20141023 Edanz Kyushu Agriculture Session 1

transcript

Andrew Jackson, PhD

Senior Editor

Kyushu University Department of Agriculture

Session 1 – Effective Presentations

Kyushu University

23 October 2014

About Andrew …

Introductions

Name: What are you studying: What do you want to do: Where do you want to go:

Groups…

Team A Mitsudome Takumi

Khansawanh Sisopha Arif Hamed

Sie Thu Minn Truong Tuan Linh

(Eiko Megan Uchida)

Team B Vila Laokom

Ayumi Koyanagi Thi Mar Win

Katsuto Shimizu Vo Hong Tu

Seminar series

October 23 Effective presentations

October 30 Reviewing the literature

November 6 Academic publishing

November 13 Research and publication ethics

November 20 Effective writing

November 27 Manuscript structure

December 4 Communicating with journals

December 8 Peer review and revisions

Today’s presentation

October 23 Effective presentations

October 30 Reviewing the literature

November 6 Academic publishing

November 13 Research and publication ethics

November 20 Effective writing

November 27 Manuscript structure

December 4 Communicating with journals

December 8 Peer review and revisions

Importance of presenting

Section 1

Customer Service Presenting your work When to present?

• Business • Sales • Training • Teaching

• Lab meeting • Conferences • Seminars • Journal Club

General Academic

Customer Service Presenting your work Why do you want to present?

What are your goals?

Your goal should be to share your ideas with others

In research you want to share your work with others in your field

• Publish articles • Poster presentations • Oral presentations

Meetings/ conferences

Customer Service Presenting your work

Comparing written documents and presentations

Flow of information

Not limited Readers can take

their time

Limited Limited attention

No control Readers can skip

sections

Control Audience has to

listen to everything

Written Presentation

Customer Service Presenting your work Lab meetings

Content will be different from meetings/conferences

Share your work with colleagues

Get help/advice

Plan future experiments

Academic

Lab meetings – Getting feedback

Helps you to improve your experiments and results

Helps you retain focus

Encourage discussion with questions Do not rush through your slides, give your

colleagues time to think

Lab meetings – what to present

Background information

Successful experiments

Difficult experiments

Failed experiments

Future directions

“Why didn’t it work?” “It didn’t work.”

Customer Service Presenting your work Conferences & seminars

Get new ideas

Network, build collaborations

Academic Share your work with your community

Customer Service Presenting your work Identify problems early

Unclear aims Methodological

problems

Unclear figures Missing data

Unclear relevance

Lack of interest

“Why is this important for the field?”

Lack of interest in your published article

Meetings & conferences – networking

Be friendly when presenting

Talk to others about their work

Join organized activities

Be friendly, but be professional

Customer Service Presenting your work Being a good attendee

At others’ presentations

During/after your presentation

• Talk directly to the researchers doing the experiments

• Are they familiar with your techniques?

• Are there any problems/gaps?

Customer Service Presenting your work Journal clubs

Stay up-to-date on published research

Learn to critically review research

Learn from your colleagues

Academic

Benefits

• Learn to identify good articles

• Learn to write better manuscripts

• Learn to discuss other’s research

• Prepare you to become an effective peer reviewer

Organization

• Group of 8–12 people with similar interests • Meet every 2–4 weeks • One person presents a recently published article

Objective: Critically review article

Appropriate study design/methods?

Scientifically relevant topic?

Logical interpretations?

Significant results?

