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An Introduction to RWSN and Self Supply

Sally Sutton,

Consultant for UNICEF and RWSN

A global knowledge network for rural water supply

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Partners • UNICEF,• WSP/World Bank,• WaterAid, • SKAT

Switzerland.

Ex-HTN

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What are we looking for in Africa?

MDG and present trends in Africa

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1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

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RWSN Funded studies

Self Supply • Mali, Uganda , Zambia

Low cost drilling. • Ethiopia, Niger, Madagascar,

Mozambique?• Africa-wide potential – and

reconnaissance level Self Supply potential in Sierra Leone, Liberia.

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ACCRA FORUM

5th RWSN Forum 2006 – GhanaScaling up Local Entrepreneurship in Rural

Water Supply to meet the MDGs

Date : 27th - 30th November 2006Venue: Royal Palm Hotel, Accra,

Ghana • Around 200 participants from Africa, Asia and

Europe.• Field visits prior to main forum 24-26th

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• To encourage stakeholders to consider alternative approaches to rural water supply

• To build on the research undertaken through RWSN, as well as experiences from other organisations and communities,

• To provide a platform for extensive dialogue and demonstration (50% of programme)

• To provide feedback to the RWSN core team regarding future focus and linkages for the network.

OBJECTIVES

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MDG

CONVENTIONALCOMMUNAL SUPPLIES

Communal ownership/ management70-90% Donor fundedHigh standard high cost, technical solutionsLarge scale private contractingPublic sector marketing

Lower capital // recurrent cost More small scale private sector involvement/ investmentWider options on technology, finance and management Incremental progressHousehold /community choice with government support/advicePublic/ private sector marketing

MDG shortfall of 30-60%, low long-term sustainability esp. for small communities

+Sustainability even for smaller/ scattered communities

CEB Cost -effective

boreholesSELF

SUPPLY

SUPPLY CHAINS Sustainable hand-

pumps

RWSN THEMES

EXISTING RWS STRATEGY

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Self supply sustainability

• Technologies are as far as possible replicable • Phased and affordable improvements in supply, with

minimum design standards• Local entrepreneurs provide safe water supplies and

easier water-lifting devices and promote low-cost options.

• Linkage is made to economic and nutritional benefits, increasing the perceived value of water supply.

• Ownership and management are maintained within naturally developed groups and empowered to make choices and solve problems mainly at own cost.

• An enabling policy environment, combined with low cost and high proportion of private investment, allows rapid advance for large numbers of people,.

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Where are we starting from?

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Mali 48% domestic wells used for productive purposes, 85% of these are privately owned.

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REPLICABLE SUSTAINABLE

RAINWATER HARVESTING AND WATER TREATMENT

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Willingness to invest

Payment for well excavation in Kaoma district (US $ per family well)not including own labour

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<50 50-100 100-150 150-200 200-250 250-300 >300

US dollars paid

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Kahare

Namilangi

Nkeyema

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Water quality-gross contamination?

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Faecal coliform/100ml

Water quality in different source types

Traditional wells Mali(119)Traditional wells Zambia(392)Scoopholes Zambia (418)

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Country Numbers using traditional wells

Approximate proportion owned at household level

Proportion of functioning handpumps

Nigeria 23 million+ 45% 50%

DR Congo 16 million+ 40%

Mozambique 6 million+ 31% 65%

Uganda 6 million+ 15% 70%

Mali 5 million+ 65% 65%

Rare cases or potential?

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LINKS TO PRODUCTIVE USE

Positive Negative

Sustainability/ Affordability

Pressure to over-use supply

Sustainability/ value Exclusion?

Water quality improvement with increased turnover

Returning leachates from cultivation

Increased promotion/ market for technologies

Promotion of good nutrition and irrigation practice

Linkage to support networks of health and agriculture

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COMMON GROUND WITH PRODWAT

• Promotion of family level investment• Development of /support to low cost technologies

(spares, maintenance services, stocks, manufacture)

• Improved knowledge of resources• Promoting the linkage of domestic supplies and

livelihoods.• Aiming for several MDGs

So how could we link up better?