1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

transcript

Change and development of Japan

Content Focus

Meiji Period

[1868-1912]

Taisho Period

[ 1912-1926]

Showa Period

[1926-1989 ]

Overview of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the 20th century

Early 20th CenturyEarly 20th Century

• Political conditions

• Social conditions

• Economic conditions

• Cultural conditions

Meiji ConstitutionRise of political parties, e.g. Seiyukai (政友會 ) & Minseito (民政黨 )Rise of ultra-nationalist activitiesHow democratic?

Political ConditionsPolitical Conditions

1. Democratic Development1. Democratic Development

2. Foreign Relations2. Foreign Relations

1900-01: Eight-Power Expedition1902: Anglo-Japanese Alliance1904-05: Russo-Japanese War1914-18: WWI1921-22: Washington Conference1924-27 & 29-31: Shidehara Diplomacy1931: Shenyang Incident

Relations:

• friendly? peaceful? hostile?

• change and continuity

Relations:

• friendly? peaceful? hostile?

• change and continuity

1. Westernized? Traditional?1. Westernized? Traditional?

Westernized:

• Social equality

• Western style of living: e.g. food, clothing, ceremony, western movies,

Traditional:

•Food, e.g. Sushi, Sashimi

•Religious ceremonies

•Kimono

Westernized:

• Social equality

Traditional:

•Kimono

Social Conditions

1. Westernized? Traditional?1. Westernized? Traditional?

Westernized:

• Social equality

Traditional:

•Kimono (和服 )

Westernized:

• Social equality

Traditional:

•Kimono (和服 )

Social Conditions

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw8yI2giR14http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw8yI2giR14

2. Prosperity? Poverty?2. Prosperity? Poverty?

Urbanization

Widening gap between the urban and rural areas

Urbanization

Widening gap between the urban and rural areas

3. High degree of freedom?

Basic human rights under the Meiji Constitution

Many labour organizations & movements

1920: New Women’s Association

Extent of the freedom?

Basic human rights under the Meiji Constitution

Many labour organizations & movements

1920: New Women’s Association

Extent of the freedom?

The women's

class of the Iwate

Teachers' School.,

1. Economic prosperity? Rapid industrialization & strong influence of Zaibatsu

A Match Factory in Late Taisho

Economic ConditionsEconomic Conditions

Yasuda (安田 )

Mitsubishi (三菱 )

Mitsui (三井 ) Sumitomo (住友 )

2. Economic Ups and Downs

Economic boom: Economic bust: • 1923: Great

Tokyo Earthquake

• 1927: Bank Crisis• 1929: Great

Depression

2. Economic Ups and Downs

Economic boom: Economic bust: • 1923: Great

Tokyo Earthquake

• 1927: Bank Crisis• 1929: Great

Depression

1. Western Culture? Traditional Culture?1. Western Culture? Traditional Culture?

-Western and Japanese movies, drama

-Shintoism (state religion), Confucianism, Ukiyo-e (浮世澮 )

-Western and Japanese movies, drama

-Shintoism (state religion), Confucianism, Ukiyo-e (浮世澮 )

Cultural ConditionsCultural Conditions

Characteristics: Pseudo-democracy Bi-polarisation Co-existence of westernization and tradition Race between freedom and power/authority Alternation of amity and hostility

Rise of MilitarismRise of Militarism

Factors for the Rise of Militarism & its Impact

1. Militaristic Tradition1. Militaristic Tradition

Factors of the Rise of MilitarismFactors of the Rise of Militarism

2.Weaknesses of the Party Government2.Weaknesses of the Party Government

Corruption of the PartiesLack of Mass SupportEconomic Crises

3. Rise of domestic needs

A Japanese poster promoting emigration to Korea and Manchuria in the 1930s

A Japanese poster recruiting youngsters to join the army to invade ManchuriaA Japanese poster recruiting youngsters to join the army to invade Manchuria

4. Inglorious Foreign Policy 4. Inglorious Foreign Policy

Japan in Washington ConferenceJapan in Washington Conference

Japan in London Naval Conference of 1930Japan in London Naval Conference of 1930

5. Rise of Extreme Nationalistic Ideas

6. Western Discrimination

7. International Circumstances

• Reasons for the Rise of Militarism• Reasons for the Rise of Militarism

Militaristic TraditionWeaknesses of the Party GovernmentWestern discrimination against Japan

Inglorious Foreign Policy Growing domestic needs

Rise of Extreme Nationalistic IdeasInternational Situation

•Relations between conditions in the early period and the rise of militarism

•Relative importance?

Characteristics of militarism:• Emphasis on the use of force• Stress on absolute loyalty and obedience• Promotion of foreign expansion• Pan-Asianism• Anti-communism

Impact on Japan’s Relations with other countries

Impact of the Rise of MilitarismImpact of the Rise of Militarism

Foreign Expansion

Just this one?

Rise of extreme nationalistsMilitaristic associationsPolitical instabilityCollapse of the party government

Impact on Japan’s domestic development

Political Control of the militaristsSuppressive livelihood

Impact on Japan’s domestic development

1. Economic Reconstruction (1945 – 1952)2. Economic Boom (1955 – 70)3. Period of Transformation(1971 - 79)4. Economic Slowdown(1980 onwards)

Factors for Postwar Economic Growth

Stages of the Postwar Economic Growth Stages of the Postwar Economic Growth

Hiroshima after WWIIHiroshima after WWIINagasaki after WWIINagasaki after WWII

Postwar Economic Situation

百年物語 disk2百年物語 disk2

• Reasons for each period???

• Common Factors???

• Reasons for each period???

• Common Factors???

• Common Factors • Common Factors

Role of the US: SCAP & Post-SCAP Policies Active Role of the Japanese Government National Characters of the JapaneseFavourable International Circumstances

Importance? Relative Importance?Importance? Relative Importance?

Economic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recovery

Open-air shopping street in 1945 Open-air shopping street in 1945

Economic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recoveryEconomic recovery

Jusco in the 1970s.Jusco in the 1970s.

A shopping street in 1955A shopping street in 1955

• Political Relations

• Economic Relations

• Cultural Relations

Relations with Other Asian Countries

• Chronological approach• Chronological approach

1950s1960s1970s1980s and after

•Problem: confined to political and economic aspects •Problem: confined to political and economic aspects

Thematic approach

Political: improving relations with Asian countries

•Change and continuity?? Change and continuity??

•Relations with Other Asian Countries

Obstacles:• Denials of Aggression• Official visits to Yasukuni Shrine• Denials to Asian people's Quest for War

Compensation• Territorial Disputes with China

Obstacles:• Denials of Aggression• Official visits to Yasukuni Shrine• Denials to Asian people's Quest for War

Compensation• Territorial Disputes with China

Economic: From limited economic contact to strengthening economic relations with Asian countries

Thematic approach

Cultural: increasing cultural influences of Japan in Asian countries

Thematic approach

Change and development of Japan: Highlights

• What are the characteristics of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the early 20th century Japan?

• What economic problems did Japan face? What attempts did the government make to solve them?

• Was Japan a liberal country in the early 20th century?

• What are the characteristics of the political, social, economic and cultural conditions in the early 20th century Japan?

• What economic problems did Japan face? What attempts did the government make to solve them?

• Was Japan a liberal country in the early 20th century?

Change and development of Japan: Highlights

1. Change and development of Japan 2 Content Focus.

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