India/Delhi Sultanate & Trade

600-1450

King HarshaRuled 606-648BuddhistUnable to centralize ruleGenerous leaderWas assassinated without an heir

Islam in IndiaMilitary expedition defeated Sind in 711Most of the population remained Hindu or

BuddhistArab administration was fighting so natives

took over, but area was slightly under Abbasid control until 1258

Islam in IndiaMerchants

brought the religion to coastal areas

Intermarried with locals

Gujarat had a large Muslim population

Islam in India

Turkish invadersMahmud Ghazni led Turks in Afghanistan

Led 17 invasions into India from 1001 to 1027Wanted goods, not political powerDestroyed Buddhist and Hindu shrinesHelped push Buddhism outBuilt Islamic shrines instead

Delhi SultanateEstablished by Mahmud’s successorsEstablish capital at DelhiControlled most of Northern India from 1206-

1526Did major irrigation projectsEstablished centralization

Hindu Kingdoms in Southern IndiaChola Kingdom

850 to 1267Navy dominated South China Sea to Arabian

SeaAllowed local rule as long as they got their

taxes on timeRevolts led to the end

Hindu Kingdoms in Southern IndiaVijayanagar“ city of victory”Officials in Delhi sent two guys to go try to

control the regionThe two guys renounced Islam and set up

their own kingdom in 1336Was the dominate kingdom until Mughul

conquest in 1565

Population Growth in India600: 53 million800: 64 million (20% increase)1000: 79 million (25% increase)1500: 105 million Concentration of population in cities led to

urbanization, especially at port citiesCambay, Surat, Calicut, Quilon all had

populations over 100,000

Jewish TradersReligion and ethnicity created a common

bond amongst traders in the eastern hemisphere

Linked Europe and China during 8th-9th centuries

B/c of Diaspora, Jewish communities developed along the Silk Road Routes

Cities where they settled: Baghdad, Calicut, Cochin, Kaifeng, and Cairo

Muslim TradersReligion and ethnicity also created bondsDominated Indian Ocean routesLatten sails helped them trade from

Mesopotamia to China in two yearsb/c Islam was spread by trade rather than

conquest, many converted

South Pacific (Oceania)Austonesian-speaking peopleMigrated from South China and SE Asia to

Taiwan, Philippines, and eastern IndonesiaThose that stayed on these islands became

known as “Melanesians” those who kept migrating were called “Polynesians”

PolynesiansSailed in single and double

canoes100 to 150 feet longCould carry people, food,

and live animalsGot to Hawaii (400 ce),

Easter Island (400 ce) & New Zealand (750 ce)

Despite island settlements Polynesians share tools, names of plants, terms of kinship, and artistic styles

Malay Sailors Developed the junk cargo ship & traded in

South China Sea2-4 mastsTwo rudders400 to 500 tons capacity

Balance-lug sailsBecome lateen sails

Learned the patterns of monsoon windsTraveled the Indian Ocean and established

settlements in MadagascarTraded bananas

Pax Mongolica TradeAllowed for the reopening of the Silk RoadIbn Battuta and Marco Polo