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Babylonia
MARJUN ANTHONETTE P. ILAGANGROUP 1GRADE 7 - DESCARTES
BABYLONIA
The Babylonian Empire lasted from the 18th
century BC to the 6th century BC
Known originally as Sumer and later as Sumer
and Akkad
It lies between the Tigris and Euphrates
rivers, south of modern Baghdâd,
Iraq.
There were between 10-15 cities with
approximately 10,00 to 50,000 inhabitants (no one really knows if its
real)
Babylonian Legacy
The first Babylonian empire is best known for the Law Code of King Hammurabi, circa 1750 BC, purportedly handed down by the god Shamah.
The New Empire of Babylon was noted especially for its wealth and grandeur. This was reported in Old Testament accounts from the period of the Hebrew Babylonian Captivity and by the Greek historian Herodotus who visited the city.
The most impressive features of the city were its walls, the Ishtar Gate, the ziggurat and temple to Marduk, the Processional Way, and the Hanging Gardens.
Hammurabi
Hammurabi Code
If a man’s wife has the finger pointed at her on account of
another, but has not been caught lying with him, for her husband’s
sake, she shall plunge into the sacred river.
If a man has struck a free woman with child, and has caused her to miscarry, he shall pay ten shekels for her miscarriage. If that woman dies, his daughter shall be killed.
If it be the daughter of a plebeian that has miscarried through his
blows, he shall pay five shekels of silver. If that woman dies, he shall
pay half a mina of silver.
If the surgeon has treated a serious injury of a plebeian’s slave, with the
bronze lancet, and has caused his death, he shall render slave for
slave.
If a son has struck his father, his hands
shall be cut off.
If the surgeon has treated a serious injury of a plebeian’s
slave, with the bronze lancet, and has caused his death, he shall render slave for slave.
If a slave has said to his master, “You are not my master,” he
shall be brought to account as his slave, and his master shall
cut off his ear.
If a man, after his father’s death, has lain in the bosom of his mother, they shall both of
them be burnt together.
Religion
Po
lyth
eist
ic
The Babylonians believe in many Gods.
Several religious cults through out the city with their own
ways of worship, fought often.
Marduk is the supreme God and God of the city of Babylon
Architecture (Temples, ziggurats, gates) and art were
dedicated to their Gods.
Religious Practices
Giving offerings of food and artifacts. Human
sacrifices were possible as well
Practices of healing magic, magic charms and
divination.
People or families had individual gods for personal
prayer. They could leave their god and worship[ a new one if they had bad luck with their last god.
Gods and GoddessesMarduk
• King of Gods
• God of the rising sun
Ea• God of wisdom
Shamash
• God of justice
• Sun God
Ishtar
• God of love
• God of war
Tiamat
• Dragon goddess
• Slain by Marduk
• Corpse made into the Earth
Nabu• Son of Marduk
Government
Government
The main form of government was a
monarchy with one king.
The king used governors to
maintain order and control over
different provinces of the empire.
An effective tool used by the government was
Hammurabi's Code, the first uniform code of laws
which, reinforced class distinction.
Patriarchy authority was
enforced by the code but women still had laws to
protect them
SOCIETY
•King
•Nobles
Awilu, a free person of
the upperclass.
•Free Men
•Military personnel and civil servants
Mushkenu, a free person of
low estate.
•Debt SlavesWardu, or slave
Fam
ily a
nd
Tri
be The basic units of
their society.
Basis of an individual’s class and station.
On marriage…
Babylonian marriages we’re arranged by
parents. The ceremony was concluded with a
contract inscribed on a tablet.
A Legal contract.
On women…
A Babylonian women could hold
property, engage in business and qualify
as witness.
On children…
In the normal course of events, children were loved
and at the death of their parents, inherited their
property. Though in some cases they could be sold
into slavery.
Adopted children were
not uncommon.
Economic Life and Trade Relations
Babylon was a very prosperous city and empire
Babylon traded surplus' of food and manufactured goods such as furniture
and pottery
In return they received goods from around the ancient world:
• From the south they received cotton.
• They imported wood from Persia and India in the east.
• Babylon traded for wood from Syria in the north.
• They imported minerals such as gold, copper, and stone from Egypt, Sinai, and Yemen in the west.
Babylonian Economy was based on Agriculture.
They raised cattle and sheep.