Journal clubs

• In pairs choose an article to discuss

• Share the article with the class 1 week before the presentation

• Present the article

• Encourage/stimulate active discussion

Journal Club Schedule

October 23

October 30 Andrew Jackson (example)

November 6 Vila Laokom, Ayumi Koyanagi

November 13 Mitsudome Takumi, Khansawanh Sisopha

November 20 Thi Mar Win, Katsuto Shimizu

November 27 Arif Hamed, Sie Thu Minn

December 4 Vo Hong Tu, to be confirmed

December 8 Truong Tuan Linh, Eiko Megan Uchida

Poster presentations

Section 2

Coverage and Staffing Plan

Benefits of poster presentations

Gives you the opportunity to interact with other researchers in your field

Allows you to share pre-published results with your peers

Allows you to discuss one-on-one with other researchers about your study

• More interactive than oral presentations • Improve discussing your research in English • Help build international collaborations

Poster presentations Poster layout

Poster size and layout can change depending on the conference

Can be either landscape or portrait (usually A0)

Organize sections based on a grid layout

Organize in columns, not rows (easier to read in a crowd)

Put important information at eye level

Poster presentations Poster layout

Logo Short Descriptive Title of Your Research

Authors and Affiliations

Introduction

Acknowledgements

Results

Methods References

Discussion Results

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 3 Fig. 6

What’s wrong with this poster?

Title and Authors

Asymmetrical Not practical for reading Not aesthetic (pleasing to the eye)

Poster layout – Symmetry

Title and Authors

Asymmetry

Title and Authors

Horizontal symmetry

Title and Authors

Horizontal & vertical symmetry

Title and Authors

Diagonal symmetry

Poster presentations Poster formatting

Colors

• 2–3 colors maximum • Light background with dark letters

• Title: 85 pt • Authors: 50 pt • Headings: 36–44 pt • Text: 24–34 pt

• Read from 1.5 m • Use sans serif font

(Arial, Calibri)

Poster presentations Brief introduction

Why your work should be done

Current state of the field Identify knowledge gaps

State your objectives

Keep it short 2–3 paragraphs 200–300 words

Illustrations Use schematics or models to help

explain your hypothesis

Poster presentations General methodology

Briefly describe techniques in logical order

Don’t include specific details (e.g. what concentration buffer was used)

Use flow charts and illustrations for clarity

Poster presentations Results

Most of your poster

Large and clearly labeled figures

Figure legends Should explain technical details as

well as factually explain results

Image quality 300 vs 72 ppi CMYK vs RGB

Poster presentations Image quality

ppi (dpi): pixels per inch (dots per inch)

For printing, use 300 ppi

Most images are 72 ppi, so you need to change it to 300 ppi (e.g., Photoshop)

http://www.nature.com/nature/authors/gta/3c_Final_artwork.pdf

CMYK Colors used for printing

RGB → CMYK can be unclear

RGB Primary colors of light

Used in monitors

CMYK Colors used for printing

RGB → CMYK can be unclear

RGB Primary colors of light

Used in monitors

Check image quality (Photoshop, Ctrl+Y for CMYK preview)

Poster presentations Conclusions

Summarize important points

Use bullet points for emphasis

Illustrate your model with a schematic

Do not place too low on the poster

Additional tips

Export your poster as a PDF to ensure there are no formatting issues at the printer (make sure A0 size)

Print out A4-sized copies of your poster for distribution

Put your contact information on your poster

Prepare a 30-second speech to get people’s attention

Be able to present your poster in 3–5 min

Encourage discussion

• Ask them questions about their research • Pause between figures to give them time to ask questions

Poster exercise

Your colleague has prepared three different posters, but he is unsure which one is the best for presenting at a conference he is attending next month. Please review each of the three posters and give advice on how he can improve its readability.

Poster exercise – Poster 1

Too much text!

Introduction is too long

Methods should be

more graphic

Figure legends are too long

Figures are too small

Conclusions should be

bullet points, no model

No contact information

Font has low readability

Methods should be

more graphic

Figure legends are too short

bullet points

Unclear title

Figures are too large

No: • Methods • References • Acknowledgments • Contact info

bullet points, not placed at the bottom

Poster exercise

Clear title

Concise Introduction

Schematics

Graphical Methods

Large figures with clear

figure legends

Bullet point Conclusions with model

Contact info

Section 4

Preparing slides

Preparing slides Slide layout

• Sans serif (Arial, Calibri, etc.) • 40 pt for titles • 30+ pt for major points • 24+ pt for minor points

Layout • Limit 8 lines of text per slide • Use bullet points, not sentences • High contrast colors

