PARALL

EL STR

UCTURE

CH

AP

TER

10,

P190- 1

94

PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES

My English conversation

class is made up of

Chinese, Spaniards, and

Bosnian students.

• What kind of list can you see in this sentence?

• What is the word form that is being repeated?

PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES

My English conversation

class is made up of

Chinese, Spanish, and

Bosnian students.

Now this sentence follows the

rule of parallelism.

PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES

The students who do well

attend class, they do

their homework, and

practice speaking in

English.• What kind of list can you see in this sentence?

• What is the word form that is being repeated?

PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES

The teacher wanted to

know which country we

came from and our

future goals.

• What kind of list can you see in this sentence?

• What is the word form that is being repeated?

PARALLEL STRUCTURE IN SENTENCES

The language skills of

the students in the

evening classes are the

same as the day

classes.• What kind of list can you see in this sentence?

• What is the word form that is being repeated?

PARALLELISM WITH COORDINATORS

Words, phrases and clauses joined with and, or, and but must follow parallelism.

• Study the examples on p.192. • Identify the repeating structures,

(are they present tense verbs? adverbs? etc.)

PARALLELISM WITH CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS

In paired conjunctions, use parallel forms.

• Study the examples on p.192. • What are the word pairs?• Identify the repeating

structures.

PARALL

EL STR

UCTURE

PR

AC

TI C

E

Parallel structure means using the same grammatical forms in a sentence.

WEDNESDAY

1 OCTO

BER 2014

SENTENCE P

ROBLEMS

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

Sentence fragments are incomplete sentences.

Problem 1

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

A complete sentence must

include at least ONE independent

clause.

Rememb

er

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

Because some students work part-time while

taking a full load of class.

SENTENCE FRAGMENTS

• Add an independent clause.• Delete the subordinator.• Complete the clause with a

missing subject or verb.

Solutions1

CHOPPY SENTENCES

Choppy sentences are too short. There are usually several choppy sentences in a row.

Problem 2

CHOPPY SENTENCES

Wind is an enduring source of power. Water is also an unlimited energy

sourc. Dams produce hydraulic power. They

have existed for a long time. Windmills are

relatively new.

CHOPPY SENTENCES

Combine two or three sentences to make a compound or complex sentence.

Solution 2

RUN-ON SENTENCES

A run-on sentence is a sentence with two or more independent clauses that have no punctuation.

Problem 3a

RUN-ON SENTENCES

My family went to Australia then they

emigrated to Canada.

COMMA SPLICES

A comma splice is a sentence with two or more independent clauses that are joined together with a comma.

Problem 3b

COMMA SPLICES

My family went to Australia, then they

emigrated to Canada.

RUN-ON SENTENCES & COMMA SPLICES

• Add a period.• Add a semicolon.• Add a coordinator.• Add a subordinator.

Solution 3

STRINGY SENTENCES

A stringy sentence has too many clauses, which are usually connected with and, but, so, and sometimes because.

Problem 4

STRINGY SENTENCES

Many students attend classes all morning, and then they have to work all afternoon, and they

also have to study at night, so they are usally

exhausted by the weekend.

STRINGY SENTENCES

• Divide the sentence.• Recombine the clauses, and

add subordinators.

Solution 4