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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
2 (32) © Nokia Corporation DN99595465
Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 8en
The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes onlythe product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intendedfor the use of Nokia's customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which thedocumentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced or transmitted in any form ormeans without the prior written permission of Nokia. The documentation has been prepared tobe used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes fullresponsibility when using it. Nokia welcomes customer comments as part of the process ofcontinuous development and improvement of the documentation.
The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity,or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products cannot be considered bindingbut shall be defined in the agreement made between Nokia and the customer. However, Nokiahas made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the documentationare adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia will, if necessary, explain issueswhich may not be covered by the documentation.
Nokia's liability for any errors in the documentation is limited to the documentary correction oferrors. NOKIA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THISDOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL(INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from the use of this documentation orthe information in it.
This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrightaccording to the applicable laws.
NOKIA logo is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation.
Other product names mentioned in this documentation may be trademarks of their respectivecompanies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © Nokia Corporation 2002. All rights reserved.
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DN99595465 © Nokia Corporation 3 (32)
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Hereby, Nokia Corporation, declares that this product is in compliance with theessential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive: 1999/5/EC.
The product is marked with the CE marking and Notified Body number according to the
Directive 1999/5/EC
FCC FCC §15.21 - Information to user - This product is used as an intentional radiated
equipment and any changes or modifications on the equipment without any approval
by Nokia could void the user's authority to operate the equipment.
FCC §15.105 - Information to user - This equipment has been tested and found to
comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC
Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with theinstructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there
is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can
be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the
receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
0523
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
4 (32) © Nokia Corporation DN99595465
Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 8en
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DN99595465 © Nokia Corporation 5 (32)
Issue 8 en Nokia Proprietary and Confidential
Contents
Contents 5
List of tables 6
List of figures 7
1 Introduction 9
2 General description 132.1 Features 132.2 Operation 142.3 Main blocks 14
3 Technical description 173.1 TX branch 173.1.1 Main and Diversity RX Branches 18
4 Interface description 214.1 Front panel LEDs 234.2 Connector X1 (GSM 900: AFEA/D/H/J/M/N) 234.3 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1800: AFEB) 264.4 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1900: AFEL) 27
5 Technical data 295.1 Electrical data 295.2 Dimensions and weight 30
5.3 RF performance values 305.4 Overvoltage protection 315.5 Handling and storage requirements 31
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
6 (32) © Nokia Corporation DN99595465
Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 8en
List of tables
Table 1. AFE versions 9
Table 2. AFE interface connectors 22
Table 3. AFE front panel LEDs 23
Table 4. Connector X1 pin configuration (AFEA/D/H/JM/N) 24
Table 5. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEB) 26
Table 6. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEL) 27
Table 7. Supply voltages and current consumption 29
Table 8. Nominal power consumption 29
Table 9. Dimensions and weight 30
Table 10. RF performance values 30
Table 11. RX frequency ranges 30
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List of figures
Figure 1. AFEx for GSM 900 mechanical outline 10
Figure 2. AFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL GSM 1900 mechanical outline 11
Figure 3. AFE front panel layouts 12
Figure 4. Main functional blocks of the AFE 15
Figure 5. Functional blocks of the TX branch 17
Figure 6. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEx units GSM 900 18
Figure 7. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEB/AFEL GSM 1800/1900 19
Figure 8. Connector X1 (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N) 24
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8 (32) © Nokia Corporation DN99595465
Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 8en
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Introduction
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1 Introduction
The GSM Antenna Filter Extension Unit (AFE) is used in high trafficenvironments where handling high capacity is critical. The AFE allows twotransmitters to attach to a single antenna, thereby doubling capacity. The AFEconfiguration can be used with existing Nokia Talk-family BTS networks toobtain additional transmit channels without adding more antennas.
This document describes the main functions, functional blocks, and externalinterfaces of the AFE. Table 1 versions described in this document are:
The AFE allows either one or two transmitters (TX) to connect to one commonTRX antenna. It comprises two main sections: the RX branch and the TX branch.A diversity RX branch is also included.
Figure 1shows the mechanical outline of the AFEA/D/H/J/M/N (GSM 900).Figure 2shows the mechanical oultine of the AFEB for GSM 1800 and AFEL forGSM 1900.
Table 1. AFE versions
GSM Bands Versions
GSM 900 AFEA/D/H/J/M/N
GSM 1800 AFEB
GSM 1900 AFEL
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Figure 1. AFEx for GSM 900 mechanical outline
DIV RX ANTDIV
TESTDIV RX 1
DIV RX 2
RX 1
TEST
RX ANT
FLT
ALM
OPRTX COMB
TX1
TX2
TEST OUT
RX DUP OUT
ANTENNAWarning !The weight of this unit is 10 kg.
