Post on 27-Mar-2015
transcript
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Wideband Simulation Results
European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation
AGCFG #3 & ACP WG-C#11AGCFG #3 & ACP WG-C#11
Lommaert Luc DAS/CSM Lommaert Luc DAS/CSM 18-19 September, Brussels18-19 September, Brussels
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Overview
1.1. Cellular Coms Capacity estimation for aviationCellular Coms Capacity estimation for aviation2.2. Scenario Scenario definitiondefinition for modelling CDMA2000 & UMTS for modelling CDMA2000 & UMTS3.3. Agilent - Wideband Simulations Agilent - Wideband Simulations GENERIC SIMULATOR GENERIC SIMULATOR4.4. Roke Manor / Siemens - Wideband Simulations Roke Manor / Siemens - Wideband Simulations SAAM SAAM
DATA DATA 5.5. ConclusionsConclusions
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CELLULAR CAPACITY : FREQUENCY RE-USE
POWER
FREQ.
CDMA
F1F2
F3F4
F5F6
F7F1 F1
F1F1
POWER
FREQ.
TDMA
TIME
GSM CLUSTER SIZE=7 CDMA CLUSTER SIZE=1
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Cellular Capacity - Interference Considerations
Propagation losses makeSignals decay with 4th - 5th order due to Rayleigh Fading ( buildings-trees..)
AVIATION LEADS TO 3D SITUATIONINTERFERENCE
3th TIER
2nd TIER
1st TIER
Propagation losses makeSignals decay with 2nd orderDue to Line of Sight adjacentcell INTERFERENCE will increase
Saved by Radio Horizon
Isc
Ioc
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Verification of compatibility of modelling tools
Define a scenario for modellingDefine a scenario for modelling
Implement the scenario on the Siemens and Agilent tool, Implement the scenario on the Siemens and Agilent tool, generate resultsgenerate results
Compare the results from the two modelling exercises and Compare the results from the two modelling exercises and justify any disparitiesjustify any disparities
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Common Modelling Parameters
Parameter Value Number of Rings of Interfering Cells 3 Cell Radius 100 km Minimum Aircraft Altitude 20,000 ft Maximum Aircraft Altitude 40,000 ft Activity Factor 30% Service Bit Rate 9600 bps Spread Bandwidth 1.2288 MHz Required Eb/No 4.7 dB Base Station Receiver Noise Figure 8 dB Base Station Antenna Gain 0 dB RF Frequency 1300 MHz Orthogonality Factor 1 Mean Aircraft / Cell Various Maximum Noise Rise 10 dB Maximum Cell Loading (Equiv 10 dB Noise Rise) 90% Maximum Transmit Power 33 dBm
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Direct Comparison of Results
Agilent Model includes extra-cell interferenceAgilent Model includes extra-cell interference
Conclusion drawn is that Roke and Agilent Methodologies are essentially the same and lead to comparable resultsConclusion drawn is that Roke and Agilent Methodologies are essentially the same and lead to comparable results
1%
10%
100%
40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60
Mean No of Users
Fai
lure
Rat
e
Roke Failure Rate
Agilent Failure Rate
At 2% Blocking, Mean No of Users
Roke = 46.8,
Agilent = 43.0
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Agilent’s Generic Capacity Simulator
Standard ideal POLE capacity equations
Adapted for:
• keep-alive channels
• activity factor
• orthogonality factor
• other-cell interference
Forward link capacity
Reverse link capacity
Erlang capacity calculation (through Monte Carlo simulation)
Bottleneck
STATIC
STATISTICUsers Random allocatedUniform distributed
Single cell , Infinite Power
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Simulation results Air interface specific parameters
CDMA2000CDMA2000 WCDMAWCDMA
Spreading rateSpreading rate 1.2288 Mcps1.2288 Mcps 3.84 Mcps3.84 Mcps
User traffic data rateUser traffic data rate 9.6 Kbps9.6 Kbps 12.2 Kbps12.2 Kbps
PGPG 128128 314.75314.75
FL keep-alive to total BS Tx powerFL keep-alive to total BS Tx power -7 dB-7 dB -7 dB-7 dB
FL Eb/No targetFL Eb/No target 4.5 dB4.5 dB 7.4 dB7.4 dB
RL keep-alive to user traffic powerRL keep-alive to user traffic power -3.75 dB-3.75 dB -2.69 dB-2.69 dB
RL Eb/No target mean value ( no Ant. Div)RL Eb/No target mean value ( no Ant. Div) 6 dB6 dB 8.3 dB8.3 dB
RL Eb/No target standard deviationRL Eb/No target standard deviation 0.5 dB0.5 dB 0.5 dB0.5 dB
Values based on: 3GPP2 C.S0010 (BS) and C.S0011 (MS)
3GPP 25.104 (BS) and 25.101 (MS)
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Simulation results :Ideal STATIC capacity
Cell rangeCell rangeRelative other-cell Relative other-cell interference factorinterference factor
CDMA2000 RLCDMA2000 RLMobile usersMobile users
CDMA2000 FLCDMA2000 FLMobile usersMobile users
≈ ≈ 50 km50 km 1.9631.963 21.821.8 63.063.0
≈ ≈ 100 km100 km 1.2211.221 28.728.7 98.498.4
≈ ≈ 150 km150 km 0.8530.853 34.334.3 136.4136.4
Note:
• STATIC capacity : rough & optimistic estimation
• The FL capacity is 3 to 4 times larger than the RL capacity
• Larger cells see less interference from neighboring cells → more users
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Final Simulation results Reverse link Erlang capacity
Cell size impact
CDMA2000 9,6 kbps
1,00E-04
1,00E-03
1,00E-02
1,00E-01
1,00E+00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
average number of users per cell