Preparing slides Bullet points

Useful, better than plain text

Often best way to list information

But, can be boring Lose your audience attention

Bullet points can suggest hierarchy

One large block of text more difficult to read

Preparing slides Graphics

Bullet points

Can be boring for audience

Useful way to list information

May suggest hierarchy

Can be difficult to read

Preparing slides

Graphics

Contrasting colors, easy to read

Simple and organized

For information, not decoration

For pictures, use compressed images

Distracting

Lack of contrast = difficult to read

Graphics

Brazil

Russia

Preparing slides

Word Choice

Avoid jargon Simple and clear

Use words you can pronounce

Check speling and grammar

spelling

Preparing slides

Animation

Audience cannot read ahead

Focus the attention of your audience

Keep it simple: appear, fade, wipe

Do not distract from your information!

Keeping your audience’s attention

Preparing slides Telling a story

Beginning Introduction

Middle Methods/figures

End Conclusion

Preparing slides Beginning

Brief introduction

Background information

Aims of your study

Use pictures and diagrams

Preparing slides Example

• Lumenal structures (bile canaliculi, BC) between hepatocytes are difficult to maintain in vitro

• Sandwich culture configurations promote BC maturation

• Intracellular mechanisms unclear

AIM: Determine if intracellular tension promotes or maintains BC maturation in vitro

Actomyosin Activity

Preparing slides Middle of your presentation

Methods

Flow chart or schematic

Figures

Important results

Preparing slides Example

Seed primary rat hepatocytes (d1)

Collagen overlay (d2)

Treat cells with inhibitors (d3)

Fix cells (d4)

Confocal microscopy

Preparing slides Figures

Main limitation? Space!

Only choose most important data

Organize clearly

Preparing slides Selecting important data

Go et al. New Engl J Med. 2004;351:1296.

Characteristic Total Cohort (N=1,120,295)

≥ 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

(N=924,136)

< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2

(N=196,159)*

Age (yr) 52.2 ± 16.3 49.1 ± 15.1 66.6 ± 13.0

Female sex (%) 54.6 53.4 60.2

Ethnic group

White 50.9 47.2 68.6

Black 7.4 7.2 5.3

Hispanic 5.9 6.3 4.1

Asian 8.1 8.5 6.7

Mixed 2.4 2.4 2.8

Other 25.3 28.4 12.5

Medical history

Coronary heart disease

6.3 4.5 17.8

Stroke 2.6 1.7 8.3

Peripheral arterial disease

1.8 1.1 6.7

Chronic heart failure

2.1 1.0 19.8 * estimations

Necessary?

Important

Preparing slides Often graphs are better than tables

Go et al. New Engl J Med. 2014;351:1296.

Coronary heartdisease

Stroke Peripheralarterial disease

Chronic heartfailure

Healthy

Kidney disease

Preparing slides End of your presentation

Conclusions

Summary and implications

Future directions

How is this being further developed?

Activity

You and your colleagues are preparing a presentation. Please review the power point file that your friends have provided and make changes and suggestions for improvements.

Activity

Effectiveness of an Unmanned Aerial Survey of Fallen Trees in Eastern Japan Forest

Activity

Mitsudome Takumi, Khansawanh Sisopha, Arif Hamed, Sie Thu Minn

Inoue T, et al. (2014) PLoS ONE 9(10): e109881.

Introduction

Fallen trees are a key factor in biogeochemical cycling

Knowledge about the distribution fallen trees is useful to understand the nutrient and carbon cycling in forest ecosystems.

Why this study needed to be done

Ground based surveys are both time consuming and labor intensive…

Introduction

Knowing the distribution of fallen trees is useful to understand the nutrient and carbon cycling.

Ground based surveys are both time consuming and labor intensive.

photosynthesis

Sunlight

Aims of this study

….unmanned aerial vehicles offer a potential solution.

We aimed to photograph a forest using an unmanned aerial vehicles and compare the number of fallen trees detected in the images with that recorded on the ground to investigate the effectiveness of this technique.

