Post on 01-May-2019
transcript
Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Ahmed Afzal Education Sector Response
UNESCO Office, Jakarta
UI Campus, Depok, Jakarta Indonesia
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Session Outline
• 1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
• 2. Misconceptions
• 3. Relevance to University Students
• 4. UNESCO in the UN Response
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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Which one do YOU Trust?
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Conflicting Messages…?
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Country Impact:
Indonesia
30% of RI Population are Remaja *2010 Census
Magnitude of AIDS among Young
People. Confirmed AIDS Cases:
Time of the infection 5- 10 years prior
to symptoms or diagnosis (~15-24 yrs old!)
Increasing Sexual Transmission: 58% of HIV
infections related to heterosexual behaviour
(MOH, Quarterly report July 2011) 4
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Global Impact, Vision & Status
Global Impact: • ~30 million dead • ~34 million living with HIV (end 2010) • ~31 years life expectancy in Swaziland
Current Status:
• New infections drop 21% since 1997
• ART as Prevention/Circumcision
• 6.6 Million Receiving ART (50%)Low-Dev
New Vision:
• Zero new HIV infections
• Zero discrimination
• Zero AIDS-related deaths *UNAIDS, http://www.unaids.org/en/ World AIDS Day Report 2011
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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Regional Impact
Estimated People living with HIV by end of 2010 - Asia and the Pacific: 4.9 Million*
AP –majority living with HIV in 11 countries: Cambodia, China, India,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Thailand and Viet Nam. *HIV Asia and the Pacific: Getting to Zero 2011 Report *UNAIDS http://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/regions/asiaandpacific/
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India
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Country Impact
-6 Million People at High Risk of Infection *HIV Asia and the Pacific: Getting to Zero 2011 Report
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1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Routes & Rates of
Transmission - Indonesia
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Surveillance reports, National AIDS Programme, MoH Indonesia 2009
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Male YKAP – (Young Key
Affected Populations) - IDU
(Injecting Drug Users), MSM,
MSW
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Male YKAP at higher risks due to:
•often drop out school (or are expelled from)
•often unskilled and experience economic instability
•may turn to crime and/or selling sex to obtain money
for drugs
•in exploitative situations
•may also lose contact with their families
•financial challenges seeking health care
•may take higher risks compared to older KAP
•may be a higher risk in juvenile detention centers
•UNAIDS and UNDCP (1999). Drug Abuse - HIV/AIDS: A devastating combination.
UNAIDS, Geneva.
•UNODC and the Global Youth Network (2004) HIV prevention among young injecting drug
users. UNODC, Vienna. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/handbook_hiv_english.pdf
•Study among young people in Melbourne attending dance venues, 2009
Illicit drug users 2.3 times more likely to have unsafe sex*
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Gender…is it an
issue?
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Females at increasingly higher risk:
-Biological
-Social
-Financial
-Moral
-Access
-Stigma
-FSW – Condom Use?
-Early Marriage
-Trafficking
-Education Access
-Wife
-GBV (Gender Based Violence)
• South Africa Study – 1 out of 7 young women
acquiring HIV linked to intimate partner violence
•Jewkes RK et al. Intimate partner violence, power inequity, and incidence
of HIV infection in young women in South Africa: a cohort study. The
Lancet, 2010, 376:41–48.
Globally, 50%
of all People
Living with HIV
are Women
Indonesia 28% -
and increasing…
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Country Impact:
Indicators &Targets
% of young women and men aged 15-24
who both correctly identify ways of
preventing sexual transmissions of HIV
and who reject major misconceptions about
HIV transmission (UNGASS #13 and
MDG #6.3 by 2015)
National Targets:
-95% by 2014 RPJMN and 2015 MDG *UNGASS Country Report
** MoH DRAFT IBBS 2011 Launching WAD 11
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Country Impact:
International Comparison
International comparison of Young people’s knowledge of HIV:
*UNAIDS 2010 GLOBAL REPORT Chapter 3: HIV Prevention p.69
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WOW!
