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FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV
FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV 2
Photo courtesy of the White House, Pete Souza
“This country needs an all-out, all-of-the-above strategy that develops every available source of American energy. A strategy that’s cleaner, cheaper, and full of new jobs.”
President Barack Obama State of the Union Address
January 24, 2012
FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV 3
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
Integrated Coal Program Technology Roadmap
Cross-cutting Research
Materials, sensors, controls & computational tools – a continuum of supporting science & crosscutting technology
CCUS Demonstration (Combustion, Gasification, Industrial)
CCUS R&D & Computational Analysis
Large Scale CO2 Injection Post Injection MVA
Integrated 1st
Generation Technology (SOTA CO2 70-90 $/tonne)
1st Generation
2nd Generation
Transformational Technology
Design Construction Operation
Design Construction Operation
Design Construction Operation
Commercial Deployment
Commercial Deployment
Commercial Deployment
CCUS 2nd Generation Component Technology – ready for Demonstration
(CO2 30-50 $/tonne)
CCUS Transformational Technology – ready for
Demonstration (CO2 <25 $/tonne)
Storage Best Practice Manuals and Protocols available to facilitate wide scale
deployment
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Ready for Demonstration
1st Generation physical solvents (CCPI)
1st Generation chemical solvents (CCPI)
Adv. CO2 compression
Amine solvents
Physical solvents
Cryogenic oxygen
Chemical looping
2nd Gen. Oxyboiler
Biological processes
Solid Sorbents
Cost
Red
ucti
on B
enef
it
2nd Gen. Solvents
H2 and CO2 Membranes
Oxygen Membranes
Post-combustion (existing, new PC) Pre-combustion (IGCC) Oxy-combustion (new PC) CO2 compression (all)
2020 2015 2010
Advanced 2nd Generation CCS and Transformational Capture Technologies
Lower Cost, Higher Efficiency
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Energy Security Environmental Impacts Competitiveness
Share of Reserves Held by NOC/IOC
Monthly Spot Price OK WTI Global Lithium-ion Battery Manufacturing (2009)
Worldwide Shipments of Solar Photovoltaics (MW)
Water Withdrawals in % By Category (2005)
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1 2 4 1
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Publ
ic s
uppl
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Dom
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Irri
gatio
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Live
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Aqu
acul
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Indu
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al
Min
ing
perc
enta
ge Thermoelectric Power
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100 120 140 160
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1986
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1998
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$/bb
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Billi
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etri
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f CO
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CO2 Emissions in OECD vs. non-OECD Countries
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Building and Industrial Efficiency Data collection and usage Integrated systems analyses Next-gen processes and products
Grid Modernization Communication and data Management and control Energy storage
Clean (Low-Carbon) Power Drive down costs Improve Plant Efficiency o Advanced Materials o Sensors and Controls Coupling between energy and water use
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Transform Our Energy Systems
•Cost-competitive carbon capture, utilization, and storage technology
•Advanced modeling and simulation to reduce upfront cost, risk of CCUS
•Increased efficiency for cleaner use of coal.
•Safe and sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas resources
•International partnerships for clean energy deployment
Science & Engineering Enterprise
• Under graduate, graduate and post-graduate research and internship support
Secure Our Nation •Technology innovation allowing
fossil fuels to continue to be part of a diversified, low-carbon energy portfolio
•Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve at full readiness
Management & Operational Excellence •FE-wide business review
assessment for mission success
FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV
2009 - Strong likelihood of cap-and-
trade legislation. - EOR applications seen as niche
opportunity to offset some cost; - Oil $50 - $60/barrel; - CCS storage focus with CO2 tax
support. Goal by 2020: + 35% LCOE
LCOE: Levelized Cost of Electricity
Then
2012 - Cap-and-trade legislation unlikely
in the near term. - No deadlines for utilities, no reason
to invest in carbon capture and storage.
- Oil more expensive = $100/barrel; global competition stronger.
- CCUS has been successfully developed in FE demos.
Current Capture Cost: $70-90/Ton
Goal by 2020: $40/Ton
Carbon Capture Cost can support a long-term business case to invest.
