanish Armada-1588◦ Managed Parliament skillfully◦ Freedom of Speech◦ Never married and had no heir when she died
Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
Protestant A Stuart and not a Tudor Lacked common sense in financial matters and
diplomacy The “wisest fool in Christendom” Believed in the “divine right of Kings” Alliance with Spain broke down and they went to war Had no luck working with the Parliament
So he sold titles to nobles Granted rights to nobles Raised trade duties All for money
James I
King James Version of the Bible
Charles I becomes king England has a revolution
Will be continued…
After James I…