Post on 25-Nov-2018
transcript
HIGH-DENSITY INCREMENTAL EXPANSIONUN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM TRAINING SESSION 2012
SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP IN URBAN SETTLEMENT |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
1
A special thanks to PRO SAMIM + SUHAB + Gutierrez + Govt + IADB + Concremat + ULBRA + PROFE SSOR REINHARD GOETHERT + MIT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING
USER-INITIATED INCREMENTAL EXPANSIONMANAUS | AMAZONAS | BRAZIL
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
MANAUSCURRENT POPULATION: 1.8 MILLIONANNUAL GROWTH RATE: 4%INFORMAL POPULATION: 40,000
URBAN RESETTLEMENTISSUES AND RESPONSE
PROSAMIM: THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM FOR THE IGARAPES IN MANAUS THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE IS to help solve the environ-mental, planning, and social problems affecting the Manaus residents living in the Educandos-Quarenta watershed.
2006 TO PRESENT: 10,000 FAMILIES RELOCATED FROM PALAFITAS. THE PROGRAM DEVELOPED TWO HIGH-DENSITY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD).
LANDSLIDE STENCH DISEASE FLOOD
MICRO-LEVEL ISSUES
$ $
REAL ESTATEDEPRECIATION
$
HIGH USE OF TAX
DOLLARS ON PALAFITA RELIEF
INSUFFICIENT INFRA-
STRUCTURE
LACK OF GOVERNMENT HOUSING FOR
SWOLLEN POPULATIONS
MACRO-LEVEL ISSUES
FIG1;2; - PALAFITAS: INFORMAL FLOATING URBAN SETTLEMENTS INSIDE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OF MANAUS
2
PROSAMIMHOUSING
$TO LEAVE
$TO RENT
$ TO BUY
GOVERNMENT HOUSINGPROSAMIMIDB
OPTIONS
PROSAMIMTYPOLOGYS
1
1 2
1 2
1 2
3
PALAFITAS
<5 -
>5 -
-
1
2
3
TYPOLOGY
1PAST
TYPOLOGY
2PRESENT
TYPOLOGY
3FUTURE
SUHAB
HEALTH SOCIALSANITATION
ENVIRONMENT
RESETTLEMENT
Renters
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
OPERATIONAL DIAGRAMIDB + PROSAMIM MANAUS BRAZIL
RESETLEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGRAMMANAUS BRAZIL PUBLIC HOUSING
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
3
TYPOLOGY
1TYPOLOGY
2
RESETLEMENT PROGRAMHOUSING TYPOLOGIES
TYPOLOGY II6 Family UnitSingle Level Units46 square meters per unitLoad Bearing Masonry Structure
TYPOLOGY I 3 Family UnitGround Floor Single Family2nd and 3rd Floor Duplex54 square meters per unitLoad Bearing Masonry Structure
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
Ground floor First floor Second floor Standard floor plan
4
USER-INITIATED INCREMENTAL EXPANSIONHOUSING TYPOLOGY I SETLEMENT TYPOLOGY I
SETLEMENT TYPOLOGY II
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
TYPES OF EXPANSION: 62% Home-base Enterprise26% Living Space10% Storage
* red indicated observed locations incremental expansion
* red indicated observed locations incremental expansion
TYPES OF EXPANSION: 38% Home-base Enterprise41% Living Space21% Storage
Parque Igarape Manaus
64% of buildings display incremental additions
5
HOUSING TYPOLOGY II
Parque Gilberto Mestrinho
38% of buildings display incremental additions
STORAGE SPACESEXPANSION OPPORTUNITIES
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