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
Hope?
-ART as Prevention
-Condom Use -Circumcision -One Partner
-Routine Tests -Social Behavior Change
Behavior Change Global Drop in new
HIV infections (especially among young
people).
13 *UNAIDS, http://www.unaids.org/en/ World AIDS Day Report 2011
1. Why talk about HIV and AIDS?
General Young
Population and YKAP (Young
Key Affected Population)
*2011 KPAN/UNICEF YKAP Age Group Disaggregation of Survey & Research
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Population Aged 15-24
*YKAP 15-24
•34% Young Sex Workers
•38% Young People Who
Inject Drugs
•29% Waria-Transgender
•32% MSM
•PLHIV -- ?
•People Affected by HIV
and AIDS -- ?
General Young 15-24
Younger, aged
10-14
15-19 20-24
*1 of 3 people engaged in high
risk behaviors are young people
2. Misconceptions?
Where do they come from?
Which one to
trust?
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2. Misconceptions
Leading to Stigma and
Discrimination
• Misunderstandings Prejudices Stigma Discrimination
• Accessible and accurate
education essential in reducing risk behavior and HIV infections
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2. Misconceptions?
Fear?
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2. Misconceptions?
Parental Opposition?
Really?
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*ActionAid. 2003. The Sound of Silence. Difficulties communicating on HIV/AIDS at schools.
2. Misconceptions?
Negative Campaign?
Myths?
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2. Misconceptions?
Can HIV Spread Through Tears,
Sweat, Mosquitoes, Swimming?
Kissing, hugging, shaking hands,
sitting on toilet seats, sharing
utensils, touching dried blood: All
are thought by many to be risks for
HIV, but they are not.
http://www.thebody.com/
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2. Misconceptions?
Myths
1)HIV & AIDS is a death sentence
2)There is a Cure for HIV. Magic Johnson?
3)Alternative treatments or cure to HIV?
•Ozone, Coconut Milk, Vitamin C, Yoga
4)Can't have a baby if you're HIV+ ….
5) Infected toothpicks on restaurants tables
6) Infected needles on theater seats
7) Gecko (Tokek) saliva can cure aids
8) Menthol cigarettes kill sperm – Singapore
9) Stand upside-down after sex…
10) Rinsing private parts with Coca-Cola
11) Child brides can prevent HIV…
http://www.thebody.com/ and local media
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3. Relevance to University Students
Gross Enrollment
Rate (GER) of Higher Education
in Indonesia
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Components Year
2005 2010 *)
Age 19 - 23 21.190.000 19.844.485
Students 3.868.358 5.226.450
Public 805.479 1.030.403
Private 2.243.760 2.886.641
Special 48.493 92.971
Religious based
508.545 571.336
Open University
262.081 645.099
GER(%) 18,26% 26,34%
*) Population Census, 2010 (Source: Slide Page DIKTI, MoNE July 2011)
Where are the rest of the youth?
What access to they have to education and services?
Summary of current program
since July 2011…
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•5 Orientation Sessions in 5 Univ. >9,112 Students
•4 Modules for University Orientation Session (MoNE)
•Vice-Rector’s Meeting conducted at (DIKTI/MoNE)
•Social Media (twitter) - youth in formal & non-formal
•T-Shirt Design Competition (AIESEC) >1,500 Shirts
•FGD (Focus Group Discussions) 5 Provinces (ARI)
•Regional Social Media Workshop on HIV
•10 Question-Quiz www.10teenquiz.com >3,000 Hits
•HIV e-Learning Distance Course >1,700 Registered
http://portal.unesco.org/geography/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15170&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html
You CAN Do it!
For further Information
on UNESCO’s response to HIV and AIDS, please visit:
www.unesco.org/aids or
www.unesco.org/jakarta 31
You can become Agents of Social Change! Like ARI..