American ImperialismIsolationism to Empire

Closing the American Frontier

Economic Interests

Military/Strategic Interests

White Man’s Burden

Humanitarian Efforts

China, 1905

Hawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen LiliuokalaniHawaiian Queen Liliuokalani

1893 – AmericanAmericanbusinessmen businessmen backed anbacked anuprising uprising against Queen against Queen Liliuokalani.Liliuokalani.

Cuba

“Reconcentration” Camps General “Butcher”

Weyler relocated 300,000 Cubans to reconcentrados

Reconcentrados

““Yellow Journalism” & JingoismYellow Journalism” & Jingoism Sensational coverage Encouraged Jingoism:

feeling of intense national pride and a desire for an aggressive foreign policy

“You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war”

Joseph PulitzerJoseph Pulitzer

William Randolph Hearst

William Randolph Hearst

The Great White Fleet Alfred T. Mahan,

1890, importance of sea power in history = Am. Naval build up = show of U.S. power

The U.S.S. Maine

Remember the MaineRemember the Maineand to Hell with Spain!and to Hell with Spain!

The de Lome LetterDescribed President Described President

McKinley as "weak" McKinley as "weak" and a "petty and a "petty politician."politician."

Called by Hearst: "WORST INSULT TO THE UNITED STATES IN ITS HISTORY."

Battle of San Juan Hill

Theodore Roosevelt Gains Fame T.R. led unit of calvary

known as the Rough Riders received credit for the battle of San Juan Hill (1898) Gained tremendous

popularity and began to create image as an American hero

To take or to not take the Philippines?

Anti-Imperialists Acquire territory w/no path to statehood

Unconstitutional Govern w/o consent against Dec. of Ind. Pressing social reforms at home Commitment of maintaining an empire

Outcome of the Spanish American War (1898)

Treaty of Paris Obtained the Philippines (20 million), Guam, and

Puerto Rico Cuba became a U.S. protectorate

Teller Amendment: U.S. promises not to take over Cuba

Platt Amendment: Cuba could not make treaties, go into debt, and the U.S. could intervene

Cares of a Growing Family

Big Stick Diplomacy Roosevelt Corollary:

Asserted America’s right to intervene in order to protect economic interests

America would act as a international police force

Not to be left out… U. S. issues the

Open Door Policy (1899) America asserts

right to free trade America use force if necessary

Boxer Rebellion (1900)

Eight nation coalition defeated Boxers

First multinational force

Precedent of intervention to protect American civilians

The Panama Canal Roosevelt: “I took the

Canal Zone, and let Congress debate, and while the debate goes on, the canal does also.”

Completion of the Canal Represented

American technological capability

Symbolized arrogant American imperialism

American Foreign Investments, 1914

Dollar Diplomacy Taft used financial

power to exert influence over Latin American countries Ex. Nicaragua

intervention

Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”

Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”

Improve financialImprove financialopportunities for opportunities for American businesses.American businesses.

Use private capital toUse private capital tofurther U. S. interestsfurther U. S. interestsoverseas.overseas.

Create Create stability/promote stability/promote America’s America’s commercial interests.commercial interests.

Nicaragua Intervention, 1911 President Diaz was an

officer of U.S.-owned Nicaraguan mining company

U.S. bankers loaned 15 million/controlled Nicaraguan National Bank

Revolt ensued against Diaz

Taft sent in 2,500 Marines to protect American interests

Remained there until 1933

The U. S. shouldThe U. S. shouldbe the consciencebe the conscienceof the world.of the world.

Moral/Missionary Diplomacy Wilson would not

recognize any country that was… Undemocratic Oppressive Hostile to U.S. interests

Intervention in Mexico, 1914 Wilson refused to

recognize Mexican gov’t

“I will not recognize a government of butchers…I am going to teach the South American republics to elect good men.”

Pancho Villa

Pattern of Intervention Based on humanitarian grounds, to enforce order,

forestall foreign intervention, and protect U.S. economic interests, the United States intervened in the Caribbean and Central America some 20 times over the next 30 yrs.

U.S. Interventions 1890s-U.S. Interventions 1890s-1920s1920s

U.S. Interventions 1890s-U.S. Interventions 1890s-1920s1920s

America’s New Role

Changing World Role U.S. now had global

commitments and could no longer remain completely isolationist

“One of the Boys”