PROSAMIM IITYPOLOGY II- 77% Ground Floor, 7% 1st Floor, 16% 2nd Floor
PROSAMIM ITYPOLOGY I - 38% Ground Floor, 28% 1st Floor, 24% 2nd Floor
MATERIALSRoof: Corrugated metal Walls: Welded metal bars, Concrete, corrugated metalFloor: Ceramics, Concrete
USEEquipment storageComercial storageResidential storage
AREARange between 3 to 16 sqmSecured space
MATERIALS Walls: Welded metal barsFloor: Ceramics, Concrete
USE Equipment storageComercial storageResidential storage
AREARange between 1 to 4 sqmMix secured and unsecured
6
LIVING SPACESEXPANSION OPPORTUNITIES
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
PROSAMIM IITYPOLOGY II- 77% Ground Floor, 14% 1st Floor, 7% 2nd Floor
MATERIALSRoof: Corrugated metal Walls: Welded metal bars, Concrete, corrugated metalFloor: Ceramics, Concrete
USELeisure / SocializingPrivate Garden / SolariumClothes WashingOutdoor Play Space
AREARange between 5 to 25 sqm
MATERIALSRoof: FabricWalls: Welded metal bars Floor: Ceramics, Concrete
USE Leisure / SocializingPrivate Garden / SolariumClothes WashingOutdoor Play Space
AREARange between 3 to 15 sqm
PROSAMIM ITYPOLOGY I - 42% Ground Floor, 34% 1st Floor, 24% 2nd Floor
7
HOME-BASED ENTERPRISESEXPANSION OPPORTUNITIES
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
PROSAMIM IITYPOLOGY II- 92% Ground Floor, 5% 1st Floor, 3% 2nd Floor
PROSAMIM ITYPOLOGY I- 63% Ground Floor, 29% 1st Floor, 18% 2nd Floor
MATERIALSRoof: Corrugated metal Walls: Welded metal bars, Concrete, corrugated metalFloor: Ceramics, Concrete
USE Grocery / Fresh VegetablesRestaurant / BarsHairdresser / Nails / MassageEntertainment
AREARange between 3 to 25 sqm
MATERIALSNo added materials
USEGrocery / Fresh VegetablesRestaurant / BarsHairdresser / Nails / MassageEntertainment
AREARange between 0 and 6 sqm
8
DEMAND FOR INCOME GENERATION DESIGN CONCLUSIONS
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
9
DESIGN EXERCISEDESIGNING FOR TRANSFORMATION: HOW CAN THESE ELEMENTS SUPPORT INCREMENTAL PROJECTS?
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
SERVICESSTRUCTUREFOUNDATION
CONSIDER THE DESIGN ELEMENTS ABOVE. HOW WOULD YOU DESIGN A 3-STORY 3-FAMILY INCREMENTALLYEXPANDABLE BUILDING USING A BASE SIZE OF 60 SQUARE METERS PER FAMILY?
WHAT ELEMENTS SHOULD BE PROVIDED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND WHAT ELEMENTS COULD BE INCREMENTALYADDED BY THE FUTURES USERS?
INTERIOR WALLS INTERIOR FINISHEXT.FINISH
10
11
INFILL
INCREMENTAL DESIGN PROCESSPARAMETERS
3-STORY VERTCAL STACKLIMITED OPPORTUNITY FOREXPANSION
ROTATION / SHIFTCREATION OF PORCHES AND OVERHANGS
INFILLEXTERIOR SPACES AREINCREMENTALLYINFILLED OVER TIME TO CREATE ADDITIONAL SPACE
VERTICAL EXPANSIONPOSSIBILITY FOR VERTICAL EXPANSION OVER TIME
HORIZONTAL EXPANSION
WHAT SHOULD THE SIZE BE?DETERMINE FOR YOUR CONTEXT THE MINIMUMMAXIMUM SIZE APPRORRIATEPER FAMILY / UNIT
WHAT IS ESSENTIAL?WHAT ELEMENTS OF THEPLAN NEEDS TO BE THEREFROM DAY 1 OF OCCUPANCYAND WHAT CAN BE LEFT FOREXPANSION?
WHAT SUPPORT IS ESSENTIAL?VERTICAL AND HORIZONTALCIRCULATION, LOCATE STAIRSACCESS,UTILITIES, DAYLIGHTINGAND NATIONAL VENTHILATION.
