transcript
- 1. By Allah Dad Khan allahdad52@gmail.com
- 2. Top 10 Reasons to Support Natural Farming in the 21st
Century 1. Reduce The Toxic Load: Keep Chemicals Out of the Air,
Water, Soil and our Bodies. 2. Reduce if Not Eliminate Off Farm
Pollution. 3. Protect Future Generations 4. Build Healthy Soil 5.
Taste Better and Truer Flavor 6. Assist Family Farmers of all Sizes
7. Avoid Hasty and Poor Science in Your Food 8. Eating with a Sense
of Place 9. Promote Biodiversity 10. Celebrate the Culture of
Agriculture
- 3. Natural Farming Respect for Life Natural Farming respects
life. It opposes human exploitation on life. Ironicaly it may
sound; respecting the nature of the life is the best way to achieve
top quality and yield. We prevent disease rather than curing with
medicines.
- 4. High Quality Natural Farming products have high quality,
good taste and better yield. People commonly think that by
converting to organic farming you will have smaller yields, lower
quality and smaller-sized fruits. In Natural Farming it is the
opposite. We do not go back to the past; we take a leap into the
future. Natural Farming products have much higher nutritional
contents. Protein, amino acid, crude fat and other essential
nutrient were identified to be as much as 300 percent higher than
ordinary products. Chemical residue such as nitrate is almost
undetectable
- 5. Natural Farming Methods No Pesticide Natural Farming does
not use pesticide. Pesticides do not only kill insects; they reside
in the soil and fruit. When absorbed, it can do serious harm to our
bodies and even our next generations. Instead of using toxic
chemicals, we use light, alcohol, aroma, poisonous plant and so
forth to control pests. More surprisingly, an ecology that
recovered the natural balance will drop in the pests and disease
occurrence. Natural Farming does precisely that.
- 6. No Herbicide Natural Farming does not use herbicide. Killing
the weeds with chemical is not the only solution nor is it wise.
Herbicide is lethal to human. How can it only kill the weeds?
Natural Farming uses the weeds rather than killing them. We
actually grow the wild grass such as rye and clover for mulching.
Natural Farming orchards are green with grass growing between the
fruit trees. The grass prevents soil erosion, holds moisture,
propagates microorganism, produces organic fertilizer, improves
soil ventilation and suppresses the pests. How can it only be a
thief of nutrients?
- 7. No Tillage Natural Farming does not till the land. Instead
of using machines, we use earthworms, microorganisms and small
animals. Machine can plow 20 centimeters at best, whereas
earthworms will dig 7 meters. The excretions of the earthworms turn
into the best soil. After practicing Natural Farming, the soil
inflates like a balloon. Our little workers tilled so well that
your hand will slide in as if into a soft cake. Because you dont
till the land, the grass seeds in the soil do not come up to the
surface. In other words, after the grass on the surface have
germinated and died, you will have no more weed problems. No
tillage and no herbicide are linked
- 8. No Chemical Fertilizer Natural Farming does not use chemical
fertilizer. Nor does it follow the common practice of applying over
half of the fertilizer as base manure. Crops will become weak if
given too much food at early stage. Nitrogen, phosphorous,
potassium, calcium and all other elements that would be commonly
given in the form of chemical fertilizer are substituted with
Natural Farming inputs. Fish amino acid provides nitrogen,
eggshells give calcium, animal bones are source of phosphoric acid.
Our Natural Farming inputs are not only cheap but highly
effective.
- 9. No Pollution Natural Farming animal houses do not emit any
wastewater. There is no need to install an expensive treatment
machine. All the treatment is done right on the floor itself. As
soon as feces fall on the floor, it is quickly decomposed by the
powerful microorganisms. Floor is not made from concrete, it is
touching the soil; it is alive. Rice straw, sawdust, fresh soil are
used for flooring Even if you use a Natural Farming animal house
for many years, you do not need to clean the feces once. They do
not pile up and they do not smell. Utilizing the natural powers
like the sun, wind and microorganism, the floor is always dry and
fluffy. It is a common sight to see a Natural Farming animal houses
right beside a human house.
- 10. No Artificial Heating Natural Farming animal houses do not
provide any artificial heating. Rather than consuming fossil fuel
or electricity we think it is wiser to develop the animals natural
resistance against cold. A healthy animal does not need such
human-improvised help. Natural Farming chicks grow short, tough and
dense hair whereas ordinary chicks have long, soft and sparse hair.
