AGRICHEMICAL POISONS

i. Organo phosphorous comp

ii. Chlorinate compounds eg ddt. endriniii. Coal-tar product naphthalene.iv. Herbicide -paraquetv. Metallic compounds aluminium, zinc

phosphide

Aryl phosphates

Alkyl phosphates

ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS COMPOUNDS

i. Aryl phosphates ii.Alkyl phosphates

A. ALKYL Phosphates . Malathion

. Hexaethyl tetraphosphate (HETP)

. Tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP)

. Octamethyl pyrophosphoramide (OMPA)

B. ARYL Phosphates

i. Parathion (Folidol)

ii. Diazinon (Tik-20)

Mode of Action: Poisoning occurs from

a. Inhalation

b. Ingestion

c. Absorption through unbroken skin

Powerful inhibitors of cholinesterase

1.Myoneural junctions

2.Synapses of ganglions

Accumulation of Ach, hyperexcitation of

1. Voluntary Muscles

2. Involuntary muscles

Signs & Symptoms:

The effects are

a.Muscarine like

b.Nicotine like

c.On CNS

MUSCARINE LIKE EFFECTS

i. Respiratory System:

a. Tightness & wheeze in chest.

b. Excessive secretion, pain in chest, dyspnoea, cough, pulmonary oedema, froth from the mouth and nose

c. Symptoms like asthma

ii. GIT:

Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia abdominal cramps, diarrhea

iii. Sweat, lacrimal & salivary glands: Increased secretions

iv. Heart: Bradycardiav. Pupils: Miosisvi. Urinary Bladder: Frequency of

micturation, involuntary micturation

SLUD

The prominent symptoms are SLUD

i. Salivation

ii. Lacrimation

iii. Urination

iv. Dafaecation

II. NICOTINE LIKE EFFECTS

i. Striated muscles: Easy fatigue,

cramps, weakness of muscles of

respiration with dyspnoea & cyanosis

ii. Sympathetic ganglia: pallor,increased

BP

iii. ON CNS

i. Irritability

ii. Restlessness

iii. Fibrillary tremors

iv. Mental confusions & coma

v. Coma with depression of circulatory &

respiratory centres

Chromogenic tears

Red tears may be shed due to

accumulation of porphyrin in

lacrimal glands

TREATMENT1. Decontamination:

Dr. & paramedical staff should wear rubber gloves.

a. The pt is removed from the area & remove all contaminated clothes.

b. The exposed areas are washed with water, soap or mild alkaline sol.

c. Stomach should be washed with or without KMno4

2.Care of Airways

i. Foot end of the patient is raised

ii. Aspiration of secretions

iii. Sometime tracheostomy

iv. Artificial respiration if required

a. Atropine blocks the peripheral

(muscarinic) action of the excessive

acetyl choline but central neuromuscular

actions are unaffected. It is administered

2mg I/v or I/m every 15-30 minutes till

signs of atropinisation occurs. Maximum

dose 12 mg.

3. Antidotes

b. Cholinesterase Reactivators:

Oxime compounds, protopam

(Pralidoxime chloride), pralidoxine

iodide & PAM (Pyridine Aldoxy

methiodate).. Dose 1-2 gm I/v, 25-50mg/

kg for children.

4. Diuretic

5. Barbiturates,Dizepam

PM appearance

. Kerosine like smell

. Demylination of ascending and

descending spinal tracts,degene-

-ration of motor horn cells

MEDICO-LEGAL ASPECT

i. They resist putrefaction & can be detected in exhumed body.

ii. They are used as pesticides vermicides, rodenticides, so easily available & used for suicide.

iii. Accidental cases occur in workers, working infield, handling with sprayed fruit.

ii. CHLORINATED COMPOUNDS

• They are synthetised from dichloropropene (DD). The important poisons in this group are D.D.T, endrin, gammexane, dieldrin.

Endrin:

• Most toxic

• Chlorinated

• Called ‘plant penicillin’

Structure of Endrin

Signs and Symptoms

Toxic effects are due to inhalation,skin contamination,ingestion.•Salivation•Vomiting,abdo pain•Tremors,convulsions•Dysponea•Fine white froth

PARAQUAT (Gramoxone)

Sprayed on unwanted weeds Inactivated when in contact with

soil Signs/symptoms: Irritant to all epithelial tissues Eroded lips,mouth,esop. Blood stained vomiting & stools Liver damage

ALMUNIUM PHOSPHIDE: Pesticide/rodenticide Used in dowry deaths Toxic effects are due to liberation of

phosphine gas when Al.phosphide

comes in contact with gastric juice