SUPPORTING GROWTH?HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT INCREMENTAL GROWTH?CONTRACTOR CONSULTING, MATERIAL SUBSIDY, TRAINING.
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
FORM : INCOME GENERATION :
PLAN :
20 sqm 20 sqm60 sqm
EXPANSION SPACE
SINGLE LEVELSINGLE FAMILY
3 LEVELMULTI-FAMILY
TOILETSHOWERKITCHENLAUNDRYSLEEPING
DININGSOCIALBEDROOMSETC.
SERV
ICES
CIRC
ULA
TIO
N
STRUCTURAL TYPE?LOAD BEARING WALL VSINDEPENDANT STRUCTURE WITH INFILL PANELS. BOTH OFFER STRATEGIES AT LIMITINGAND ENHANCING EXTENSION.
HOW TO REDUCE COST?BY UTILIZING AN INDEPENDANTSTRUCTURE THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO REMOVE NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND ACCEPT USER MATERIALS
POTENTIAL FOR HYBRID?BY CROSS BREEDING TWOOR MORE TYPES OF STRUCTURE YOU CAN BETTER ARTICULATE RESPONSES OVER TIME
STRUCTURE :
INFILL INFILL
CORE
$ FOR RENT $
HORIZONTAL EXPANSIONEXPANSION SPACE OFTEN BECOMES A COMMERCIALSPACE FOR THE FAMILY TO OFFER LOCAL GOODS AND CREATE INCOME
CORE
UTI
LITY
$ COMMERICAL $
HOW CAN WE AFFORD CENTER CITY LAND?BY AGGREGATING IN MULTI-STORYYOU CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF LANDNEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE SAME DENSITIES.
IS UTILITY PLANNING IMPORTANT?BY DESIGNING FOR CONSOLIDATIONOF UTILITY YOU CAN REDUCE INITIAL COST AS WELL AS MAINTENANCE, MONITORING ANDUPGRADING OVER TIME.
MULTI-STORY VENTILATION?AN ADVANTAGE OF MULTI-STORYHOUSING IS THE ABILITY TO INTEGRATE VERTICAL SHAFTS FOR“STACK EFFECT” NATURALVENTILATION
LAND VALUE / SCARCITY :
UTILITIES :
OFTEN THE FIRST ADDITIONS ARERENTAL UNITS AND PROVIDEINCOME FOR FAMILES TO SUPPORT FUTURE GROWTH
vs
SERVICE CORE
HYBRID STRUCTURE
FOUNDATION
INT.FINISH
EXT.FINISH
INFILL WALLS
35% OF TOTAL COST
15% OF TOTAL COST15% OF TOTAL COST
5% OF TOTAL COST
10% OF TOTAL COST 20% OF TOTAL COSTH
“Core” structure is masonry load bearing to prevent alteration to core utilities. Extension areas are designed with a structural frame to accept future infill.
Shared exterior elements such as roofing, safety railing, stairs, etc to be provided initially to ensure code compliance, safety and performance
Structure provided as a “shell” to be upgraded and customized by the individual user which is critical in creating identity, pride and ownership
By seperating the structure and the wall assembly this design allows for individualized solutions to be upgraded over time and the acceptance of a wide variety of finish materials (brick, concrete, glazing, ceramics, wood, advanced materials, etc)
Foundation depth variation based on different loading conditions of heavier load bearing masonry vs lighter structural infill system in anticipation of future expansion
Consolidated verticaldistribution of all services (plumbing, electrical, natural ventilation ,etc). Controlled access provided at each level for future maintenance, monitoring and upgrading.
DESIGN PROTOTYPE I: 3 FAMILY MULTI-STORY HOUSING - 80% GOVERNMENT COST / 20% USER COST
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM
12
13MULTI-STORY INCREMENTAL PROPOSALMANAUS PROTOTYPE : HOW COULD THIS BE ADAPTED TO YOUR COUNTRY???
SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM