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A Presentation on
“Culture and Education System of Indonesia”
Prepared By :-
Bhavneshsingh Bhadauriya En. No. – 117460592022
Jayesh Dabhi En. No. – 117460592086
Lila Nitin En. No. – 117460592025
Dharmendra Triphathi En. No. – 117460592048Akabarali Kadiwala En. No. – 117460592040
Kinchit Rai En. No. – 117460592019
Guided By :-
Rubabfatema Saiyed (Asst. Prof.)Submitted To :-
R. B. Institute of Management Studies
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Indonesia The name Indonesia was derived from Latin Indus, meaning "India",
and Greek nesos, meaning "island“
Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago consisting of over thirteen
thousand islands. Around six thousand of the islands are populated.
Present population of Indonesia is 237,641,326 as on May 1, 2010.
The economy is largely based on agriculture, manufacturing and
mining, although growth in these sectors is slowing down.
Other sectors, such as electricity, gas and drinking water, construction,
trade, hotel and restaurant and transport are expected to post an
increasing contribution. Indonesian territory has up to the 12 sea mile limit is estimated at 5.0
million sq km, of which 2.7 million sq km are enclosed marine water
and 0.4 million sq km are open ocean water. The continental cover
water are estimated at 1.5 million sq km and the seashore at 80,791 km.
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Indonesia Capital City Jakarta (+7 GMT)
Chief of State President Susilo Bambang YUDHOYONO.
Currency Indonesian Rupiah
Major Languages Bahasa Indonesia, English, Dutch, Javanese,
and other local dialects.
Primary Religions Muslim, Protestant, Roman Catholic, Hindu,
Buddhist.
Main Airports Bali, Denpasar (DPS) (Ngurah Rai), Java,
Jakarta (CGK) (Soekarno-Hatta)
Indonesia Coastline 54,720 km
Population The population of Indonesia was estimatedat 237,641,326 as on May 1, 2010
Famous Tourist Attractions Bali, Ubud, Jakarta, North Sulawesi and
Kalimantan.
Best Time to Visit Between May to September.
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Islands in Indonesia
Kalimantan (539,450 sq.km)Sumatra (473,606 sq.km)Papua (421,952 sq.km)Sulawesi (189,035 sq.km)Java including Madura (132,035 sq.km)
Forest in Indonesia
The forest shade reaches heights of 40 to 50 meters, with some treesup to 60 or 70 meters high.
There are more than 1,500 varieties of birds, 500 mammals, 3,000fishes, 10,000 trees in Indonesia.
Wildlife variety such as the Tiger, Tapir, Asian Elephant, Asian Two-horned Rhinoceros, Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros, Otter-Civet andFalse Gharial (Panthera tigris, Tapirus indicus, Elephas maximus,Dicerorhinus sumatrensis, Rhinoceros sondaicus, Cynogale bennettiiand Tomistoma
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CULTURE SYSTEM OF INDONESIA
Symbolism
The national motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, is an old Javanese
expression usually translated as "unity in diversity" first formulated by
President Sukarno in 1945.
Base on Five Principles:
Belief in one supreme God;
Just and civilized humanitarianism;
Indonesian unity;
Popular independence governed by wise policies arrived at through
consideration and representation; and
Social justice for all Indonesian people. Indonesia was clear from the
beginning as the successor of the Netherlands East Indies. sion usually
translated as "unity in diversity."
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National Identity
Ethnic groups
Religion
Group %
Javanese 40.6%,
Sundanese 15%
Madurese 3.3%,Minangkabau 2.7%,
Betawi 2.4%,
Bugis 2.4%,
Banten 2%
Banjar 1.7%
other or unspecified 29.9%
Religion %
Muslim 86.1%,
Protestant 5.7%,
Roman Catholic 3%,
Hindu 1.8%,
Other or unspecified 3.4%
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Indonesian Unit
In Indonesia nuclear family of husband, wife, and
children is the most extensive domestic unit.
