“Betweenness”and“Diversity”inJournalCita6onNetworksasMeasuresofInterdisciplinarity

LoetLeydesdorff,CarolineS.Wagner,&LutzBornmann

loet@leydesdorff.net;wagner.911@osu.edu;bornmann@gv.mpg.de

—ATributetoEugeneGarfield—Scientometrics,memorialissue

“Interdisciplinarity”?1.   Poli6calandscholarlydiscourse

•  Poli&ciansaskformore“interdisciplinarity”and“transdisciplinarity”;•  Qualitycontrolproblemswhenonemovesbeyond“mul&-disciplinarity”

•  VanNoorden(2015):Interdisciplinaryresearchhaslong-termimpact(>10years)•  Nichols(2014):89%oftheporNoliooftheDirectorateforSBEofthetheNSFisIDR.

2.   Howtodelineatedisciplines→poten6aldriYinthedefini6ons•  Indicatorsaresensi&veforchangesinthedelinea&ons•  WoSSubjectCategories(pragma&c)vs.algorithmicdecomposi&ons•  Changingboundaries

3.   Differentindicators:•  Diversity:composedof(i)variety,(ii)disparityand(iii)balance•  BetweennessCentrality:afamilyofindicators.

4.   Newdevelopments•  inthejournallandscapesuchasPLoSONE(2006);mul&-disiciplinary?•  Paperlevel(“directcita&on”)vs.journallevel

Advancessince:Leydesdorff,L.,&Rafols,I.(2011).Indicatorsoftheinterdisciplinarityofjournals:Diversity,centrality,andcita&ons.JournalofInformetrics,5(1),87-100.

1.  Theproblemofdelinea0oncanbe“solved”intermsofthesta&s&csusingVOSviewer:

‒  Leydesdorff,L.,Bornmann,L.,&Wagner,C.S.(2017).Genera&ngClusteredJournalMaps:AnAutomatedSystemforHierarchicalClassifica&on.Scientometrics,110(3),1601-1614.

2.   Valuedbetweennesscentrality(Brandes,visone);64-bitcompu&ngpower;

3.  “Truediversity”:

‒  Zhang,L.,Rousseau,R.,&Glänzel,W.(2016).Diversityofreferencesasanindicatorforinterdisciplinarityofjournals:Takingsimilaritybetweensubjectfieldsintoaccount.JournaloftheAssociaAonforInformaAonScienceandTechnology,67(5),1257-1265.

4.  Networkmeasures(basedonrela&ons;e.g.,geodesics)versusmeasuresinthevectorspace(basedoncorrela&ons)→differentdistances

•  FamilyofmeasuresdevelopedsinceFreeman’sintroduc&onin1971:•  Freeman,L.C.,Borgan,S.P.,&White,D.R.(1991).Centralityinvaluedgraphs:Ameasureofbetweennessbasedonnetworkflow.SocialNetworks,13(2),141-154.

•  Brandes,U.(2008).Onvariantsofshortest-pathbetweennesscentralityandtheirgenericcomputa&on.SocialNetworks,30(2),136-145.→implementa&oninvisone

•  Liu,J.S.,&Lu,L.Y.(2012).Anintegratedapproachformainpathanalysis:DevelopmentoftheHirschindexasanexample.JournaloftheAmericanSocietyforInformaAonScienceandTechnology,63(3),528-542.

•  BCcanbecomputedonanasymmetrical(1-mode)matrix.

•  Graph-analy&cal:basedongeodesics

• 

http://www.leydesdorff.net/software/diversity/net2rao.exe

Between-groupandwithin-groupDiversityCassi,L.,Mescheba,W.,&DeTurckheim,E.(2014).Howtoevaluatethedegreeofinterdisciplinarityofanins&tu&on?Scientometrics,101(3),1871-1895.Furtherelabora&oninCassietal.,2017;cf.Chiu&Chao,2014.