In extremely cold areas or weather, we use heat from fermentation
of compost.
- 11. Farming inputs are made by farmers One of the most
important aspects of Natural Farming is that the farmers make what
they need. Fertilizers, soil improvers, pest controllers, disease
cure are all made by the farmers themselves using only natural
materials based on the Nutritive Cycle theory. By doing so, we save
money and perform better. Our field, hills, forest, rivers, ocean
and all surroundings are full of useful materials that are tools of
our farming; only if we open our eyes. Our important inputs include
Indigenous Microorganism (IMO), Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ),
Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), Fish
Amino Acid (LAB), Water-soluble Calcium (WCA), Water-soluble
Calcium Phosphate (WCP), and Insect Attractant (IA). All produced
at home easily and cheaply. Most importantly, they work!
- 12. Natural Feed made by Farmers Natural Farming animals do not
only eat commercial feed from the market. They eat natural food
prepared by farmers with love and affection. Chicks are given with
whole brown rice grains and bamboo leaves immediately after
hatching. Tough food develops their intestines. Animals reared with
Natural Farming are healthy, strong and have no disease. We do not
give antibiotics, hormones, colorants or other chemicals to our
animals. We give them what nature has given them to eat. We use
grass, rice husk, rice bran, left- over food, sawdust and even soil
for feed. They go through our special treatment and assorting.
- 13. Nutritive Cycle Theory Natural Farming cares for the crops
and livestock according to the Nutritive Cycle Theory. It is a
theory that enables us to read the changing growth stages of a
plant or animal. We apply fertilizer, feed, or prescription
precisely according to this cycle. Natural Farming is a very
elaborate, complicated and precise method that denies
spray-and-forget kind of approach. Just like humans, crops and
livestock also need nitrogen when young, phosphoric acid during
adolescence and calcium after maturity. Also the amount of food
they need to take in will constantly change, just as a baby cannot
eat a grown-ups dish. Natural Farming emphasizes the right use of
the right material, at the right stage, in the right quantity.
- 14. Natural Inputs Indigenous Microorganism (IMO) Indigenous
microorganism is a powerful input that improves soil condition and
crop health. It is collected from nearby forest or fields using a
simple wooden lunch box with steamed rice. By utilizing
microorganisms that survived and adapted to that local place for
numerous generations, we can have safe, cheap yet powerful
microorganism input. Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) Fermented plant
juice is made by fermenting plant parts in brown sugar. Sprouts and
baby fruits with high hormone concentration, full grown fruits,
flower abundant in honey, and any plant with strong vigor are good
ingredients. Oriental Herbal Nutrient (OHN) Oriental herbal
nutrient is made from herbs valued in oriental medicine. Lactic
acid bacteria is exactly same as yoghurt. Other inputs include fish
amino acid, water-soluble calcium from eggshells, water-soluble
phosphoric calcium from animal bones and seawater.
- 15. Some practices now being done and promoted as natural
farming practices: 1. Zero cultivation and following, allowing the
soil to rest and rejuvenate. 2. Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
3. Insect traps, lure and attractants. 4. Use of Biological pest
control (natural enemies of pest) 5. Use of Organic Compost
fertilizer and bio micro inoculant. 6. Use of Organic Pest and
Disease control materials. 7. Use of indigenous resistant plant
varieties and strain. 8. Practice crop rotation and following
(resting the soil for some time). 9. Growing and inter-cropping of
pest repellant and herbal plants. 10. Integrated cropping pattern
to prevent growth of toxic weeds. 11. Growing the right crop on the
right soil, climate and at the right time.
- 16. organic farming Next End Previous Organic farming is a
system which avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetic inputs
(such as fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, feed additives etc) and
to the maximum extent feasible rely upon crop rotations, crop
residues, animal manures, off-farm organic waste, mineral grade
rock additives and biological system of nutrient mobilization and
plant protection.
- 17. Organic farming Next EndPrevious
- 18. Organic farming Previous Next End Need Increase in
population make compulsion to stabilize agricultural production,
but to, increase it further, in sustainable manner. Natural balance
needs to be maintained at all cost for existence of life and
property. Agrochemicals which are produced from fossil fuel and are
not renewable and are diminishing in availability. It may also cost
heavily on our foreign exchange in future.