NOK IA 123456789012
X1
RX 2
RX 3
RX 4
DN99595477
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Introduction
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Figure 2. AFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL GSM 1900 mechanical outline
Figure 3shows the front panels of AFEA/D/H/J/M/N unit for GSM 900 and theAFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL unit for GSM 1900.
SKT 1FLT
ALM
OPR
DIV RX ANT
DIVRX 1
DIVRX 2
MAINRX 1
MAINRX 2
MAINRX 3
MAINRX 4MAIN RX ANT
RX DUP OUT
ANTENNA
TX COMB TX
TX 1 TX 2
TEST OUTPUT
DN99595489
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
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Figure 3. AFE front panel layouts
SKT 1FLT
ALM
OPR
DIV RX ANT
DIVRX 1
DIVRX 2
MAINRX 1
MAINRX 2
MAINRX 3
MAINRX 4MAIN RX ANT
RX DUP OUT
ANTENNA
TX COMB TX
TX 1 TX 2
TEST OUTPUT
AFEB GSM 1800 and AFEL for GSM 1900
DN99595492
DIV RX ANT
RX ANT
DIVTEST
TEST
FLT
OPR
ALM
DIV RX 2
RX 1
X1
TX
TX COMB
TX1
TX2
TEST OUT
ANTENNA
RX DUP OUT
WARNING!The weight of this unit is 10 kg.
AFEA/D/H/J/M/N for GSM 900
DIV RX 1
RX 2
RX 3
RX 4
NOKIA 123456789012
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General description
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2 General description
2.1 Features
Following are the main features of the AFE:
• Wideband TX combiner accommodates a maximum of two TX inputs witha removable external link for operation with a single TX.
• The addition of an external link allows for duplex operation of the RX(receive) and TX (transmit) into a common antenna cable.
• Bandpass filtering for RX paths minimizes out-of-band interference in theRX channels.
• Two balancedLow Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) in the main and diversity RXpaths amplify and divide the signals to different receivers.
• LNAs generate alarms to indicate a fault in main and diversity amplifiers.
• Four main RX outputs and two diversity RX outputs support high-capacityconfigurations.
• The bi-directional coupler provides a TX test signal output for thetest/monitor unit.
• TX antenna VSWR monitoring allows for detection of the antennas andcabling.
• In the AFxx units, DC power for the Masthead Amplifier (MHA) issupplied via the Afxx 37-pin D connector. DC power is routed from the
AFxx to the LNA plate, then to the Bias Tee and further to the MHA.
• Test directional couplers for both main and diversity RX paths provide aloop-back facility for testing. A switch directs the loop-back signal eitherto the receiver or to the RX antenna. This allows for estimation of theVoltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) for the RX antenna. (AFEL doesnot have this function).
• Overtemperature alarm indication. (not fitted to AFEB15 from version465387A.510 onwards)
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
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Nokia Proprietary and Confidential Issue 8en
2.2 Operation
The AFE amplifies the received RX and diversity RX signals, it then splits these
signals to output them to the receivers of the transceiver units (TRXs).
The AFE provides both VSWR and power monitoring for the transmitted signaland provides test signal output for the Site Test Monitor (if available). RXantenna monitoring can be implemented on both main and diversity branches if the branches have separate RX antennas (Exception: AFEL). If a common TRXantenna is used, the RX antenna monitoring is carried out by the TX antenna.
Two AFE units can be connected to four TRXs in dual duplex operation, in whichcase the diversity branches of the AFE units remain unconnected. One AFE unitfeeds the main branches of the TRXs, while the other AFE unit feeds the diversitybranches of the TRXs.
2.3 Main blocks
The AFE consists of two main functional blocks: the TX branch and the RXbranch. See Figure 4.
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General description
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Figure 4. Main functional blocks of the AFE
DIV RX 1
DIV RX 2
ANTENNA
TEST OUT (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)TEST OUPUT(AFEB/L)
RX DUP OUT
TX 1
TX 2
TX COMB
DIV TEST (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)
(MAIN) RX1
(MAIN) RX2
(MAIN) RX3
(MAIN) RX4
TEST (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)
RX ANT (AFE A/D/H/J/M/N)MAIN RX ANT (AFEB/L)
DIV RX ANT
TX
TX BRANCH
RX BRANCHMain & Diversity
(Not on AFEB/AFEL)
(Not on AFEB/AFEL)
DN99595508
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
16 (32) © Nokia Corporation DN99595465
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Technical description
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3 Technical description
3.1 TX branch
The AFE TX branch contains two functional blocks, an integrated duplexer and
a wideband combiner (3 dB hybrid), to double the transmit capacity. See Figure 5.
