AcidsLesson 17Titrations

 A standard solution is a solution of known molarity. A primary standard is a solution that is made by weighing a pure solid and diluting in a volumetric flask.  A secondary standard requires a titration to calibrate its concentration. This standard was made using an acid or base with suspect purity.

Primary standards are made from pure solids as gases and liquids are difficult to work with.

Not suitable Example ReasonArrhenius bases NaOH HydroscopicStrong acids HCl volatile liquids or gases Suitablesolid bronsted bases Na2CO3 pure solidsolid weak acids H2C2O4 pure solid

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2 C

2 O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2 SO

4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2 C

2 O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2 SO

4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2 C

2 O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2 C

2 O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH 3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na 2

CO

3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl (g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5

COOH (s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5COOH(s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5COOH(s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC 6H 5

COO (s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Primary Standard Secondary Standard 

 

 

 

H2C2O4(s)

HCl(g)

C6H5COOH(s)

Na2CO3(s)

H2SO4(l)

KC6H5COO(s)

NH3(g)

NaOH(s)

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L x 0.100 mole 1 L

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L x 0.100 mole x 126 g 1 L 1 mole

Preparing a Primary Standard

1. Calculate the mass of H2C2O4.2H2O require to prepare

100.0 mL of 0.100 M standard solution.

0.1000 L x 0.100 mole x 126 g = 1.26 g1 L 1 mole

Titration Calculation

2. 6.50 mL of 0.100 M H2C2O4 is required to neutralize 10.0 mL of KOH solution in a titration. Calculate the base concentration.

H2C2O4 + 2NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2H2O0.00650 L 0.0100 L0.100 M ? M

[KOH] = 0.00650 L H2C2O4

Titration Calculation

2. 6.50 mL of 0.100 M H2C2O4 is required to neutralize 10.0 mL of KOH solution in a titration. Calculate the base concentration.

H2C2O4 + 2NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2H2O0.00650 L 0.0100 L0.100 M ? M

[KOH] = 0.00650 L H2C2O4 x 0.100 mole 1 L

= 0.130 MFinish and hand in your report. Check your sig figs- should be 3. Make sure your work is perfect. Does all of your data have units? Make sure your unknown letter is recorded. Put away 10 pieces of glassware from the side of the room!

Titration Calculation

2. 6.50 mL of 0.100 M H2C2O4 is required to neutralize 10.0 mL of KOH solution in a titration. Calculate the base concentration.

H2C2O4 + 2NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2H2O0.00650 L 0.0100 L0.100 M ? M

[KOH] = 0.00650 L H2C2O4 x 0.100 mole x 2 mole KOH 1 L 1 mole H2C2O4

= 0.130 MFinish and hand in your report. Check your sig figs- should be 3. Make sure your work is perfect. Does all of your data have units? Make sure your unknown letter is recorded. Put away 10 pieces of glassware from the side of the room!

Titration Calculation

2. 6.50 mL of 0.100 M H2C2O4 is required to neutralize 10.0 mL of KOH solution in a titration. Calculate the base concentration.

H2C2O4 + 2NaOH Na2C2O4 + 2H2O0.00650 L 0.0100 L0.100 M ? M

[KOH] = 0.00650 L H2C2O4 x 0.100 mole x 2 mole KOH 1 L 1 mole H2C2O4

0.0100 L= 0.130 M

Finish and hand in your report. Check your sig figs- should be 3. Make sure your work is perfect. Does all of your data have units? Make sure your unknown letter is recorded. Put away 10 pieces of glassware from the side of the room!