An omission is the traditional, pastoral matrilineal
Minangkabau, for whom the domestic unit still
comprises co resident females around a grandmother
with married and unmarried daughters and sons in a
large long-established house.
Husband come only as visitors to their wife's hearth
in the house.
Some societies, such as the Karo of Sumatra, exist inbig houses with multiple hearths and bedchambers
that belong to connected or even distinct nuclear
family units.
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• Inheritance Muslim inheritance favors males over females as do the background
of many traditional societies.
Inheritance disputes, related to divorces, might be handled in Muslimbench, civil bench, or customary village ways.
Tradition generally favors males, but actual practice frequently give
females inheritance.
Indonesia is many areas soil is communal assets of a relatives or
local group, while household goods, personal items, or familiar productive tools or individual inheritable assets. Indonesia some
places economic trees, such as rubber, may be myself owned, while
rice soil is communally held.
• Relative Groups
• Indonesia ethnic groups have strong relationship grouping based
upon Patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral descent. Such peoples are
primarily in Sumatra, Maluku, Sulawesi, and the Eastern Lesser
Sundas.
• Indonesia is a primal loyalty is relationship.
• Government does not provide social security, joblessness insurance,
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Socialization
Guests are served with a slight bow, and elders are passed by juniors with a bow.
Handshakes are suitable between men, but a soft feel.
Confrontation should be met with smiles and quiet manner, and direct eye
contact should be avoided, especially with social superiors.
Indonesians speak of rubber time and can be careful impolite.
In public, opposite genderal characteristics are rarely seen holding hands, while
male or female friends of the same gender do hold hands.
Social servants wear neat uniforms to work, as do schoolchildren and teachers.
Bugis do not admiration persons who smile and remove in the face of challenges,
as the Javanese tend to do; they admiration those who protect their credit even
violently, particularly the honor of their women.
Consequently difference between the Javanese and others over issues of etiquette
and actions is probable. A Javanese wife of a Batak man may not respond gently
to his visiting brother expecting to be served and to have his laundry done
without thanks; a youthful Javanese may smile and greet graciously a young
Bugis young woman, which can draw the ire of her brother or cousin; a Batak
civil servant may clothing down his Javanese subordinate openly.
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Religious Beliefs
Spiritual cults are well recognized among the Javanese leaders and middle class,
and members of many ethnic groups still follow traditional belief systems.
In the Indonesia the Javanese are predominantly Muslim, although many areCatholic or Protestant, and many Chinese in Java and somewhere else are
Christian, mainly Protestant.
Islam in Indonesia is of the Sunni variety, with small hierarchical direction. Two
most important Muslim organizations, (1)Nahdatul Ulama (NU) and
(2)Muhammadiyah, equally found in Java, have play an important responsibility
in learning, the follower of freedom effort, and policy after freedom.
Christians have held important civil, military, thinker, and business
positions; Christian minor schools and universities are famous and
have skilled children of the leaders.
In places such as center Kalimantan and Sulawesi, a number of people and group renewed to single of the world religions, but others
required administration thanks for a resourceful fixed religious
conviction during together local and state politicking.
Christians and Muslims follow the chief holidays of their faiths, and in
Makassar; for pattern, the same decorative illumination is left up for celebrating both Idu-l-Fitra and Christmas. Public calendars list
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In many spaces, citizens of single religious conviction may recognize the
holidays of a different religion with visits or donations. Churches and
Mosques have the alike facial appearance found in a dissimilar place in
the earth, other than the temples of Bali are extremely unique.
Major Muslim annually ritual are Ramazan (fasting month), Idu-l-Fitra(the end of fasting), and the hajj. Indonesia yearly provides the
maximum amount of pilgrims to Mecca.
Rituals of usual belief system score life cycle dealings or occupy
propitiation for exacting occasions and are lead by shamans, strength
mediums, or appeal masters (male or female).
