3 5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 12.3 95% 91% 82% 80% 78% 75% 73% 71% 69% 62% 60% 75%

transcript

359101011111111121314141518181819

95%91%82%80%80%78%78%78%78%75%73%71%71%69%62%62%62%60%75%

• 1. (p. 544-547) In arguing for their policies, the new American expansionists of the late 1800s offered all of the following economic and social reasons except a. the United States would soon need to find new sources for the natural resources that it was rapidly using upb. the United States needed to acquire new overseas markets for its productsC. the United States needed to find new sources of immigrants who would work in its factories for low wagesd. the United States needed an aggressive foreign policy to take people's minds off internal problems and frustrationse. the United States needed to expand due to the "closing of the frontier."

• 3. (p. 549-553) In the 1890s, Spain and the United States gradually moved toward war over Cuba for all of the following reasons except a. a change in U.S. tariff policy hurt the Cuban economy and made the Cuban people ready for revoltb. when the Cuban revolt broke out, the American press printed sensational, one-sided stories about itC. during the Cuban revolt, the Spanish committed numerous atrocities, whereas the Cubans usually behaved humanelyd. Cubans living in the United States popularized their side of the revolt with the American peoplee. sensationalized press coverage stirred a fervor for war

• 6. (p. 558) The Platt Amendment, incorporated into the Cuban constitution, gave Cuba a. full independenceb. economic independenceC. nominal political independenced. an American colonial governmente. an equal partnership with American interests

• 9. (p. 566) Although the progressives often differed about what progressivism meant, most agreed that a. the "natural law" of the marketplace could stabilize societyb. it was a particular set of political reformsc. it was a group of moral and humanitarian goalsD. government should play a role in correcting society's illse. all of the answers above

• 11. (p. 566-567) The favorite targets of the muckrakers included all of the following except A. the violence used against unionsb. the excessive practices of the railroadsc. the corruption of the business trustsd. the seamy side of boss rulee. the waste of natural resources

• 15. (p. 580-581) Progressives came to regard one state as the center of reform and its governor as the leading progressive. The most progressive state and governor were a. New Jersey/Woodrow WilsonB. Wisconsin/Robert La Follettec. California/Hiram. Johnsond. New York/Charles Evans Hughese. Ohio/William McKinley

• 7. (p. 605) Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906 for helping to end the _____ War. Russo-Japanese

• 10. (p. 602) The _____ Amendment allowed the federal government to create a graduated income tax. Sixteenth

• 14. (p. 593) The _____ Amendment provided for the popular election of the United States Senate. Seventeenth

• 19. (p. 580-581) _____ was so successful as a progressive governor that his state became known as a "laboratory of progressivism." Robert La Follette

world map

1st World War in history

•Great War or War to End all War

•Not called WWI until after WWII

•Total war

•Involved 60 nations and 6 continents

Cost of War•$400 billion

•$10 million dollars an hour

40 million deaths•First war of the Industrial

Revolution……

New Weapons vs old tactics of fighting

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Trench Warfare

“No Mans Land”

Trench Foot

Barbed Wire

The ZeppelinThe Zeppelin

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchersGrenade

Launchers

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aOq7DVcrVR8

AlliancesAlliances•European nations began forming military alliances with one another to maintain a balance of power balance of power

……..

Triple AllianceTriple Alliance Triple EntenteTriple EntenteCentral PowersCentral Powers Allied PowersAllied Powers

Germany Great Britain Austria-Hungary Empire FranceBulgaria Russia

alliances1

•Austrian-Hungarian Empire controlled

several ethic groups.

•Serbian nationalists wanted to untie Serbs

who lived in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire with Serbia.

•This led to the assassination of the

Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Saravejo

NationalismNationalism•Countries proud of their

heritage and culture•Similar toSimilar to patriotismpatriotism

•Ethnic groups of similar heritage wanted to free their oppressed brethren and unite their people into one country•Germany wanted to expand its Germany wanted to expand its culture and political influence culture and political influence

throughout Europe.throughout Europe.

NationalismNationalism

Aggressive Nationalism Aggressive Nationalism

ImperialismImperialism

•economic and political control economic and political control over other countries……over other countries……

•France, Great Britain, Germany and Russia were establishing

colonies in Africa and Asia

•these countries were in competition for colonies

Cartoon-European grab

European nations competing for colonies around the world…..Imperialism

Cartoon-European grab

MilitarismMilitarism•European nations began

an arms race as they competed for colonies around the world……

Militarism & Arms RaceMilitarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

$94 $130 $154 $268 $289 $398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [[Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and

RussiaRussia] in millions of dollars.] in millions of dollars.

Militarism & Arms RaceMilitarism & Arms Race1910-1914 Increase in Defense

Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany 73%

By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into the 3the 3rdrd largest naval fleet in the world…. largest naval fleet in the world….

The Great White Fleet

MobilizationMobilization

w Home by Christmas!w No major war in 50 years!w Nationalism!

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his family. Archduke

was heir to the throne in the Austrian Hungarian Empire. His assassination June 28,

1914 eventually led to WWI.

Garvillo Princip, a Serbian nationalist assassinated the

Archduke. He was trying to gain allowances for his fellow Serbs who

lived under Austrian rule.

Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession

1. World War One– TimeLine

alliances1

1. June 28Assassination at Sarajevo

2. July 28Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia

3. July 30Russia began mobilization

4. August 1Germany declared war on Russia

alliances2

5. August 3Germany declared war on France

6. August 3Great Britain declared war on Germany

7. August 6Russia and Austria/Hungary at war.

8. August 12Great Britain declared war on Austria/Hungary

2. Two Armed Camps!2. Two Armed Camps!Allied PowersAllied PowersAllied PowersAllied Powers Central Central

PowersPowersCentral Central PowersPowers

Great Britain

France

RussiaItaly

Germany

Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Soldiers Mobilized

France Germany Russia Britain

battle frontsbattle fronts

•German invasion in August of 1914, through Belgium to

conquer France.

•Gave FrenchFrench and BritishBritish militaries enough time to

mobilize their army

•Belgium puts up a strong fight.

•11stst Battle of the Marne River Battle of the Marne River, France and Great Britain stop

Germany from capturing Paris.

•France, England and Germany involve itself in trench warfaretrench warfare

from 1914 to 1918

•German invasion in August of 1914, through Belgium to

conquer France.

•Gave FrenchFrench and BritishBritish militaries enough time to

mobilize their army

•Belgium puts up a strong fight.

•11stst Battle of the Marne River Battle of the Marne River, France and Great Britain stop

Germany from capturing Paris.

•France, England and Germany involve itself in trench warfaretrench warfare

from 1914 to 1918

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/animations/western_front/index_embed.shtml

battle fronts

4. Stalematew By September 1914, the war had reached a stalematestalemate,

neither side was able to gain an advantage.w When a French and British force stopped a German advance

near Paris, both sides holed up in trenches separated by an empty “no man’s land.”“no man’s land.” Small gains in land resulted in huge numbers of human casualties.

w Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an advantage.

Modern Warfarew Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new,

highly efficient killing machines used in WW I.

w Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to attack the enemy.

w As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill livestock, and poison wells.

Launch List

w1. Take 1 minute and rank in importance, the causes of World War 1 (Animalz)

•Panama Canal was completed in August of 1914 just a week before

WWI began in Europe.

•Woodrow Wilson became President in 1912.

•5. Americans were shocked by the outbreak of war but…………..it was

in Europe.

•US was officially NEUTRALNEUTRAL

The effect of the war upon the United States will depend upon what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all

concerned.

The people of the United States are drawn from many nations, and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and

inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy. Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the

momentous struggle.

I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, the United States must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days

that are to try men's souls. wilson neutrality1

The US believed it had the right to trade with the warring nations and they would respect our neutrality…….Didn’t happen! The German submarine warfare and British

blockade violated our freedom of the seas and neutrality.

sandwich man

notes2

•US believed

•It had the right to trade with the warring nationswarring nations

•Warring nations must respect our neutralityneutrality

•in the freedom of the freedom of the seasseas

•German submarine warfare and British blockade violated our neutralityneutrality

Effects of Allied Effects of Allied blockadeblockade

•1914, $70 million in trade with Central powersCentral powers

•1916, trade reduced to $1.3 million

Allied tradeAllied trade •Grew from $825 million to $3.2 billion in same time

period•WWI transformed the US from a debtordebtor to a creditorcreditor

nation

•The Germans could not match Great Britain's

superior navy.•Germans introduced

unrestricted submarine warfare with U-Boats

•Germans warned the world they would sink any ship

they believed was carrying contraband to Great

Britain.

German Submarine Force 1914–1918

1914 1915 1916 1917 1918

On hand 24 29 54 133 142

Gains[clar

ification

needed]

10 52 108 87 70

Battle losses

5 19 22 63 69

Other losses

8 7 15 9??

Years end

29 54 133 142 134

Total operational boats: 351

U-BoatsU-Boats

•By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships.

Two typesTwo types•small subs

with a crew of 24

•larger subs with a crew of

•44 by 1918

Lusitania ad

war zone

•May 7, 1915, the Germans sunk the Lusitania which was British passenger liner.

•Germans believed it was carrying contraband (weapons)contraband (weapons) to the British.

•Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans. •U.S. and other countries outraged towards

Germany because of “unrestricted submarine “unrestricted submarine warfare”.warfare”.

•US believed the Germans had violated international lawinternational law of targeting civilians

Lusitania

•After the sinking of the Lusitania, public opinion of most Americans was to go to war with Germany.

•Germany promised they would not sink anymore ships unless

warning them first and providing safety for civilians.

•BUT, President Wilson was able “keep us out of war” ….

Sussex Sunk: led to Sussex Pledge in March

1916. Germany promised not to sink

anymore ships.war zone

If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliancealliance on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make war together and together make peace. We shall give general financial support, and it is understood that Mexico is to reconquer the lost Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizonaterritory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. The

details are left to you for settlement....

You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is certain that there will be an outbreak

of war withzimmerman notes

Berlin, January 19, 1917Berlin, January 19, 1917 On the first of FebruaryFebruary we intend to

begin unrestricted submarine warfareunrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep neutralneutral the United

States of America.

at the same time, offer to mediate between Germany and Japan. Please call to the

attention of the President of Mexico that the employment of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to compel England to make

peace in a few months.

Zimmerman (Secretary of State) Zimmerman (Secretary of State)

zimmerman notes

with the United States and suggest that the President of Mexico, on his own initiative,

should communicate with Japan suggesting adherence at once to

this plan;

zimmerman code

zimmerman cartoon

3 5 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 12.3 95% 91% 82% 80% 78% 75% 73% 71% 69% 62% 60% 75%

Documents