transcript
- Slide 1
- AN INTRODUCTION TO RHETORIC: USING THE AVAILABLE MEANS Chapter
1
- Slide 2
- ASSIGNMENT Follow along with your Cornell Notes. Chapter 1
Rhetoric Topic/Objective: Chapter 1 Rhetoric You will complete the
Notes (right side) in class. You will complete the Questions/Main
Idea (left side) for homework. due on Tuesday Cornell Notes on
Chapter 1 will be due on Tuesday, August 23, 2011.
- Slide 3
- KEY ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC Nowadays, the word rhetoric is often
used to signal deception. Rhetoric means the effective use of
language to communicate an idea. Rhetoric can serve sincerity (as
in Lou Gehrigs speech) as well as trickery.
- Slide 4
- KEY ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC (CONTINUED) Rhetoric is always
situational: it always has a context and a purpose. Context
Context: the occasion, time, place it was written or spoken Purpose
Purpose: goal that the speaker or writer wants to achieve.
- Slide 5
- KEY ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC (CONTINUED) Context? Purpose?
- Slide 6
- KEY ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC (CONTINUED) Context of Lou Gehrigs
speech is the emotional contrast between the celebration of his
athletic career and his life-threatening diagnosis. Purpose of Lou
Gehrigs speech is to remain positive and downplay his bad
break.
- Slide 7
- KEY ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC (CONTINUED) Context and purpose are
essential to analyzing effective rhetoric. First, consider the
context: The occasion, time, and place Then, consider the purpose:
What is the speakers goal in this communication?
- Slide 8
- KEY ELEMENTS OF RHETORIC (CONTINUED) Remember that sometimes
context arises from current events or cultural bias.
- Slide 9
- THE RHETORICAL TRIANGLE
- Slide 10
- Author: Who is the author? What do you know about the author?
Is he/she trustworthy? Why? What else has he/she written on the
subject? Audience: Who is my audience? What do they mean to me?
What is their interest in the subject? What do they know about the
subject? Audience: How do they feel about the subject? How does the
writer expect them to respond to their topic? Purpose: Does the
writer propose something? Does the writer convey specific
information? Does the writer convince you of something? Does the
writer try to sell something?
- Slide 11
- P I G S A C P ERSONA I NTENTION G ENRE S UBJCT A UDIENCE C
ONTEXT Analyzing a Text = Pigsacing a Text Analyzing a Text =
Pigsacing a Text
- Slide 12
- PIGSAC Persona The voice that tells the story. The author and
the speaker are NOT necessarily the same. An author may choose to
tell the story from any number of different points of view
(character or persona). 3 Components Tone Diction Logic
- Slide 13
- PIGSAC Intention The reason behind the text. The
author/speakers GOAL in the communication. Consider the purpose of
the text in order to examine the argument and its logic. What does
the speaker want the audience to think or do as a result of reading
this text?
- Slide 14
- PIGSAC Intention (continued) TONE The attitude of the author
toward the subject matter. With the written work, it is tone that
extends meaning beyond the literal. can be determined by examining
the authors diction (choice of words), syntax (word order), and
imagery (vivid descriptions that appeal to the senses).
- Slide 15
- PIGSAC Intention (continued) TONE amiable? detached?
passionate? zealous? sardonic? sincere? matter-of-fact?
authoritative? nostalgic? sincere? matter-of-fact? authoritative?
nostalgic? condescending? insolent? angry? condescending? insolent?
angry? Is the author:
- Slide 16
- PIGSAC Intention (continued) TONE Is the Speaker: Trying to win
agreement? Persuade us to take action? Evoke sympathy? Make us
laugh? Inform? Does the Speaker Provoke? Celebrate? Repudiate? Put
forth a proposal? Secure support? Bring about a favorable
decision?
- Slide 17
- PIGSAC Genre The type of writing. Also called modes:
Creative/Expressive Descriptive Expository/Informative Narrative
Argumentative Business Comparison/Contrast Literary Response
Technical
- Slide 18
- PIGSAC Subject The general topic, content, and ideas contained
in the text; the main idea.
- Slide 19
- PIGSAC Audience The audience may be one person, a small group,
or a large group; it may be a certain person or a certain
people.
- Slide 20
- APPEALS: HOW TO PERSUADE Ethos Appeals to a sense of character,
credibility, authority The writer makes a good impression. The
reader believes the writer knows what he or she is talking about.
The speakers ethos is his expertise, knowledge experience,
training, sincerity, or a combination.
- Slide 21
- APPEALS: HOW TO PERSUADE Logos Appeals to reason and sense of
logic Solid facts Sound argument Acknowledge the counterargument
Concession and refutation
- Slide 22
- APPEALS: HOW TO PERSUADE Pathos Appeals to emotion Figurative
language Personal Anecdote First Person Strong Connotations
- Slide 23
- FALLACIES Attractive but unreliable pieces of reasoning.
- Slide 24
- THE FLAW OF FALLACIES Relying too heavily on ethos (such as
celebrity endorsement) without corroborating logos, can be a
fallacy. Relying too much on emotion without corroborating logos,
can be a fallacy.
- Slide 25
- ASSIGNMENT Pg. 9 Due Tuesday, August 23, 2011
- Slide 26
- ASSIGNMENT Follow along with your Cornell Notes. Chapter 1
Rhetoric Topic/Objective: Chapter 1 Rhetoric You will complete the
Notes (right side) in class. You will complete the Questions/Main
Idea (left side) for homework. due on Thursday Cornell Notes on
Chapter 1 will be due on Thursday, August 25, 2011.
- Slide 27
- VISUAL RHETORIC: EDITORIAL CARTOONS uses images to create
meaning or construct an argument.
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- VISUAL RHETORIC: EDITORIAL CARTOONS uses images to create
meaning or construct an argument.
- Slide 31
- VISUAL RHETORIC: ORGANIZATION OF AN ESSAY Classic arrangement:
Introduction: draws the reader in Narration: facts and background
Confirmation: main part developing the proof Refutation: addresses
the counterargument Conclusion: appeal to pathos, reminds reader of
ethos established earlier. Answers the question, so what?
- Slide 32
- VISUAL RHETORIC: ORGANIZATION OF AN ESSAY Modern Patterns of
Development: Narration: Telling a story or recounting a series of
events Description: emphasizes the senses by painting a picture
(activates the 5 senses) Process Analysis: Explains how something
works or how to do something Exemplification: Facts, specific cases
or instances; turns a general idea into a more concrete one.
Comparison and Contrast: Highlighting similarities and differences
Classification and Division: Sorting of ideas Definition: Defining
a term as the basis of an argument
- Slide 33
- ASSIGNMENT Pg. 12 Assignment Pg. 26. Assignment Review for quiz
(review assignment) on pg. 28 Due Thursday, August 25, 2011