- 19. organic farming Previous Next End Key characteristics
Protecting the long term fertility of soils by maintaining organic
matter levels, encouraging soil biological activity and careful
mechanical intervention. Providing crop nutrients indirectly using
relatively insoluble nutrient sources which are made available to
the plant by the action of soil micro-organisms.
- 20. organic farming Previous Next End Nitrogen self-sufficiency
through the use of legumes and biological nitrogen fixation, as
well as effective recycling of organic materials including crop
residues and livestock manures Weed, disease and pest control
relying primarily on crop rotations, natural predators, diversity,
organic manuring, resistant varieties and limited (preferably
minimal) thermal, biological and chemical intervention. Key
characteristics
- 21. organic farming Previous Next End Key characteristics The
extensive management of livestock, paying full regard to their
evolutionary adaptations, behavioral needs and animal welfare
issues with respect to nutrition, housing, health, breeding and
rearing. Careful attention to the impact of the farming system on
the wider environment and the conservation of wildlife and natural
habitats.
- 22. ORGANIC FARMING PRINCIPLE Previous Next End
- 23. organic farming Previous Next End Four principles 1.
Principle of health Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance
the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and
indivisible Healthy soils produce healthy crops that foster the
health of animals and people. Health is the wholeness and integrity
of living systems. The role of organic agriculture, whether in
farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain
and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the
smallest in the soil to human beings.
- 24. organic farming Previous Next End Organic Agriculture
should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with
them, emulate them and help sustain them. This principle roots
organic agriculture within living ecological systems. It states
that production is to be based on ecological processes, and
recycling Nourishment and well-being are achieved through the
ecology of the specific production environment. Organic management
must be adapted to local conditions, ecology, culture and scale. 2.
Principle of ecology
- 25. organic farming Previous Next End Inputs should be reduced
by reuse, recycling and efficient management of materials and
energy in order to maintain and improve environmental quality and
conserve resources Organic agriculture should attain ecological
balance through the design of farming systems, establishment of
habitats and maintenance of genetic and agricultural diversity.
Principle of ecology
- 26. organic farming Previous Next End Organic Agriculture
should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to
the common environment and life opportunities. This principle
emphasizes that those involved in organic agriculture should
conduct human relationships in a manner that ensures fairness at
all levels and to all parties - farmers, workers, processors,
distributors, traders and consumers 3. Principle of fairness
- 27. organic farming Previous Next End It aims to produce a
sufficient supply of good quality food and other products. Natural
and environmental resources that are used for production and
consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and
ecologically just and should be held in trust for future
generations Fairness requires systems of production, distribution
and trade that are open and equitable and account for real
environmental and social costs. Principle of fairness
- 28. organic farming Previous Next End 4. Principle of care
Organic Agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and
responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current
and future generations and the environment. Organic agriculture is
a living and dynamic system that responds to internal and external
demands and conditions. This principle states that precaution and
responsibility are the key concerns in management, development and
technology choices in organic agriculture.
- 29. organic farming Previous Next End It aims to produce a
sufficient supply of good quality food and other products. Natural
and environmental resources that are used for production and
consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and
ecologically just and should be held in trust for future
generations Fairness requires systems of production, distribution
and trade that are open and equitable and account for real
environmental and social costs. Principle of fairness
- 30. organic farming End Organic farming approach involves
following five principles: 1. Conversion of land from conventional
management to organic management 2. Management of the entire
surrounding system to ensure biodiversity and sustainability of the
system 3. Crop production with the use of alternative sources of
nutrients such as crop rotation, residue management, organic
manures and biological inputs. 4. Management of weeds and pests by
better management practices, physical and cultural means and by
biological control system 5. Maintenance of live stock in tandem
with organic concept and make them an integral part of the entire
system Basic Steps of Organic Farming
- 31. organic farming Previous Next End It aims to produce a
sufficient supply of good quality food and other products. Natural
and environmental resources that are used for production and
consumption should be managed in a way that is socially and
ecologically just and should be held in trust for future
generations Fairness requires systems of production, distribution
and trade that are open and equitable and account for real
environmental and social costs. Principle of fairness
- 32. C:N Ratio SOM 10-12:1 Plant Litter 20-400:1 Bacteria 4:1
Fungi 10:1 Soil OrganicMatter SOM is: 55% C 5% N 0.5% P 0.5% S
Alive Microbial Biomass (fungi, bacteria) 2-5% of SOM Dead
Non-humic substances 20-30% of SOM Humic substances 60-80% of
SOM
- 33. How does Organic Matter Improve Soil? 1) increase water
holding capacity 2) nutrients attach to O.M. 3) O.M. improves tilth
(aggregate) The amount of humus in soil is directly proportional to
the amount of nitrogen in soil Soils high in O.M. are easily worked
and may be described as having good tilth.
