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transcript
A greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland
Talking and Walking SustainabilityAuckland
21 – 23 February 2007
Patrícia Vasconcelos
Greenway linear green open space
alternative route for travel with non-motorised vehicles
landscape connector
multi-functional
Contents
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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Greenways and urban sustainability
Methodology
Case study – Auckland Isthmus
Conclusions
Greenways and urban sustainability
Topics for urban sustainability
Greenway benefits:- environmental- economical- social
Urban sustainability
Greenway network
- Quality of life- Land use planning- Greener urban environments- Open spaces- Connections- Sense of identity and of belonging- Sustainable transport system
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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MethodologyNone existing
Proposed methodology
based on:
interpretation of landscape(Forman & Godron)
network abstract system:
nodes demand areas
links greenways
guided GIS-based approach
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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1) Identification of goal and objectiveswhat is hoped the greenway network will be and what purposes it will serve
2) Land cover assessmentdemand areas identification, node generation
3) Nodal analysisnode weight calculation, choice of nodes
4) Connectivity analysisconnectivity calculation Gravity model
5) Network generationconnectivity, cost to user, cost to builder
6) Evaluation of the outputschoice of most appropriate greenway network
Major steps of the methodology
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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Case study – Auckland Isthmus
Auckland region: 1,223,200 inhabitants => 31% of NZ populationAuckland Isthmus: 420,700 inhabitants, area = 157.34 km2
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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Goal:
to improve urban sustainability of Auckland Isthmus
Objectives:
to provide a sustainable alternative transport route
to protect land from development
to preserve open and green spaces
improve their accessibility
1) Identification of goal and objectives
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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to link:
open spaces
green spaces
schools
commercial facilities
community facilities
expressed intention of Auckland City Council
Objectives (cont.)
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Node Class Node Class1 open spaces 7 entertainment 2 green spaces 83 recreation 9 health4 commercial 10 business 5 universities 11 Auckland central area6 schools 12 railway and bus
stations
institutional
Total of nodes: 4,889
Total of node classes: 12
2) Land cover assessment
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criterion: area
Inventory of possible greenway benefits
Ranking of benefits – choice of most relevant
Calculation of node class weight – NCW
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32 chosen
NW =N area
T area
×NCW
Choice of nodes
Calculation of node weight – NW
Sustainability value
3) Nodal analysis
Based on the relevance of the node class towards the goal of the network
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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Representation of all nodes by their NW
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Based on:
Node weight (NW)
Distance (D)
Viability of potential links
links ≤ 1.5 km length
Generation of viable links: 587,602
Determination of connectivity (C):
Gravity model:Cab=
NW a×NW b
Dab2
4) Connectivity analysis
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guided GIS-based approach
user specifies strategic nodes
route function
cost: connectivity
based on maximum viable greenway network, i.e. all viable links
7 alternative greenway networks – A to G
5) Network generation
Greenways and urban sustainability=>Methodology=>Case study=>Conclusions
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Greenway network – F
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Greenway network – C
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Same main skeleton!
From network A to network G:
cost to builder decreases
cost to user increases
Multi-circuit networks
cross town links
Master plan:
greenway network F
upgrading until C is reached
6) Evaluation of the outputs
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Greenways are a valuable tool towards urban sustainability
Conclusions
Master plan of a greenway network for a more sustainable Auckland
guide to effective implementation
Methodology proposedguided GIS-based
node weight, connectivity
flexibleuniversal
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