ARCHES.pdf

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8/13/2019 ARCHES.pdf

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An arch is a structure that spans a space and supportsstructure and weight above it. Arches appeared asearly as the 2nd millennium BC in Mesopotamianbrick architecture and their systematic use startedwith the Ancient Romans who were the first to applythe technique to a wide range of structures.

STONEHENGE TEMPLE AT KARNAK, EGYPT

SHRINE OF SETI, KARNAK LION GATE, MYCENAE

ENTRANCE, PYRAMID OFKHUFU BARNACK CHURCH TOWER

THOLOS OF ATREUS, MYCENAE TEMPLE COMPLEX, BOROBODUR

CIRCULAR POINTED PARABOLIC

ROUNDED

Arches witha circular form, alsoreferred to as roundedarch, were commonlyemployed by thebuilders of ancient,heavy masonry arches.Ancient Roman buildersrelied heavily on therounded arch to spanlarge, open areas.Several rounded archesplaced in-line, end-to-end, form an arcade,such as the Romanaqueduct.

ROMAN AQUADUCT, NIMES

STILTED

Stilted arch are arches inwhich the springing lineis some distance abovethe impost, the spacebetween being occupiedby a vertical member,molded or ornamented,as a continuation of thearchivolt, intrados, etc.

COURT OF THE LIONS, GRANADA

HORSESHOE

The horseshoe arch,also called the Moorisharch and the Keyholearch, is theemblematic arch ofIslamic architecture.They were formerlyconstructed in VisigothicSpain. Horseshoe archescan take rounded,pointed or lobed form.

DOUBLE HORSESHOE ARCH, LISBON

LANCET

A lancet window is a

narrow window with a

pointed arch at its

top. It acquired the

"lancet" name fromits resemblance to

a lance. Instances of

thisarchitectural motif

are typical of Gothicecclesiastical

structures of the

earliest period.

YORK MINSTER, ENGLAND

The Four-centered or

Tudor Arch has an

inner set of curves or

arcs with a radius

much greater than

threat of the outerpair.

KING’S COLLEGE CHAPEL, CAMBRIDGE

The Ogee Curve iscreated using by theunion of a concave and aconvex arch. The resultlooks a bit like an S. This

is used at the top ofarches as well as for theprofile of mouldings.The ogee arch is Gothicin design.Other variations are:

Ogee Four-centeredarch and Ogee CymaReversa arch. Similar isthe Oriental Arch.

PARABOLIC

Parabolas have the

shape of the curve

created when a plane

intersects a cone at

right angles.

Of any arch type, theparabolic arch

produces the most

thrust at the base, butcan span the largest

areas. It is commonlyused in bridge design,

where long spans are

needed.

GATEWAY ARCH, ST. LOUIS

END OF LECTURE

ARCHES.pdf

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