- 34. Reasons for low organic matter The quality of our soil is
very poor in organic matter. A soil with 1.29 per cent carbon is
considered to be sufficient in organic matter, but here the soil
has less than that. The range of carbon in the soil is 0.52 .
1.Climatic Conditions. 2.Soil disorders 3. Easy availability of
Mineral Fertilizers 4.Poor economic coditions of farmers
5.Intensive tillage
- 35. Organic sources available in country 1. 1.5 Million tons of
nutrient are available 50% wasted. 2. Poultry can contribute as
manure about 101000 tons of nitrogen ,58000 phosphorus and 26000
tones of potash. 3. Crop residue 4. Green manure 5. Filter cake and
silage 6.Abattor waste 7. Other material
- 36. Why Organic Farming Organic farming in the form of
agriculture includes crop rotation, application of green manure,
compost, bio fertilizers, biological pest and diseases control to
maintain soil productivity and restrict the use of synthetic
fertilizers and pesticides. Infact the organic farming rely on the
management of the soil. It enhances the chemical, biological and
physical properties of the soil and the increasing amount of
nutrition in soil plays a key role in suppressing weeds, pests and
diseases in eco-friendly manner .
- 37. Techniques for Organic Farmingfor Medicinal Plants 1. Zero
cultivation /no till cultivation 2. Practice Clean Culture 3.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM).GAP 4. Insect traps, lure and
attractants. 5. Use of Biological pest control (natural enemies of
pest) 6. Use of Organic Compost fertilizer and bio micro
inoculants. 7. Use of Organic Pest and Disease control materials.
8. Use of indigenous resistant plant varieties and strain. 9.
Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil for some
time). 10. Growing and inter-cropping of pest repellant and herbal
plants. 11. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) 12. Growing the right
crop on the right soil, climate and at the right time. 13.
Solarization 14. Integrated Nutrient Management ( I NM) 15.
Vermipost 16. Integrated Farm Management ( IFM)
- 38. 1. Zerocultivation/notill farming is a way of growing crops
or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through
tillage. No-till is an agricultural technique which increases the
amount of water that infiltrates into the soil and increases
organic matter retention and cycling of nutrients in the soil.
- 39. 2.Practice cleanculture. Cultivation and weed control will
also help not only in soil aeration and softening of soil mass but
will also reduce or disturb the breeding place of insect pests and
fungal diseases.
- 40. 3.IntegratedPest Management (IPM) Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) is a pest control program using combination of all
practices to reduce or eliminate pest damage. This includes
natural, biological and mechanical practices as well as bio and
chemical pesticide application.
- 41. Good Agriculture Practices Guidelines for Good Agricultural
Practice (GAP) of Medicinal Plants Principles and Guidelines for
Good Agricultural Practice (GAP) 1 Seeds and propagation material
-Parent material used in organic production has to be certified as
authentically organic. 2. Cultivation -Depending on the method of
cultivation e.g. conventional or organic, growers should be allowed
to follow different Standard Operating Procedures for cultivation
(to be elaborated). 3. Soil and Fertilization -Medicinal and
aromatic plants should not be grown in soils that are contaminated
by sludge.It should therefore be endeavoured to apply the use of
chemical products with as minimum negative effect as possible. 4.
Irrigation -Irrigation should be minimized as much as possible and
only be applied according to the needs of the plant. 5. Tillage
should be adapted to the growth and requirements of plants. 6.
