Accelerator R&DAccelerator R&D

• FFAGs........EMMA, PAMELA, ADSR, etc

• Target studies.........neutrons for BNCT, ADSR, security, etc

NS FFAGsNS FFAGs

• Non-Scaling Fixed Field Alternating Gradient

• Invented for muon acceleration in a Neutrino Factory

Also interesting for other applications.

For example:hadron therapyADSRProton acceleration

NS FFAGsNS FFAGs

• But.....novel features.......must build PoP machine

• Not cheap, so where does the funding come from?

• Exploit KE possibilities, via BT fund

• CONFORM consortium: £8.2M

Build PoP machine – EMMA

Design Hadron therapy machine – PAMELA

Study other applications, mainly ADSR and muons

Started 1st April 2007, finish March 2011.

EMMAEMMA

EMMA StatusEMMA Status

• Being commissioned

• Beam has made many turns at fixed energy

• Acceleration being worked on....will restart in Jan

• “2 year” experimental programme to follow,subject to funding

EMMA Control room22:45 on 22nd June

4-sector commissioning

PAMELAPAMELA

PAMELA StatusPAMELA Status

• Design study finished and being written up

• Next step - prototyping:

Ring magnet

RF cavity

Extraction kicker

• There is interesting in building it

ADSRADSR

AcceleratorAccelerator

• Crucial component

• 10MW

well beyond state-of-the-art

• 99.9% reliability

unheard of!

needs redundancy

• Only two candidates:

linear accelerator ← expensive

FFAG ← build ~3 for same price

H

A

BC

DE

FG

HH

cA cB

cC

cD

cE cFcG cH

A 1. ,4.88616 B 2.674 ,4.20703 C 3.03267 ,3.85867 D 3.43662 ,3.43662 E 1. ,3.2672 F 2.00856 ,2.8764 G 2.2306 ,2.67393 H2.45023 ,2.45023 cA 1. ,5.37477 cB 3.25798 ,5.37477 cC 3.31087 ,4.2696 cD 3.79024 ,3.79024 cE 1. ,2.58876 cF 1.86471 ,2.58876 cG 2.03113 ,2.37929 cH2.20521 ,2.20521

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2m

800 1000 1200 1400 1600P , MeV c

1 .0

1 .5

2 .0

2 .5

3 .0v

1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0P , MeV c

4 .0

4 .5

5 .0

Rav g

Parameter 250 MeV 585 MeV 1000 MeV

Avg. Radius (m) 3.419 4.307 5.030

Cell x / y  (2 rad)Ring.

0.380/0.2371.520/0.948

0.400/0.1491.600/0.596

0.383/0.2421.532/0.968

Field F/D (T) 1.62/-0.14 2.06/-0.31 2.35/-0.42

Magnet Size F/D Inj 1.17/0.38 1.59/0.79 1.94/1.14

• Comments and further work– Tracking results indicate ~50-100 mm-mr; relatively

insensitive to errors– Low losses :

General Parameters of an initial 0. 250 – 1 GeV non-scaling, isochronous FFAG lattice design

 

Clockwise: Ring tune from design script, deviation from isochronous

orbit (%), and radius vs. momentum

1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 1 6 0 0P , MeV c0 .0 1

0 .0 2

0 .0 3

0 .0 4

0 .0 5

0 .0 6

0 .0 7

D Rad

Isochronous 250-1000 MeV NS FFAG Ring

Corporation

Particle Accelerator

Target StudiesTarget Studies

• Most likely show-stopper for a Neutrino Factory

• 4MW beam, 0.75MW in target, 300J/cm3 Thermal shock: >1GPa – exceeds tensile strength Temperature: 100K/pulse, 50 pulses/s Radiation damage

Radiation safety!

• Solution found using tungsten

• Has involved:

modelling of energy deposition, stress waves, etc

measurements of shock and cf with modelling

simulation of pion, neutron, etc, production

activation studies, shielding requirements

cooling studies

Target StudiesTarget Studies

Measured Young’s Modulus & yield strength of W and Ta at higher temp and strain rate than anybody else.

Expertise gained applicable elsewhere.

BNCTBNCT

BBoron oron NNeutron eutron CCapture apture TTherapy herapy

• Used, for example, to treat “glio-blastoma multiforme”

• Use boron-10: stable, but fissions with a thermal neutron

Needs a lot of ns:

1x109 cm-2s-1 for 30mins

Only current source: nuclear reactor!

Possible with accelerators: 5mA

protons at ~2.5MeV 12.5kW in ~100m

• Accelerator & BNCT facility exist in Bham

• Project to upgrade starting: aim clinical trials

BNCTBNCT

Other Target ActivitiesOther Target Activities

• Thermal neutrons for

ADSR

Waste transmutation

Security applications

• Goran Skoro: possible next ISIS target expert