Now
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FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV
Large-Scale Geologic CO2 Storage
CO2 Capture from Industrial Facilities
Post-Combustion Capture with Enhanced Oil Recovery
IGCC with Enhanced Oil Recovery
Oxy-combustion
Advanced Technology for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage
Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
IGCC with CO2 Capture (to pipeline)
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FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV
CCPI Round II
CCPI Round III
FutureGen
ICCS (Area I)
Hydrogen Energy California IGCC with EOR
$408 Million - DOE $4.0 Billion - Total
Summit Texas Clean Energy IGCC with EOR
$450 Million - DOE $1.7 Billion - Total
NRG Energy Post Combustion with CO2
Capture and EOR $167 Million – DOE $339 Million - Total
Air Products CO2 Capture from Steam
Methane Reformers with EOR $284 Million - DOE $431 Million - Total
Leucadia CO2 Capture from Methanol
with EOR $261 Million - DOE $436 Million - Total
Archer Daniels Midland CO2 Capture from Ethanol
(saline injection) $141 Million - DOE $208 Million - Total
FutureGen 2.0 Oxy-combustion with
CO2 capture (saline injection) $1.0 Billion - DOE $1.3 Billion - Total
Southern Company Services IGCC-Transport Gasifier
(CO2 to pipeline) $270 Million - DOE $2.67 Billion - Total
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Partnership Target Injection Volume (tonnes)
Big Sky 1,000,000
MGSC 1,000,000
MRCSP 1,000,000
PCOR 1,500,000
1,000,000
SECARB 2,402,000
300,000
SWP 1,000,000
WESTCARB TBD
Injection Ongoing
2012 Injection Scheduled
Injection Scheduled 2012-2015
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Large-volume tests
One injection commenced April 2009; another in November 2011
Remaining injections scheduled 2012-2015
Injection began November 2011
Injection Started April 2009
Core Sampling Taken
Note: Some locations presented on map may
differ from final injection location
Injection Well Drilled
Characterization Well Initiated
Reservoir modeling initiated
Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Phase III: Development
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Injection Ongoing
2012 Injection Scheduled
Injection Scheduled 2012-2015
Injection began November 2011
Injection Started April 2009
Core Sampling Taken
Note: Some locations presented on map may
differ from final injection location
Injection Well Drilled
Characterization Well Initiated
Reservoir modeling initiated
Addressing Storage Challenges: Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships
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• Large-scale injection wells
• Establishing monitoring and verification protocols.
• Addressing regulatory, environmental, and outreach issues.
• Establishing Best Practices
• Assessing risks
• Validating sequestration technology and infrastructure.
• Engaging regional, state, and local governments
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Oxygen Membrane
Fuel Gas
Warm Gas Cleaning
Reduces Capital Cost by 25% and 5.0% reduction in COE
Oxygen
CO2
H2 Rich Stream
• Efficiency increases by 2.9 %pt • COE decreases by 12.0%
Water-Gas Shift*
O2-
e-
Hot Compressed Air
Lean Air
H
H
H
H2
CO2
H2
H2
H
H
H
H
CO2
H
H2
Process improvement and intensification
H2/CO2 Membrane
Low-rank Coal* Alternative Feedstocks*
•Energy security •Carbon footprint reduction
Improve RAM*
•Refractory durability •Feed system reliability •Heat removal/integration •Temperature measurement & control
•Dynamic simulator •CFD gasifier modeling •Slag model development
* Advanced Gasification
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Compact Boiler Designs
Advanced Materials (USC) Advanced Burners Sensors/Controls
Boilers
Multi-pollutant capture Advanced Sorbents
Advanced Membranes
Supersonic Compression
High Pressure Turbo Pump Enhanced Compressor Design
Advanced Compression
Post Combustion Capture
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Reduce Cost and Load
Oxygen Plant Elevated Pressure Combustion
Oxyfuel Boiler
2 Stage Purification
Removes SOx, NOx, O2, inerts Smaller Compression Plant
CO2 Purification Reduce CO2 Recycle
High Temperature Materials Efficient Water Use
Sensors and Controls
Advanced Process Integration
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CO2 transport, storage and monitoring cost
25
30
35
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45
50
Curr
ent S
tate
-of-t
he-A
rt
Coal
Pum
p
85%
Ava
ilabi
lity
War
m G
as C
lean
up
Hyd
roge
n M
embr
ane
Adv.
H2
Turb
ine
Ion
Tran
spor
t Mem
bran
e
Conv
entio
nal F
inan
cing
Efficiency (% HHV)
Supercritical PC without capture
IGCC with Carbon Capture
IGCC without Capture
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120
Curr
ent S
tate
-of-t
he-A
rt
Coal
Pum
p
85%
Ava
ilabi
lity
War
m G
as C
lean
up
Hyd
roge
n M
embr
ane
Adv.
H2
Turb
ine
Ion
Tran
spor
t Mem
bran
e
Conv
entio
nal F
inan
cing
First-Year COE ($/MWh)
Supercritical PC without capture
IGCC with Carbon Capture
IGCC withoutCapture
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Curr
ent S
tate
-of-t
he-A
rt
Coal
Pum
p
85%
Ava
ilabi
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War
m G
as C
lean
up
Hyd
roge
n M
embr
ane
Adv.
H2
Turb
ine
Ion
Tran
spor
t Mem
bran
e
Conv
entio
nal F
inan
cing
Cost of CO2 Removed ($/tonne)
Relative to Supercritical PC without capture
IGCC with Carbon Capture
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0
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Ref.