Figure 5. Functional blocks of the TX branch
Each TX input contains an isolator which blocks interference from the antenna tothe transmitters (TXs) and between two TXs.
The 3 dB hybrid can be used to combine two TXs. When only one TX is used, the3 dB hybrid can be bypassed, which increases the maximum output power by 3dB.
3
d B H
y b r i
d
TX1
TX2
TX COMB
TX
Power/VSWR
ANTENNA
TEST OUTTEST OUTPUT
RF DUP OUTTO RX BRANCH
X1/SKT1
BI-DIRECTIONAL COUPLER
DUPLEX FILTER
DN99595511
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE
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The duplex filter connects the TX and RX branches to the common antenna,provides 30 dB (minimum) isolation between the RX and TX branches, andrejects TX noise outside the TX band.
The bi-directional coupler provides the test signal output for the test/monitor unitand the monitoring function for the common antenna. Antenna Voltage StandingWave Ratio (VSWR) monitoring is based on a forward and reflected powermeasurement.
3.1.1 Main and Diversity RX Branches
For both the main and diversity RX branches:
• The AFE units for GSM 900 and GSM 1800 applications include a testmodule (RF-switched bi-directional coupler).
• All AFE units include an RX filter and a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA)module.
Figure 6. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEx units GSM 900
DN99595523
RX ANTMAIN RX ANT
TESTTEST MAIN
DIV RX ANT
DIV TESTTEST DIV
(MAIN) RX1(MAIN) RX2(MAIN) RX3(MAIN) RX4
RX DUP OUTTestModule
RXFilter
Interface Board
Interface Board
TestModule
RXFilter
Power/Alarms
Power/Alarms
LNA Module
LNA Module
DIV RX1
DIV RX2
X1/SKT1
X1/SKT1
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Technical description
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Figure 7. Functional blocks of RX branch, AFEB/AFEL GSM 1800/1900
Each of the main and diversity RX antenna inputs in GSM 900 and GSM 1800systems has a test directional coupler. A switch is provided in the test module to
connect the loopback signal either directly to the receiver or to the RX antenna.
The RX antenna VSWR can be estimated when using the RX path loopback function by comparing the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) level to thelevel obtained when the signal is coupled to the antenna and subsequentlyreflected back to the receiver. This switching is controlled by a DC voltageapplied to the center pin of the TEST connector. If a common antenna is beingused for RX and TX (i.e., if the duplexer is in use), the TX antenna supervisingfunction is used to determine VSWR.
The MHA receives a DC bias voltage from the center conductor of the RX mainor diversity antenna feeder cable. This bias is provided via the 37-pin D connectorand a Bias Tee in the AFxx units.
The RX filter is a passive filter mounted into a metal cast.
The LNA is a low noise balanced amplifier which forms the front end of thereceiver chain in both the normal and diversity branches. The LNA takes thesignal from the band-pass filter and provides low noise amplification to four RXoutputs in the main branch and two RX outputs in the diversity branch. Fromthese outputs, the signals are connected to the RX module inputs in the TRX unit.Bias voltages in each stage of the amplifier are monitored to provide an alarmsignal in the event of a failure.
MAIN RX ANT
DIV RX ANT
MAIN RX1MAIN RX2
MAIN RX3MAIN RX4
RX DUP OUT
RXFilter
Interface Board
Interface Board
RXFilter
Power/Alarms
Power/Alarms
LNA Module
LNA Module
DIV RX1
DIV RX2
SKT1
SKT1 DN99595535
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Interface description
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4 Interface description
All models of the AFE have LEDs and interface connectors:
• The AFEL (GSM 1900) has 16 interface connectors (15 RF plus 1 powerand control)
• The AFEB 14 has 18 interface connectors (17 RF plus 1 power and
control).
• The AFEB 15 has 16 interface connectors (15 RF plus 1 power andcontrol).
All external interfaces are located on the front panel of the unit.
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Note
* The connectors TEST / TEST MAIN and DIV TEST / TEST DIV are notavailable on the AFEB units.