Pesticide and herbicide application shoud be avoided as far as
possible. 7. Harvest- Harvesting should take place when the plants
are of best possible quality, according to their different
utilizations. 8. Primary processing -Primary processing after
harvest includes such processing steps as washing, freezing,
distilling, drying, etc. All these processes, whether for food or
medicinal use
- 42. Good Agriculture Practices 9.Packaging packaged in new,
clean and dry sacks, bags or chests. The label must be clear,
permanently fixed and be made of non-toxic material. Information
must conform with the national labelling regulations 10.Storage and
Transport -Fresh products (except basil) should be stored between
1C and 5C while frozen products should be stored below 18C (or
below 20C for longer term storage). 11. Personnel and Facilities
-Personnel should receive adequate botanical education before
performing tasks that require this knowledge. 12. . Documentation
-All parent materials and processing steps, including the location
of cultivation, have to be documented. Field records showing
previous cropping and used inputs should be maintained by all
growers. 13. Education -It is highly advisable to educate all
personnel dealing with the crop or those engaged in the management
of production, in production techniques as well as the appropriate
use of herbicides and pesticides. 14. Quality Guarantee
-Consultation between producers and buyers of medicinal and
aromatic plants, with regard to quality questions, e.g. active
principles and other characteristic ingredients.
- 43. Good Agriculture Practices 11. Personnel and Facilities
Personnel should receive adequate botanical education before
performing tasks that require this knowledge. 12. . Documentation
All parent materials and processing steps, including the location
of cultivation, have to be documented. Field records showing
previous cropping and used inputs should be maintained by all
growers. 13. Education It is highly advisable to educate all
personnel dealing with the crop or those engaged in the management
of production, in production techniques as well as the appropriate
use of herbicides and pesticides. 14. Quality Guarantee
Consultation between producers and buyers of medicinal and aromatic
plants, with regard to quality questions, e.g. active principles
and other characteristic ingredients, optical and sensoric
properties, limited germ numbers, plant protection chemical
residues and heavy metals, must be based on nternationally
recognized or national specifications and should be laid down in
written form.
- 44. 6. Use of Organic Fertilizer a) Farm Yard Manure b) The
bird manure c) Ashes are alkali fertilizer.. d) Green Manure e)
Farm Slurry f) Humis
- 45. 7.Usedof Organic Pest and Disease Control Herbal
preparations to control pest and diseases can easily be made by
farmers themselves since we have abundant plants in the country
that are suitable ingredient.
- 46. 8.Practice crop rotation and following (resting the soil
for some time). Crop rotation or changing crops grown in certain
areas to avoid the buildup of certain pest or disease affecting
certain crops. Example, rotating onions with pepper . Resting the
soil for one to two years to allow natural vegetation and the
growth of natural enemies to introduce balance of nature, while
enriching your soil environment for future crop production.
- 47. 9. Growing and inter-croppingof pest repellant andherbal
plants There are crops that repel certain insect pests.
Intercropping tomato with cabbages and cauliflower will help reduce
the diamondback moth attacking cabbages. Learn what these crop
combinations..
- 48. 10. Integrated WeedManagement Certain weeds are difficult
to remove or control, like grasses. Planting vines and crawling
crops like sweet potato and cover crops will help suppress
weeds.
- 49. 11.Growingtherightcropontherightsoil, climateandat
therighttime. There are suitable crops that are ideal for certain
season of the year and suitable soils for their healthy and
productive growth. Learn the nature of the plants and their
preferences before deciding what to grow in your farm.
- 50. 12. Solarization It is a non contaminant soil
disinfestation technique. It is based on the sun irradition to
provide a temperature rise; and humidity increase this effect. The
use of polyethylene ( usually transparent) to cover the ground soil
(upper layer), increases the thermical effect and avoid soil
moisture loss, raising temperature to letal levels for living soil
organism.
- 51. 13 IntegratedNutrient Management inm
- 52. 14. Vermipost WHAT IS VERMICOMPOSTING/WORM FARMING? The
process of using worms to aid in the decomposition of organic
matter. I.e., organic matter is put in a bin with worms; the worms
eat the organic matter and break it down, leaving behind a nutrient
rich product known as 'vermicompost', 'worm castings', 'worm manu
BENEFITS OF VERMICOMPOSTING Improves soil structure Increases the
soil's ability to retain water Improves the growth and structure of
root systems Enhances germination, growth, and yield of plants
Increases the micro-organism population in soil by 10-20x Makes
nutrients more available for plant uptake Very space efficient.
Worm composting can be done even in a small apartment Not to
mention all that food waste that's being turned into fertilizer
instead of being thrown away .
- 53. 15.IntegratedFarm Management Integrated Farm Management
(IFM) involves: a commitment to good husbandry and animal welfare
efficient soil management and appropriate cultivation techniques
the use of crop rotations minimum reliance on crop protection
chemicals and fertilisers careful choice of seed varieties
maintenance of the landscape and rural communities enhancement of
wildlife habitats a commitment to team spirit based on
communication, training and involvement.