Relationship to surrounding people
The Babylonians adopted the Akkadian language for their official use, and the Sumerian
language for religious purposes.
Babylonians also traded with Anatolia, Syria, and Palestine.
Hammurabi, united many of the surrounding civilizations under Babylonian rule, including the
Assyrians, the Akkadians, and the Sumerians.
EDUCATION
Babylonian education starts at the age of
eight.
Education is exclusive for children of wealthy families.
They were taught in so called “tablet
house”.
There they were trained to exercise knowledge over scripts, cuneiform
and language.
If a student passes final
examinations he/she will
become a scribe.
Major Achievements and Facts
The most famous innovation of
ancient Babylonian culture was
astronomy, which began as a study
of astrology
Created calendar which perfectly predicted eclipses
Sexagesimalsystem for the calculation of
time and angles, which is still
practical because of the multiple
divisibility of the number 60
Cuneiform on clay tablets revealed their knowledge
of science, math, and literature. That Babylonians
recorded on these tablets songs, prayers, and poems
along with history and laws. The Babylonians
performed complicated
surgeries and had extensive
knowledge on medicine. They
even did operations of
eyes
The Babylon’s used cuneiform. However, they used more than
350 signs in their writing.
The literature of Babylon was very rich. They wrote around 2000 books. They composed books on religion, science, mathematics, and astrology.
• One of the books of the Babylonians which was known to the world was “The epic of Gilgamesh”
Code of Hammurabi
The use of sun dial and water clock to know the time.
The Babylonians also excelled in the field of science. Like the Sumerians, they adopted the Lunar Calendar. They divided one year into 12 months and each month was divided into 30 days.
The Great Ziggurat which was built by Hammurabi in honor of Marduk.
Varieties of Seals
Architecture
Though the city of Babylon stands today, it is in ruins compared to what it used to be.
• The most impressive parts of the city that stand today are the various temples and ziggurats, the multiple gates, most notibly the rebuilt Gate of Ishtar, the Processional Road, the largest and only paved road in the city, and the kings palace.
The more famous examples of the city's architecture are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Tower of Babel, but neither stand today and many debate their existence.
Art
Most art were terra-cotta or stone carvings
of gods, kings and animals.
Their most notable contribution is the use of polychrome glazed bricks, which gave the
bricks a shiny blue coating and
protected them from damage for 1,000's of
years.
Archaeology in Babylonia
Archaeology in Babylonia
Much of the western part of Babylon is under water
because the Euphrates River has changed it's course over time, so excavation of much of the city is difficult to do.
Some prominent sites found in
Babylon include:
Kasr (Castle/Palace): the burial place of
Nebuchadnezzar
Amran Ibn Ali: the site of a temple of Marduk, also
called Esagila, which contained shrines to the
deities Nabu and Ea.
Babil: site for a palace of Nebuchadnezzar's
Archaeology in Babylon and other parts of Babylonia are still being excavated today but much of what we know about Ancient Babylonia is from archaeology,
such as the layout of their cities, their knowledge of math, and
the natural disasters that occurred.
Source
file:///C:/Users/Marjun/Downloads/ancientbabylon-1-100308083255-phpapp01.pdf Lendering, Jona. "Babylonian Empire". Livius: Articles on Ancient History. 02/24/2010
http://www.livius.org/babd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html. Gappa, Andrew. "Babylonia". Emuseum. 02/24/2010 http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/oldworld/middle_east/ babylonians.html. Babylonian Empire." Livius. Articles on Ancient History. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. http://www.livius.org/babd/babylon/babylonian_empire.html. "Hammurabi's Code." Center for History and New Media. Web. 05 Mar. 2010. http://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/d/267/whn.html. History World International. "A History of Babylon." Http://history-world.org. History World International, 2004. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. Russell, Rusty. "Ancient Babylonia." Http://www.bible-history.com. Bible History Online. Web. 6 Mar. 2010. http://www.britannica.com/topic/polytheism http://www.angelfire.com/empire2/unkemptgoose/Babylonian.html http://www.mythicjourneys.org/bigmyth/myths/english/eng_babylonian_culture.htm http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson-plan/life-old-babylonia-importance-trade http://www.historydiscussion.net/essay/contributions-of-the-babylonian-civilization/1897 http://history-world.org/babylonia.htm
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