Table 2. AFE interface connectors
Connector Name Type PurposeANTENNA 7/16 TX/RX antenna connector
TX N Transmitter input in case of one TRX
TX COMB N Combination of two TXs in case of two
TRXs
TX1 N Transmitter 1 in case of two TRXs
TX2 N Transmitter 2 in case of two TRXs
RX DUP OUT N Duplexer RX output
RX ANT / MAIN RX ANT NSMA Main RX path antenna connector (from
duplexer)
DIV RX ANT N Diversity RX path antenna connector
* TEST / TEST MAIN
[Note: For GSM 900/1800
systems only.]
SMA Main RX path test input (from Site Test
Monitor)
* DIV TEST / TEST DIV
[Note: For GSM 900/1800
systems only.]
SMA Diversity RX path test input (from Site
Test Monitor)
MAIN RX 1 SMA RX 1 output
MAIN RX 2 SMA RX 2 output
MAIN RX 3 SMA RX 3 output
MAIN RX 4 SMA RX 4 output
DIV RX 1 SMA Diversity RX 1 output
DIV RX 2 SMA Diversity RX 2 output
TEST OUT SMA Test output to Site Test Monitor (or
spectrum analyzer in the case of AFEC)
X1/SKT1 37-pin D
connector
Front panel connections for power,
alarms, and controls
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Interface description
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Note
4.1 Front panel LEDs
The colors and explanations of the front panel LEDs are given in Table 3
MHA alarms have no effect on front panel LEDs.
4.2 Connector X1 (GSM 900: AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)
The pin configuration of the X1 connector on the AFEA/D/H/J/M/N front panelis detailed in Figure 8and Table 4.
Table 3. AFE front panel LEDs
Color Code Explanation
Red FLT Fault (failure of both main and diversity LNA or
overtemperature alarm)
Yellow ALM Alarm (degraded LNA performance)
Green OPR Normal operation
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Figure 8. Connector X1 (AFEA/D/H/J/M/N)
Warning !Theweightofthis unitis10 kg.
X1
1
19
20
37
Ground
VSWR Sense Voltage
Ground
MHP Control(Div.)
+12V
Ground
MHP Control(Main)
Ground-12V
DN99595547
Table 4. Connector X1 pin configuration (AFEA/D/H/JM/N)
Pin Signal Description
1 DGND Digital ground
2 VSWR REF V VSWR sense voltage from combiner
3 TEMP AL Temperature alarm from combiner
4 1 LAN AL1 First level alarm from diversity LNA
5 1LNA AL2 Second level alarm from diversity LNA
6 1MHA AL Diversity branch MHA alarm
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Interface description
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7 1MHA CONTROL Diversity branch MHA power control
8 1LNA TEST1 Diversity LNA test line 1
9 1LNA TEST2 Diversity LNA test line 2
10 1LNA TEST3 Diversity LNA test line 3
11 1LNA TEST4 Diversity LNA test line 4
12-17 NOT USED
18 +12 V Power supply +12 V
19 AGND Analog ground
20 DGND Digital ground21 2LNA AL1 First level alarm from main LNA
22 1LNA AL2 Second level alarm from main LNA
23 2MHA AL Main branch MHA alarm
24 2MHA CONTROL Main branch MHA power control
25 2LNA TEST1 Main LNA test line 1
26 2LNA TEST2 Main LNA test line 2
27 2LNA TEST3 Main LNA test line 3
28 2LNA TEST4 Main LNA test line 4
29-35 NOT USED
36 -12 V Power supply -12 V
37 AGND Analog ground
Table 4. Connector X1 pin configuration (AFEA/D/H/JM/N) (Continued)
Pin Signal Description
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4.3 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1800: AFEB)
Table 5. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEB)
Pin Signal Description
1 NOT USED
2 VSWR REF V VSWR monitor reference voltage
3 TEMP AL Temperature alarm output
(Not fitted to AFEB15 from version 465387A.510
onwards)
4 1LNA AL1 DIV First level alarm from diversity LNA
5 1LNA AL2 DIV Second level alarm from diversity LNA
6 NOT USED
7 NOT USED
8 1LNA TEST1 Diversity LNA test line 1
9 1LNA TEST2 Diversity LNA test line 2
10 1LNA TEST3 Diversity LNA test line 3
11 1LNA TEST4 Diversity LNA test line 4
12 NOT USED
13 NOT USED
14 LRED Red LED alarm
15 LYEL Yellow LED alarm
16 LGRN Green LED alarm
17 NOT USED
18 +12 V Power supply +12 v
19 AGND Analog ground