Aims of this study

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Photographs

Ground survey

Number of fallen trees

Results

211 aerial photographs

Mosaic of photos

Methods

Unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a camera

Map of survey area

Results

Mosaic of photos

Activity

Effect of tree characteristics on identification

Ground-Surveryfallen trees

Visuallyidentifiedfallen trees

Maximum trunk width (m)

>10 5 to 10 0 to 5

Number ofground-Surveyedfallen trees

Number ofVisuallyIdentifiedfallen trees

Maximum trunk length (m)

Conclusions

• We show that unmanned aerial vehicles are highly effective for identifying fallen trees.

• This methods presents an attractive alternative to time consuming ground surveys.

• We experienced no problems with this method and believe it could be used directly for monitoring of the ecological condition of forests.

Conclusions

Effective for identifying: • longer fallen trees • larger trunk width

Smaller fallen trees could not be clearly identified

Advances in imaging technology, could make this an attractive alternative to time consuming ground surveys.

Summary

Implications

Presentation skills

Section 5

Presentation skills Before you present…

Most important thing you can do…

Practice

Practice Learn your presentation,

don’t read it Don’t memorize,

these are your ideas

Practice alone and with others, record yourself

Practice builds confidence!

Presentation skills Getting ready

Arrive early, everything working?

Have backup copies of your presentation (USB, Dropbox)

Take a deep breath and relax

Presentation skills Presentation tips – appear confident

Non-verbal

Use hand gestures

Make eye contact Always face

your audience

Smile!

Stand upright

Don’t be stiff, move naturally

Presentation skills Presentation tips – Speaking style

Verbal

Avoid filler words (“eeto”)

Pause for emphasis

Speak slowly

Show enthusiasm

Vary tone and pitch

Don’t talk to the screen

Presentation skills Handling questions –

Understand the question

Could you hear it clearly?

Do you understand the question?

Is the question appropriate for the audience?

Could the audience hear it clearly?

What do they want to know?

What is the most relevant question?

Presentation skills Answering questions

1. Understand the question

2. Clarify the question (if necessary)

3. Thank the audience member

4. Answer the question (be concise!)

5. Ensure you have answered the question

6. Thank the audience member again

Steps to answering questions

Presentation skills Handling questions –

Difficult questions

Unsure of the answer

You don’t know the answer

Unrelated questions

You are the expert, answer with confidence

Be honest, but give your expert opinion

Politely address the question

Presentation skills Additional tips – time management

Stay within your time limit

Use a clock, watch, or mobile phone

Rushing and skipping slides make you look unorganized

Practice often and keep track of each section

Presentation skills Additional tips

“B” key makes the screen black

“W” key makes the screen white

Hold the laser pointer against your body to prevent shaking

Remember, you are having a conversation with your audience

Presentation skills

Activity

Mitsudome Takumi, Khansawanh Sisopha, Arif Hamed, Sie Thu Minn

Introduction

Knowing the distribution of fallen trees is useful to understand the nutrient and carbon cycling.

Ground based surveys are both time consuming and labor intensive.

photosynthesis

Sunlight

Aims of this study

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

Photographs

Ground survey

Number of fallen trees

Methods

Unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a camera

Map of survey area

Results

Mosaic of photos

Ground-Surveryfallen trees

Visuallyidentifiedfallen trees

Maximum trunk width (m)

>10 5 to 10 0 to 5

Number ofground-Surveyedfallen trees

Number ofVisuallyIdentifiedfallen trees

Maximum trunk length (m)

Conclusions

Effective for identifying: • longer fallen trees • larger trunk width

Smaller fallen trees could not be clearly identified

Advances in imaging technology, could make this an attractive alternative to time consuming ground surveys.

Summary

Implications

Assignment (on Manaba)

Homework

Journal club Read the attached article: “Transgene Environment Interactions in

Genetically Modified Wheat” for next week

Thank you!

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Andrew Jackson: ajackson@edanzgroup.com

20141023 Edanz Kyushu Agriculture Session 1

Education