Death and the spirit world
It is widely made-up that the quiet may power the existing in a variety
of conduct, and funerals provide to ensure the good channel of the
strength to the afterworld, although cemetery are still considered
potentially risky dwellings for ghosts.
Funerals, similar to marriages, call for a rallying of people, neighbors,
and associates, and surrounded by many ethnic groups social status
may be expressed through the wealth or simplicity of funerals. In
clan-based societies, funerals are occasions for the exchange of gifts
between wife-giving and wife-taking groups.
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Secular Celebrations
The most important national festival is Independence Day 17 August,
which is obvious by parades and displays in Jakarta and regional and
district capitals.
Youth are often well-known. Kartini Day, 21 April, honors Indonesia's
first female emancipationist; schools and women's organizations grasp
activities that day.
New Year's is famous 1 January when businesses close and local fairs
with firework are held in some places.
Western-style dances are held in hotels in cities.
Previously it was celebrated only in homes, though businesses did
close and for two days the activity of Jakarta traffic was stilled.
Local celebrations recognize beginning of cities, historical events and
personages, or heroes , while others mark special events, such as bullracing on Madura and palace processions in Yogyakarta or Surakarta.
On Bali a lunar calendar New Year's Day is celebrated with fasting,
prayer, quiet, and inactivity.
All people must remain indoors and without lights on so that
hazardous spirits will think Bali is empty and will leave.
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The Arts and Humanities
Preservation of art and craft people and objects, such as house structural design,
batik and tie-dye weaving, wood carving, silver and gold working, statuary, puppets,
and basketry, are under threat from the global arts and crafts market, local demands
for cash, and altering resident values.
Indonesia's literary inheritance includes centuries-old palm, bamboo, and other fiber
manuscripts from numerous literate peoples, such as the Malay, Javanese, Balinese,
Buginese, Rejang, and Batak.
The 14th century Nagarakrtagama is a long poem approving King Hayam Wuruk and
describing the life and social constitution of his kingdom, Majapahit
The most well-known is Pramoedya Ananta Toer, a supporter of independence
who had also been locked up by the Dutch from 1947 to 1949.He collected
books as stories told to fellow prisoners in separate on the island of Buru from
1965 to 1979.
Four of his novels, the Buru Quartet, published between 1980 and 1988 in
Indonesian, are rich documentaries of life in turn-of-the-century colonial Java.
They were disqualified in Indonesia during the New Order. Pram received a
PEN Freedom-to-Write Award in 1988 and a Magsaysay Award in 1995.
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Graphic Arts
Wood carving is more general. May be the most common carving is in the urban
furniture.
statues of people, deities, and animals, many of which are daintily creative, sometired.
Traditional hand-puppet or animal carvings of the mountain Batak of Sumatra or
the upriver Dayak of Kalimantan are now mostly for tourists, though they once
showed rich creativity.
Among present-day urban artists, painting on canvas or making batik is muchmore common than making figure.
Indonesian textiles are becoming more widely known overseas. Batik is the
Javanese word for "dot" or "stipple"; ikat, a Malay-Indonesian word for "to tie," is
a kind of cloth that is tie-dyed before weaving.
Batik cloth varies very much in creativity, clarification, excellence, and cost.Formal occasions need that Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese women wear
whole cloths wrapped richly to form a go round.
Men at the present time do so only at their marriage. Long-sleeved batik shirts
are now established official social wear for men of all ethnic backgrounds,
though official wear for men also includes civil service uniforms, shirts andties, or Western suits.
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Performance Arts
Performance arts are different and consist of: Javanese and Balinese gong-chime
orchestras and shadow plays, Sundanese bamboo orchestras , Muslim orchestral
music at family proceedings or Muslim holiday happiness, trance dances fromeast Java, the spectacular barong dance or the chimpanzee dances for tourists on
Bali, Batak puppet dances, horse puppet dances of south Sumatra, Rotinese
singers with lontar leaf mandolins, and the dances for formal procedure and life-
cycle proceedings performed by Indonesia's many outer island ethnic groups.