20 NOT USED
21 2LNA AL1 First level alarm from main LNA
22 2LNA AL2 Second level alarm from main LNA
23 NOT USED
24 NOT USED
25 2LNA TEST1 Main LNA test line 1
26 2LNA TEST2 Main LNA test line 2
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4.4 Connector SKT1 (GSM 1900: AFEL)
27 2LNA TEST3 Main LNA test line 3
28 2LNA TEST4 Main LNA test line 4
29 NOT USED
30 NOT USED
31-35 NOT USED
36 -12 V Power supply -12 V
37 AGND Analog ground
Table 5. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEB) (Continued)
Pin Signal Description
Table 6. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEL)
Pin Signal Description
1 DGND Digital ground
2 VSWR REF V VSWR monitor reference voltage
3 TEMP AL Overtemperature alarm
4 DIV LNA_AL1 Diversity LNA degraded (one LNA branch failed)
5 DIV LNA_AL2 Diversity LNA not functional (both LNA branches
failed)
6 MHP AL DIV Diversity MHP alarm
7 MHP CONT DIV Diversity MHP control
8 TEST1 DIV Diversity LNA test
9 TEST2 DIV “
10 TEST3 DIV “
11 TEST4 DIV “
12 MHP MAIN Power feed for main MHP
13 MHP DIV Power feed for diversity MHP
14 NOT USED
15 NOT USED
16 NOT USED
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17 NOT USED
18 +12 V +12 V input
19 AGND Analog ground (0 V AFEL ref)
20 DGND Digital ground
21 LNA_AL1 Main LNA degraded (one LNA branch failed)
22 LNA_AL2 Main LNA not functional (both LNA branches failed)
23 MHP AL MAIN Main MHP alarm
24 MHP CONT MAIN Main MHP control
25 TEST1 MAIN Main LNA test input26 TEST2 MAIN “
27 TEST3 MAIN “
28 TEST4 MAIN “
29 AGND (MHP
GND MAIN)
Power ground for main MHP
30 AGND (MHP BND
DIV)
Power ground for diversity MHP
31 NOT USED
32 NOT USED
33 NOT USED
34 NOT USED
35 NOT USED
36 -12 V -12 V input
37 AGND Analog ground (0 V AFEL ref)
Table 6. Connector SKT1 pin configuration (AFEL) (Continued)
Pin Signal Description
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Technical data
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5 Technical data
5.1 Electrical data
Table 7. Supply voltages and current consumption
Supply Voltages Typical Current Consumption
N/A AFEA / D / H / J / M / N AFEB / L
-12 V (analog) 200 mA <90 mA
+12 V (analog) 1 A 700 mA
Table 8. Nominal power consumption
Description AFEA / D / H / J / M / N AFEB / L
Power 15 W 10 W; max. 12 W without
MHA board, 15 W with
MHA board
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5.2 Dimensions and weight
5.3 RF performance values
Table 9. Dimensions and weight
DescriptionGSM 900
(AFEA / D / H / J / M / N)
GSM 1800 / 1900
(AFEB / L)
Height 262 mm (10.3 in) 262 mm (10.3 in)
Width 137 mm (5.5 in) 137 mm (5.5 in)
Depth 287.5 mm (11.5 in) max. 314.5 mm (12.4 in)
Weight max. 15 kg (34 lb) max. 10 kg (22 lb)
Table 10. RF performance values
Description
GSM 900
(A F E A / D / H / J
/ M / N)
GSM 1800
(AFEB)
GSM 1900
(AFEL)
Duplex Separation 45 MHz 95 MHz 80 MHz
Duplex Filter
Bandwidth
35 MHz 75 MHz 60 MHz
TX Frequency
Range
925 ... 960 MHz 1805 ... 1880 MHz 1930 ... 1990 MHz
Table 11. RX frequency ranges
Unit RX Frequency Range
AFEA 880 ... 915 MHz
AFEM 880 ... 915 MHz
AFED 888 ... 910 MHz
AFEJ 890 ... 915 MHz
AFEN 891 ... 912.5 MHz
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5.4 Overvoltage protection
Primary overvoltage protection is provided by external circuitry which protectsthe AFE unit from residual voltage.
5.5 Handling and storage requirements
Some high-powered components of the AFE unit contain beryllium oxide. Takecare to avoid damage to these components when handling the AFE unit.
The AFE plug-in unit weighs approximately 15 kg (34 lb). Use caution whenremoving the unit from the sub-rack.
Do not place any magnetic materials within 25 mm (1 in) of the AFE units.
AFEH 897.5 ... 915 MHz
AFEB 1710 ... 1785 MHz
AFEL 1850 ... 1910 MHz
Table 11. RX frequency ranges (Continued)
Unit RX Frequency Range
8/10/2019 Afe combiner
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Antenna filter extension unit AFE