•  Inouropinion,Rao-S&rlingdiversityisasumma&on(Σ)likeShannonentropyandthereforefullydecomposable.•  Differencesamongaggregatedsubsets(“withingroup”)canbetestedforsignificanceusingANOVAwithBonferronicorrec&on;•  Off-diagonalpartsofthematrixcanbesummedasbetween-groupdiversity.

•  Thematrixofdiversityscorescanbeusedforfurtheranalysis•  Knowledgeintegra&onnetworksandknowledgediffusionnetworks.

•  Perhaps:“knowledgedifferen&a&on”?•  Seealsohup://www.leydesdorff.net/sowware/diversity/net2rao.exe

Dataanddescrip6vesta6s6csh^p://www.leydesdorff.net/jcr15

ResultsBCn=11,359

Correla6ons

JournalBC(Pajek) Journal

ValuedBC(visone)

SocSciMed 7.38 SocSciMed 6.64 AmJPublicHealth 2.62 PsycholBull 2.18 PsycholBull 2.34 AmJPublicHealth 2.06 FrontPsychol 2.25 FrontPsychol 1.75 ComputHumBehav 2.04 ComputHumBehav 1.61 JBusEthics 1.61 JPersSocPsychol 1.26 JPersSocPsychol 1.31 JBusEthics 1.20 WorldDev 1.24 WorldDev 1.04 PersIndivDiffer 1.22 PersIndivDiffer 1.04 SocIndicRes 1.08 SocIndicRes 0.89 ApplEcon 1.04 JAdvNurs 0.79 AmPsychol 0.94 AmSociolRev 0.78 JAdvNurs 0.92 AmPsychol 0.70 JPragma&cs 0.91 ApplEcon 0.70 AmSociolRev 0.90 Geoforum 0.66 AmEconRev 0.80 AmJSociol 0.65 Geoforum 0.80 JPragma&cs 0.63 JBusRes 0.79 JApplPsychol 0.62 AmJSociol 0.78 AmEconRev 0.61 JApplPsychol 0.73 JBusRes 0.58 Scientometrics 0.73 JEconBehavOrgan 0.51 PsycholSci 0.68 AnnuRevSociol 0.50 JEconBehavOrgan 0.68 EcolEcon 0.49 CurrAnthropol 0.65 Cogni&on 0.49 ComputEduc 0.64 ChildDev 0.49

ResultsBCn=3,264(SocialSciences)

Journal 2D3cited Journal 2D3ci0ngSocRes 18.11 Disasters 9.15QualResPsychol 17.92 Convergencia 8.64AmBehavSci 17.39 Con&nuum-JMediaCu 8.13Daedalus-Us 16.44 Evalua&onRev 7.79AnnAmAcadPolitSs 15.94 IndianJGendStud 7.71FieldMethod 14.97 FoodCultSoc 7.3QualInq 14.91 EducSci-TheorPract 7.2Na&on 13.81 HumOrgan 7.1SocSciInform 13.8 E&kkPraksis 7.09AmJEconSociol 13.56 InformCult 7.03AmJSociol 13.38 ChinaRev 7.01BritJSociol 13.31 CurrSociol 6.85TheorSoc 12.95 InformRes 6.84QualRes 12.9 EducAssessEvalAcc 6.83Signs 12.81 CritAsianStud 6.76AnnuRevSociol 12.75 HistSocRes 6.65JSocio-Econ 12.75 EnvironPlannC 6.62CritInquiry 12.38 EurJWomensStud 6.61JRStatSocAStat 12.38 EducXx1 6.53AmHistRev 12.36 EvalProgramPlann 6.49SociolMethodol 12.09 EconSoc 6.47AmSociolRev 12.05 FemPsychol 6.47QualQuant 11.84 HealthSocCareComm 6.44CurrSociol 11.81 CultStud 6.39NewLewRev 11.79 ChildSoc 6.39

