Post on 31-Dec-2015
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Hydrogen bomb, 1952
Sputnik, 1957 Gagarin, 1961Oppenheimer, 1945
Polaris, 1960
U2 spy plane, 1960
starter activity
Why did the Why did the Cuban Missile Cuban Missile Crisis occur?Crisis occur?
To identify the causes of the To identify the causes of the Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis
To assess Kennedy’s options To assess Kennedy’s options
Aims
Your taskYour task
Read p.105-107 and make a list of Read p.105-107 and make a list of the reasons why tensions increased the reasons why tensions increased over Cuba in the late 1950s and over Cuba in the late 1950s and early 1960s.early 1960s.
Captured soldiers after Bay of Pigs, 1961
Growing tensionsGrowing tensions Revolution in Cuba led Revolution in Cuba led
by Fidel Castro & Che by Fidel Castro & Che Guevara threatened Guevara threatened US influence over the US influence over the islandisland
Nationalism – Castro Nationalism – Castro wanted to assert the wanted to assert the sovereignty of Cubasovereignty of Cuba
Business – US Business – US businesses were seizedbusinesses were seized
Communism – Castro Communism – Castro converted to converted to Communism in 1961Communism in 1961
Che Guevara & Fidel Castro
Growing tensionsGrowing tensions
Political embarrassments - Bay of Political embarrassments - Bay of Pigs Incident (1961)Pigs Incident (1961)
USSR involvement – trading partner USSR involvement – trading partner & weapons supplier to Cuba, U2 spy & weapons supplier to Cuba, U2 spy planes spotted missile bases on planes spotted missile bases on islandisland
ThreatsThreats
Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Latin Monroe Doctrine (1823) – Latin America was part of US sphere of America was part of US sphere of influence and outside European influence and outside European interventionintervention
Russian missiles of Cuba were within Russian missiles of Cuba were within reach of US mainland & nearly all reach of US mainland & nearly all major cities, including Washington & major cities, including Washington & New YorkNew York
Vienna Summit Berlin Wall
Bay of Pigs
All the above events happened in 1961. How might they have shaped Kennedy’s reaction to the CMC?
Khrushchev’s motiveKhrushchev’s motive
Expand Communism worldwideExpand Communism worldwide Cuba could be a useful trading partnerCuba could be a useful trading partner Test Kennedy –new president fresh from Test Kennedy –new president fresh from
Vienna Summit, Berlin and Bay of PigsVienna Summit, Berlin and Bay of Pigs To gain upper hand in the arms race – To gain upper hand in the arms race –
close missile gap, reduce likelihood of a close missile gap, reduce likelihood of a US ‘1US ‘1stst strike’ strike’
To trap USA – draw Kennedy into a To trap USA – draw Kennedy into a nuclear war (didn’t hide weapons)nuclear war (didn’t hide weapons)
Read source E – why do you think McNamara (Defence Secretary) thought Cuba was primarily a domestic problem?
Role play taskRole play task
Work in groups. You are advisers to Work in groups. You are advisers to the President. You have to reduce the President. You have to reduce the five options to just two for the the five options to just two for the President to choose between. When President to choose between. When you have made your decision explain you have made your decision explain why you have rejected the three you why you have rejected the three you have.have.
HomeworkHomework
Read about the Read about the events of the events of the Cuban Missile Cuban Missile Crisis in Phillips, Crisis in Phillips, p.106-110 and p.106-110 and create a timeline create a timeline of the events in of the events in your notes.your notes.
ExtensionExtension
Watch ‘13 Days’ (or read Robert Watch ‘13 Days’ (or read Robert Kennedy’s book of the same title) Kennedy’s book of the same title) and assess how accurate the and assess how accurate the treatment of events is.treatment of events is.
Read Gaddis, p.75-8 and Isaacs, Read Gaddis, p.75-8 and Isaacs, p.204-230 and supplement your p.204-230 and supplement your notes.notes.