Modern theater, dance, and music are most active in Jakarta and Yogyakarta, but
less normal elsewhere. Jakarta's Taman Ismail Marzuki, a national center for the
arts, has four theaters, a dance studio, an exhibition hall, small studios, and
residences for administrators.
Indonesia is the Javanese and Balinese shadow Puppet Theater based on the
Ramayana epic, with its shining puppeteers who may manipulate over a hundred
puppets in throughout the night oral performances accompanied by a gamelangroup.
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EDUCATION SYSTEM OF INDONESIA
Education in Indonesia is under the duty of the Ministry of Education and
Culture and the Ministry of Religious Affairs.
In that there is 90.4% literacy level in Indonesia, in that male education
literacy level 94% and female literacy level 86.8% of total population as per
2010 census.
In Indonesia age 15 and over can read and write so it increases literacy level
of Indonesia.
Literacy
Definition : Age 15 and over can read and write
Total population : 90.4%
Male : 94%
Female : 86.8% Education expenditures : 2.8% of GDP
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Top University in Indonesia
Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB)
University of Indonesia (UI)
Gadjah Mada University (UGM)
Gunadarma University (UG)
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)
Diponegoro University (Undip)
Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS)
Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)
Universitas Airlangga (Unair) Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
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School grades
Level/Grade Typical age
Preschool
Pre-school playgroup 3-4
Kindergarten 4-6
Primary School
1st Grade 6 – 7
2nd Grade 7 – 8
3rd Grade 8 – 9
4th Grade 9 – 10
5th Grade 10 – 11
6th Grade 11 – 12
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Middle School 7th grade 12-13 8th Grade 13-14 9th Grade 14-15
High School 10th Grade 15 –16 11th Grade
16
–
17
12th Grade 17 –18 Post-secondary education
Tertiary education (College or
University)
Ages vary (usually four years,
referred to as Freshman,
Sophomore, Junior and
Senior years) Graduate education
Adult education
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School hours
Schools are also open six days a week in Indonesia from Monday to Saturday.
As well as their usual study, children can choose to join extra activities after
school hours. Children can learn traditional dances, join gamelan orchestras or spend time
playing their favorite sports.
Subjects
All students learn Bahasa Indonesia which is the official language of Indonesia.
In regional areas, students may also study the local language and in high school
students learn English, which is the official foreign language.
As well as languages, most students study maths, science,
geography, history, arts and crafts. Some schools offer sports like
soccer and volleyball but these tend to be larger private schools that
can afford playing fields.
All children in Indonesia are also required to study Pancasila, the five
guiding principles of the Indonesian government.
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Types of Education
The system consists of seven types of education, they are:
(1) General education prioritizes expansion of general knowledge and
improvement of skills for the student. Specialization is also needed in the lastgrade;
(2) occupational/technical education prepares students in mastering a number
of definite occupational/technical skills needed for employment;
(3) Special education provides important skills and abilities for students with
substantial and/or mental disabilities;
(4) Service-related education aims at increasing abilities required for a
government official or a candidate to apply a certain task;
(5) Religious education prepares students to play a role which demand the
mastery of specific information about religion and related subject;
(6) Academic-oriented education focuses primarily on improving the mastery
of science; and
(7) Professional education prepares students primarily on mastering
specialized or job-related knowledge and skills.
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Comparison between India and Indonesia
Comparison on the basis of culture system of India and Indonesia
Indian national motto is “Vasudev Kutumbakam” it means “all world is
one family” but in Indonesia national motto, Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, is an
old Javanese expression usually translated as "unity in diversity.“
Indian peoples believe in Dharma, Customs, Beliefs, traditions,
languages, arts, values,. While in Indonesian people follow manycultural practices and being influenced by Hinduism Buddhism,
Confucianism, and Christianity.