- 54. Cultivation of medicinal plants: an eco-friendlyapproach :
Eco-friendly farming Organic farming Biological farming Nature
farming Regenerative agriculture Permaculture Alternate agriculture
Ecological agriculture Ecological farming systems Biodynamic
agriculture Organic agriculture system Basic standards and general
principles for organic agriculture Principle requirements and
pre-conditions Conversion from conventional to organic farming
Important tips for cultivation of medicinal plants Multi tier
agriculture system for cultivation of medicinal plants Indigenous
agricultural practices for cultivation of medicinal plants
- 55. BIOLOGICALFARMING The objectives of Biological Farming as
part of Natural Farming is to produce food crops without the use
and traces of toxic synthetic chemical product. In this case, we
will be using living organisms from the microscopic beneficial
fungus and bacteria to insects and animals and other life
forms.
- 56. BIOLOGICALPESTCONTROL There are many beneficial insects,
birds; animals that help suppress the population of insect pest.
Providing them home and habitat within your farm will greatly
lessen incidents of serious infestation. Bacteria, yeast and fungus
(BYM) Pro-biotic that fight bad bacteria and fungus; and damage the
egg as well as adult insect pests can be very helpful at low cost
while renewable as they live and grow.
- 57. The biologicalagents Predators such as ladybird beetle,
spiders, dragonflies and mites. Parasites such as Trichogramma,
Braconids Pathogens such as bacteria and fungi which cause diseases
to pest.
- 58. SOME ENENIES OF INSECT PESTS 1. Trichogramma 2. Braconid 3.
Pirate bug 4. Spiders 5. Praying Manthis 6. Birds 7. Frogs
etc.
- 59. Types of Biopesticides Microbial pesticides consist of a
microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan) as
the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many
different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient
is relatively specific for its target pest[s]. For example, there
are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill
specific insects. Example BT Biochemical pesticides are naturally
occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms.
Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic
materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical
pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones Plant
pesticides are pesticidal substances that plants produce from
genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example,
scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and
introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material
- 60. Types of Biopesticides Microbial pesticides consist of a
microorganism (e.g., a bacterium, fungus, virus, or protozoan) as
the active ingredient. Microbial pesticides can control many
different kinds of pests, although each separate active ingredient
is relatively specific for its target pest[s]. For example, there
are fungi that control certain weeds, and other fungi that kill
specific insects. Example BT Biochemical pesticides are naturally
occurring substances that control pests by non-toxic mechanisms.
Conventional pesticides, by contrast, are generally synthetic
materials that directly kill or inactivate the pest. Biochemical
pesticides include substances, such as insect sex pheromones Plant
pesticides are pesticidal substances that plants produce from
genetic material that has been added to the plant. For example,
scientists can take the gene for the Bt pesticidal protein and
introduce the gene into the plant's own genetic material
- 61. Here is a short list of plants that can be effective
against a wide range of insect pest. 1. GOAT WEED (Aegaratum
conisoides) Leaves 2. DAMONG MARIA (Artemesia vulgaris) Leaves
mango tip borer. 3. LANTANA (Lantana camara) Flowers 4. DITA
(Derris philippinensis) Roots 5. WILD SUNFLOWER (Tethornia
diversifolia) Leaves 6. MARIGOLD (Targetes erecta) Roots 7. BLACK
PEPPER (Piper nigrum) Fruits 8. HOT PEPPER (Capscium frutesens)
Fruit 9. CUSTARD (Annona aquamosa) Seeds 10. NEEM (Azadiracta
indica) Seeds 11. Tobacco Leaves 12.GARLIC (Allium sativum) Cloves
13. AMARANTH (Amaranthus gracilis) Leaves 14.PAPAYA (Carica papaya)
Leaves 15.GINGER (Zingiber officianale) Rhizome 16.RED ONION
(Allium sepa) Bulb
- 62. CONCLUSION We can now grow our crops, following the natural
law and adopt Natural Organic and Biological Farming Systems that
are self sustaining, production cost reduction, and healthful
organic food crops that are very much in demand in the domestic and
export market today. We can grow healthful crops. at lower
cost.
- 63. Presentation Prepared By: Mr. Allah Dad Khan Agriculture
Expert Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Email: allahdad52@gmail.com
Mobile: 03329221298 Tel. No. 091-9221157