Welcome to

[ ]Dr. Myrza Rahmanita, SE, M.ScSurvey

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RESEARCH DESIGN

FIRST LET’S WE SEE ABOUTThe Learning Objectives

The process for selecting the appropriate and optimal communication approach.

Factors affect participation in communication studies.

Sources of error in communication studies and how to minimize them.

Major advantages and disadvantages of the three communication approaches.

Why an organization might outsource a communication study.

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DATA COLLECTIONApproach

10-5

As Shown in the diagram below …

SELECTINGa Communication Data Collection Approach

10-7

As Shown in the diagram below …

COMMUNICATIONApproach

10-9

Weaknesses

• Error• Inaccessible

populations

Strengths

• Versatility• Efficiency• Geographic coverage

As Shown in the table below …

SOURCEof Error

10-11

Measurement Questions

Interviewer

Participant

As Shown in the diagram below …

PARTICIPANTMotivation

10-13

As Shown in the diagram below …

RESPONSETerms

10-15

Noncontact rate

Refusal rate

Incidence rate

As Shown in the diagram below …

COMMUNICATIONApproach

10-17

Self-Administered

Survey

Survey via PersonalInterview

TelephoneSurvey

As Shown in the table below …

DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIREUsing the TDM

10-19

Disk-by-Mail

Intercept

Modes

Drop-off

Mail

CASI

Fax

As Shown in the diagram below …

10-20

Anonymity

Topic Coverage

Systematic

Sample Accessibility

Costs

Time Constraints

And also As Shown in the diagram below …

SELF-ADMINISTEREDSurveys

10-22

Easy to read

Offer clear directions

Include personalization

Notify in advance

Encourage response

As Shown in the diagram below …

OPTIONSFor Web-Based Surveys

Fee-Based Service

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Surveying Software

ADVANTAGESof Surveying Sofware

10-27http://www.surveyexpression.com/images/banner.png

Questionnaire design in word processing environment Question and scale libraries Automated publishing to the Web Real-time viewing of incoming data Rapid transmission of results Flexible analysis and reporting mechanisms

THE WEBas a Survey Research Venue

10-29

AdvantagesCost savingsShort turnaroundUse of visual stimuliAccess to participants Perception of anonymityAccess to data and experiences otherwise unavailable

DisadvantagesRecruitmentCoverageDifficulty developing probability samplesTechnical skillSystem compatibility issuesPossible self-selection bias

As Shown in the table below …

ADVANTAGE OFSelf-Administered Study

10-31

As Shown in the table below …

• Access inaccessible participants

• Incentives for higher response rates

• Lowest-cost• Geographic

coverage• Minimal staff

needed• Perceived

anonymity• Reflection time

• Question complexity• Rapid data collection • Visuals possible• Multiple sampling

possible

DISADVANTAGE OFSelf-Administered Study

10-33

• Low response rates in some modes• No interviewer

intervention• Cannot be too long• Cannot be too complex• Requires accurate list

• Skewed responses by extremists• Participant anxiety

possible• Directions necessary• Need for low-

distraction environment• Security

As Shown in the table below …

IMPROVINGResponse Rates

10-35

Monetary Incentives

Participation Deadlines

Promise of Anonymity

Appeal for Participation

Advance Notification

Reminders

Return Directions & Devices

As Shown in the explanation below …

TELEPHONESurveys

10-37

Traditional

CATI systems

Computer-administered

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As Shown in the explanation below …

DESIGNING QUESTIONNAIREUsing the TDM

10-39

Lower Cost vs. Personal Interview

Wide geographic coverage

Fewer Interviewers

Reduced interviewer bias

Fast completion time

Random dialing

CATI

As Shown in the explanation below …

DISADVANTAGEof the Telephone Survey

10-41

• Lower response rate • Early termination• Higher costs if

geographically dispersed sample

• Limited Interview length• Inaccessible populations• Limited complexity of

scales

iPhone

Voice-over IP

As Shown in the explanation below …

SURVEYvia Personal Interview

THERE ARE TWO KIND OF SURVEY VIA PERSONAL

INTERVIEWCAPI&INTERCEPT

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PERSONAL INTERVIEWSurvey

10-45

Advantages

Good cooperation ratesInterviewer can probe and explainVisual aids possibleIlliterate participants can be reachedInterviewer can prescreenCAPI possible

Disadvantages

High costsNeed for highly trained interviewersTime consumingLabor-intensiveSome unwilling to invite strangers into homesInterviewer bias possible

As Shown in the table below …