IGFC
/Sta
te-o
f-the
-Art
Redu
ced
Deg
rada
tion
Redu
ced
Ove
rpot
entia
l
85%
Ava
ilabi
lity
Enha
nced
Gas
ifier
90%
Ava
ilabi
lity
Redu
ced
SOFC
Cos
t
Incr
ease
d In
vert
er E
ff.
Pres
suriz
ed SO
FC
Cata
lytic
Gas
ifier
Conv
entio
nal F
inan
cing
Cost of CO2 Removed ($/tonne)
Relative to Supercritical PC without capture
IGFC with Carbon Capture
IGCC with capture
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CO2 transport, storage and monitoring cost
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Ref.
IGFC
/Sta
te-o
f-the
-Art
Redu
ced
Deg
rada
tion
Redu
ced
Ove
rpot
entia
l
85%
Ava
ilabi
lity
Enha
nced
Gas
ifier
90%
Ava
ilabi
lity
Redu
ced
SOFC
Cos
t
Incr
ease
d In
vert
er E
ff.
Pres
suriz
ed SO
FC
Cata
lytic
Gas
ifier
Conv
entio
nal F
inan
cing
Efficiency (% HHV)
IGFC with Carbon Capture
Supercritical PC without capture
IGCC with capture40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Ref.
IGFC
/Sta
te-o
f-the
-Art
Redu
ced
Deg
rada
tion
Redu
ced
Ove
rpot
entia
l
85%
Ava
ilabi
lity
Enha
nced
Gas
ifier
90%
Ava
ilabi
lity
Redu
ced
SOFC
Cos
t
Incr
ease
d In
vert
er E
ff.
Pres
suriz
ed SO
FC
Cata
lytic
Gas
ifier
Conv
entio
nal F
inan
cing
First-Year COE ($/MWh)
IGFC with Carbon Capture
Supercritical PC without capture
IGCC with capture
FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV
*USC = Ultra-supercritical PC (5,000 psig/1,200oF/1,200oF) * PC = 5,000 psig/1,350oF/1,400oF CO2 transport, storage and monitoring cost
A – Supercritical PC w/Current Amine Scrubbing B – Ultrasupercritical PC w/Current Amine Scrubbing
C – USC PC w/Amine + Advanced Compression D – USC PC w/Advanced CO2 Sorbent + Adv. Comp.
E – USC PC + Adv. CO2 Membrane + Adv. Comp. F – Adv. USC PC + Adv. Sorbent + Adv. Compression
G – Adv. USC PC + Adv. Membrane + Adv. Comp. H – Advanced Oxycombustion Power Cycles
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150Levelized COE ($/MWh)
SCPC w/o CCS
A B C D E F G H
OxycombustionPost-Combustion
0
10
20
30
40
50Cost of CO2 Removed ($/tonne)
A B C D E F G H
Relative to Supercritical PC without capture
OxycombustionPost-Combustion
Advanced Power Systems Enable CCUS Opportunities
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Carbon Storage Program – Core R&D
Thermal and hydrologic fate and transport Geochemical simulations Geomechanical simulations Predicting biologic impacts on storage formations Risk assessment and quantification
Wellbore construction and materials technologies Mitigation technologies for wells and natural pathways Managing fluid flow, reservoir pressure, and brines Geochemical effects of CO2 injection Geomechanical effects on reservoirs and seals
Atmospheric and Remote Sensing Technologies Near surface monitoring of soils and vadose zone Subsurface monitoring in and near injection zone Intelligent monitoring systems for field management
Geologic Storage Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting
Enhanced Oil Recovery Conversion to commodities into chemicals and plastics Non-geologic storage in cement and minerals Beneficial use of produced waters
CO2 Utilization
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Simulation and Risk Assessment
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Science-Based Computational Tools for Accelerating CCS Technology Development & Deployment
Identify promising concepts
Develop optimal designs
Quantify technical risk in scale-up
Accelerate learning during development & deployment
First Principles
Commercial Plants
CFD
Process Simulation
NRAP
FOSSIL.ENERGY.GOV
The “Un-Mined Gold” Story for Energy and Jobs Benefits1 of CO2-EOR: ◦ $10 trillion in economic
activity over 30 years; ◦ 2.5 million jobs ◦ 30 – 40 percent reduction
in imported oil
Domestic Oil Supplies and CO2 Demand (Storage) Volumes from “Next Generation” CO2-EOR Technology**
1 Source: U.S. Carbon Sequestration Council
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Oil in reservoir Injected CO2 encounters oil
Oil expands and moves toward producing well
EOR – How It Works
CO2 remains in reservoir
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Energy Security: Promote U.S. energy security by increasing domestic oil production and reducing imports.
Jobs: Create millions of new high paying jobs in the energy and related sectors.
Revenues: Provide trillions of dollars of new domestic revenues and economic activity.
Trade: Improve the U.S. balance of trade by significant reductions in oil imports.
CCS and Climate Change Impact: Help achieve a meaningful and significant reduction in U.S. CO2 emissions through safe and permanent geologic storage for EOR operations.
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