JournalBC(Pajek) Journal

ValuedBC(visone)

Scientometrics 6.82 Scientometrics 10.12 JDoc 5.79 LibrInformSciRes 7.38 LibrInformSciRes 4.36 JAcadLibr 7.06 JAcadLibr 3.82 JLibrInfSci 7.04 ElectronLibr 3.71 JDoc 6.22 OnlineInformRev 3.71 InformRes 5.25 IntJInformManage 3.42 MisQuart 5.05 InformRes 3.41 ElectronLibr 4.89 MisQuart 3.35 OnlineInformRev 4.06 InformManage-Amster 2.92 GovInformQ 3.70 GovInformQ 2.57 InformManage-Amster 3.22 JAssocInfSciTech 2.25 JAssocInfSciTech 3.21 JInfSci 2.19 IntJInformManage 2.90 LibrTrends 1.91 LibrTrends 2.57 JManageInformSyst 1.72 JInfSci 2.25 JLibrInfSci 1.69 InformSoc 2.12 InformSoc 1.62 InformProcessManag 1.68 CollResLibr 1.57 JManageInformSyst 1.60 InformDev 1.40 InformDev 1.54 JInformetr 1.40 InformTechnolPeopl 1.47 InformProcessManag 1.37 CollResLibr 1.31 InformTechnolPeopl 1.23 JKnowlManag 1.12 JAssocInfSyst 1.05 JMedLibrAssoc 0.91 EurJInformSyst 1.02 TelecommunPolicy 0.86

ResultsBCn=86(LIS)

journal 2D3cited Journal 2D3ci0ngInformSoc 4.28 LibrInformSciRes 3.78 JComput-MediatComm 3.89 OnlineInformRev 3.76 OnlineInformRev 3.39 JAssocInfSciTech 3.72 IntJInformManage 3.32 AslibJInformManag 3.69 AslibProc 3.26 ElectronLibr 3.67 InformDev 3.15 InformRes 3.51 InformManage-Amster 3.11 JInfSci 3.48 JInfSci 3.10 CanJInformLibSci 3.46 SerialsRev 2.93 Inves&gBibliotecol 3.30 JMedLibrAssoc 2.90 InformCult 3.23 EthicsInfTechnol 2.66 LibrHiTech 3.10 JScholarlyPubl 2.57 JDoc 3.07 JInfTechnol 2.47 Program-ElectronLib 3.02 LearnPubl 2.46 InformSoc-Estud 2.99 LibrHiTech 2.44 JLibrInfSci 2.98 LibrInformSciRes 2.41 AfrJLibrArchInfo 2.92 JDoc 2.40 Libri 2.91 LibrTrends 2.38 LibrTrends 2.89 Program-ElectronLib 2.36 LibrResourTechSer 2.89 InformTechnolLibr 2.36 InformProcessManag 2.84 JAmSocInfSciTec 2.33 LibrQuart 2.83 InformRes 2.33 LearnPubl 2.71 AustAcadResLibr 2.33 MalaysJLibrInfSc 2.70 JStrategicInfSyst 2.32 InformSoc 2.60 InformTechnolPeopl 2.31 RefUserServQ 2.60

Decomposi6onofDiversity

Conclusions

Betweenness

1.  BCcanbeconsideredasanindicatorofmul6-disciplinarity;

2.  ValuedBCimprovesonbinaryBCbecausecita&onnetworksarevalued.

Diversity

1.  Diversityintheci&ngdimension(“knowledgeintegra6on”)indicatestrans-ornon-disciplinarity;

2.  Diversityintheciteddimension(“knowledgedifferen6a6on”;bibliographiccoupling)tradesoffbetweenstructure(selec&on)andac&on(varia&on);! thisisprobablythebestindicatorof“interdisciplinarity”;

•  Diversitycanbedecomposedintowithin-andbetween-groupdiversityseehup://www.leydesdorff.net/sowware/diversity

Scientometrics