blo
ckin
g r
ate
cell range = 50 km
cell range = 100 km
cell range = 150 km
Eb/No = 6 dBCPICH/TCH=-3,75dB
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Simulation results Reverse link Erlang capacity
Antenna diversity impact
WCDMA RL 12.2 kbps with and without antenna diversity
1,00E-04
1,00E-03
1,00E-02
1,00E-01
1,00E+00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
average number of users/cell
blo
ckin
g r
ate
without BS antenna diversity
with BS antenna diversity
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CDMA2000 9.6 kbps with RMR optimized system parameters (Eb/No, R-PICH/TCH )
Reverse link Erlang capacity
30 35 40 45 50 55 6010
-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
Average number of mobile stations per cell
Blo
ckin
g ra
te
CDMA reverse link capacity simulation
Simulation ID: CDMA2000_9.6_kbps_4
noise rise = 10.0 dB
noise rise = 15.0 dBnoise rise = 20.0 dB
noise rise = inf dB
System parameters
BS separation = 155.885 kmBS antenna heigth = 20 mMin MS alt = 0 mMax MS alt = 13716 mPropagation loss power law = 2Orthogonality factor = 0.9Max MS Tx power = 2 WattMS antenna gain = 0 dBBS antenna gain = 0 dBBS noise figure = 8 dBCarrier frequency = 1300.000000 MHzSpreading bandwidth = 1.228800 MHzTraffic1 data rate = 9.600 kbpsTraffic2 to traffic1 power ratio = -1000 dBKeep-alive to traffic1 power ratio = -7 dBTraffic channel activity factor = 0.1Average Eb/No = 4.7 dBEb/No standard deviation = 0 dB
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Roke Manor / Siemens – Wideband Simulations
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Simulation Methodology
TrafficScenarioDefinition
COCRAnalysis
SAAM DataProcessing
SimulationDeployment
DefinitionSimulations
Analysis ofResults
Radio SystemParameterDerivation
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LSAZMP4 Service Volume
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‘Wraparound’
A
B
C
D
a
a
a
a'a'
a'
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Total Number of Aircraft
Total Number of Aircraft in the Simulation Area(Area: Switzerland)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Time (in minutes)
Tota
l Num
ber
of A
ircra
ft in
the
Sim
ulat
ion
Are
a
2020
2025
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Max Number of Aircraft in anyBS Sector
Maximum Number of Aircraft in any Sector(Area: Switzerland)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Time (in minutes)
Max
imum
Num
ber
of A
ircrf
atin
any
Sec
tor
2020
2025
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cdma2000 Simulation Parameters
cdma2000 Release Ccdma2000 Release C Radio Configuration 1, Spreading Rate 1 (1.2288 Mcps)Radio Configuration 1, Spreading Rate 1 (1.2288 Mcps) Four Quasi-Orthogonal Codes with equal BS PowerFour Quasi-Orthogonal Codes with equal BS Power Max BS Tx Power = 43 dBm, Pilot Power 20%. Max 20% Power/userMax BS Tx Power = 43 dBm, Pilot Power 20%. Max 20% Power/user Max Aircraft Tx Power = 33 dBmMax Aircraft Tx Power = 33 dBm
Assumptions: Two Antenna Base Station Diversity, 0.2% FER, 1dB Implementation LossAssumptions: Two Antenna Base Station Diversity, 0.2% FER, 1dB Implementation Loss
CDMA 2000
Required Signal
9.6 kbps 1.2 kbps
Eb/No (dB) Eb/No (dB)C/I (dB) C/I (dB)
Basestation Receiver
Aircraft Receiver
4.7
4.7
-16.4
-16.4
4.7 -25.4
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Simulations Results + Future work
COCR COCR 9,6 kbps 10% activity 9,6 kbps 10% activity Reverse Link Limited (as expected)Reverse Link Limited (as expected) Switzerland scenario presents the ‘greatest challenge’Switzerland scenario presents the ‘greatest challenge’
Higher number of aircraftHigher number of aircraft Second cdma2000 carrier was required in this scenario Second cdma2000 carrier was required in this scenario
Total Bandwidth Required 2025Total Bandwidth Required 2025 cdma2000 – 2 (carriers) x 2 (duplex) x 1.25 MHz = 5 MHzcdma2000 – 2 (carriers) x 2 (duplex) x 1.25 MHz = 5 MHz UMTS – 1 (carrier) x 2 (duplex) x 5 MHz = 10 MHzUMTS – 1 (carrier) x 2 (duplex) x 5 MHz = 10 MHz
ALL SIMULATIONS DONE ON GREEN FIELD SPECTRUMALL SIMULATIONS DONE ON GREEN FIELD SPECTRUM
L-band Interference study :L-band Interference study : methodology methodology M.1639/1477M.1639/1477
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CONCLUSIONS
Large capacity improvementsLarge capacity improvements Eb/No targetEb/No target Keep-alive channel power fractionKeep-alive channel power fraction SectorisationSectorisation
Both standards forsee in system parameters adaptationBoth standards forsee in system parameters adaptation Support of all QoS (Conv, Stream, Interactive, Background) Support of all QoS (Conv, Stream, Interactive, Background) Support of multiple coders/decoders (Viterbi, Turbo)Support of multiple coders/decoders (Viterbi, Turbo) Support of multiple frame sizes ( 10,20,40,80ms)Support of multiple frame sizes ( 10,20,40,80ms)
Use Packetdata channel i.s.o dedicated traffic channelsUse Packetdata channel i.s.o dedicated traffic channels COCR requirements met with FDD 2 x 5 MHz UMTS or 2 x COCR requirements met with FDD 2 x 5 MHz UMTS or 2 x
1,25MHz CDMA20001,25MHz CDMA2000
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Thank You …