APWHUnit 1

Chapter 1Early Human History

Key Questions

• What is Civilization or Culture?• Which came first?• How are the terms similar?• How are the terms different?

What is Culture?

1. Learned patterns of expression and action2. The first cultural trait of early humans was

making tools3. Mysteries about early human culture are:• what cave art really meant• what megaliths were used for

So how does “culture” turn into civilization?

• A very very very very very very very long and slow process we now call…….

• Evolution of the species

Darwin’s Theory

Charles Darwin’s Theory

• 1859 published On the Origin of Species

• Evolution Theory was based on his observations and study of the animal and plant kingdom

• “Well I’m a monkey’s uncle!”

Because of science we Know

1. 99% of DNA in apes is identical to humans2. Human skin color changed over time due to

environmental conditions.3. Travel between continents was possible during

last Ice Age through temporary land bridges caused by low sea levels

4. After the Ice Age new animal species evolved from old forms and the human form as we know it was achieved!

Darwin’s Theory

• So do you think you evolved from an ape?

• If so your family did this…

• Your ancestor?

Scientists and Historians generally agree:

• Earliest human activity revolved around gathering food

• Many large species of animals were hunted to extinction by humans

• Creating tribes/clans occurred early in order to survive the Old Stone Age

• Family/Tribal culture is the foundation for CIVILIZATION!

• tribal initiation

Basic stuff you need to know about the 3 stages of the human transformation.

Homo habilis“Handy Human”

Made and used simple tools (skip 4 lines)

Homo erectus“Upright Human”

Began migrating out of Africa (skip 4 lines)

Homo sapien“Wise Human”

Thinking, creative, adaptable (skip 4 lines)

Summarize this imageAs humans progressed…

BRAIN SIZE INCREASED!

Pencils down…Identify the three latest stages in human development

Level 1 question

1. Homo habilis2. Homo erectus3. Homo sapiens

Describe the three latest stages in human development

Level 2 question Fill in…..

1. Homo habilis started using tools

2. Homo erectus began to migrate and spread out across the earth

3. Homo sapiens settled down and formed the first permanent civilizations

What stage of development is this?

• Homo habilis• Earliest tools were

simply stones, wood and bone

• Size and sharpness were likely what mattered most.

• Towards the end of the stage – the making of tools would begin

What stage is there the earliest evidence of the use of fire?

• Homo Erectus• Campfire evidence in

Neanderthal caves.• Homo sapiens

expanded their use of fire for more than just warmth.