Music is a integral part of india’s culture, Natyasastra, In samved
different type of music mention, while as in Indonesia it is a home of
music, the traditional music of central and east Java and Bali is thegamelan.
There are different dance pattern in india as per different religions and
areas, and same in Indonesia their dance pattern change as per religions
and areas.
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. India and Indonesia both nation’s have culture nuclear family of husband, wife,
and children is the most extensive domestic unit. Inadia and Indonesia domestic
unit has as common among remote peoples as among urbanites, and is also
different to the attendance or nonexistence of clan in a society. In Indonesia whether serving tea to guests, while india is concern with tea or
coffee and sweet water or cold drink to the guests, only the right hand is used to
give or receive, following people. In Indonesia Guests are served with a slight
bow, and elders are passed by juniors with a bow while in India same system
followed by people but the most work done by the women of house.
In Indonesia handshakes are suitable between men, but a soft feel, in India is
touch the foot of elders and say “Namastey” and handshakes with same age
people and meet with soft feel.
In Indian people is wearing clothes as per there beliefs and there cultural manner
people are more focuses on there religion beliefs lik people of shikh religion
wear Punjabi suit, Hindu wear there beliefs and Muslims are wear pathani suits.
While in Indonesia Batik cloth varies very much in creativity, clarification,
excellence, and cost. Formal occasions need that Javanese, Sundanese and
Balinese women wear whole cloths wrapped richly to form a go round. Men at
the present time do so only at their marriage
ompar son uca on sys em o
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ompar son uca on sys em oIndia and Indonesia
Average years of schooling of adults in Indonesia is 5 and india is 5.1 is the years of
formal schooling received.
Duration of compulsory education is the number of years that child must legally be
enrolled in school in India is 8 years and Indonesia is 9 years.
Duration of Primary Education is the 6 years in India and 6 years in Indonesia in
primary education.
Duration of Secondary Education is the 5 years in India and 6 Years in Indonesia in
general secondary education.
Government Education Expenditure (% of GDP, 2000-2002) in India is 4.1% and
Indonesia is 1.2%.
Public Education Expenditure as a 12.7% in India and 9% in Indonesia of overall
government expenditure.
Girls enrolment share, primary level is the number of girls enrolled in primaryschool, expressed as a 43.6% in India and 48.6% in Indonesia of the total number of
pupils in primary school.
Girls enrolment share, secondary level is the number of girls enrolled in primary
school, expressed as a
39.6% in India and 48.8% in Indonesia of the total number of pupils in secondaryschool.
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1051 hours in India and 1064 hours in Indonesia of instruction per year for 9 year for 9 year
old in public educational institutions. Data 2000.
77.883% of India and 76.916% of Indonesia score based upon test results of the Geography
challenge, an online geography quize game.
1176 Hours in India and 1323 hours in Indonesia of instruction per year for 14 year olds inpublic educational institutions. Data for 2000.
40.5% in India and 11.6% in Indonesia literacy rates by Sex, Aged 15+
39% of girls in India and 8% of girls in Indonesia is out of school from primary school.
Public expenditure per student, primary level is the total reported current spending by the
government on primary education, divided by the total number of pupils in primaryeducation, expressed as a 7.2% of per capita GDP in India and 3.2% of per capita GDP in
Indonesia.
40.2% in India and 20.13% in Indonesia to Primary school pupil-teacher ratio is the number
of pupils enrolled in primary school divided by the number of primary school teachers
(regardless of their teaching assignment).
Average 42 Weeks in India and 44 weeks in Indonesia per year by teaching primary level
teachers. Data for 2000.
Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary level is the sum of all tertiary level students enrolled at the
start of the school year, expressed as a 10.5% in India and 14.6% in Indonesia of the mid-
year population in the 5 year age group after the official secondary school leaving age.
Women to men parity index, as 68% of literacy rates in India and 94% of literacy rates in-
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